吴茱萸果实分泌囊发育和精油产生过程的超微结构研究

吴茱萸（Ｅｖｏｄｉａｒｕｔａｅｃａｒｐａ（Ｊｕｓｓ．）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）果实分泌囊是通过其原始细胞群的中央细胞之间分离,以裂生方式形成。根据分泌囊发育过程中上皮细胞各细胞器的变化规律分析,质体变化最为明显,其体积和数量逐渐增加,基质中出现嗜锇滴和管状结构,周围有油滴分布,因而认为质体是精油的合成场所。精油合成后,通过质体膜转运到质体周围的光滑内质网或液泡中,然后由内质网膜或液泡膜所包被。最后这些含油的小泡直接与质膜融合,将精油释放至油腔中。     

吴茱萸果料分泌囊发育和精油产生过程的超微结构研究

吴茱萸果实分泌囊是通过其原始细胞群的中央细胞之间分离,以裂生方式形成。根据分泌囊发育过程中上皮细胞各细胞器的变化规律分析,质体变化最为明显,其体积和数量逐渐增加,基质中出现嗜锇滴和管状结构周围有油滴分布,因而认为质体是精油的合成场所。     

花椒果实分泌囊发育过程的超微结构研究

电镜观察结果表明,花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)果实分泌囊是由裂生方式形成,由鞘细胞、上皮细胞和油腔构成。对分泌囊的原始细胞、油腔发生和扩大以及发育成熟3个时期的超微结构研究表明,其精油是在分泌囊油腔发生时开始积累,以油滴形态存在于上皮细胞的质体内及其周围的细胞质中。根据各细胞器的变化规律分析,质体是精油合成的主要场所,内质网参与精油的合成和转运,线粒体为上述活动提供能量。上皮细胞内积累的精油可能通过两种途径排出细胞,分泌至油腔内贮存。鞘细胞内也积累精油,其主要合成场所也与质体有关,以后转运至上皮细胞内。成熟分泌囊的质体由于功能改变,其内出现蛋白质结晶和淀粉粒。     

花椒果实分泌囊超微结构的研究

利用电子显微镜对花椒果实分泌囊的超微结构进行研究,表明分泌囊上皮细胞和鞘细胞的最显著特征是具许多含嗜锇物质的质体。这些质体内膜结构不发达,周围分布大量内质网槽库、含油滴的液泡和环状油滴。在此基础上,对质体的功能以及精油合成、贮存和转运的可能场所和途径进行了讨论。     

芸香科植物茎分泌囊的研究

利用石蜡切片和薄切片方法对芸香料１４属２３种和１变种植物幼茎中分泌囊的分布和结构进行了比较研究。在芸香科植物茎中,靠近表皮的皮层中分布一轮分泌囊,分泌均由鞘细胞和一层上皮细胞围绕圆形腔隙构成,上皮细胞扁平,细胞壁薄,完整。鞘细胞１－５层。在不同亚科、不同属之间,分泌囊的差异仅仅表现在分泌腔的大小和鞘细胞的层数方面。一般草本类型属植物     

火炬树分泌道的发育解剖学研究

本文报道了火炬树分泌道的结构、分布和发育。火炬树的分泌道是由一层分泌细胞及其外侧1—5层薄壁组织细胞组成的鞘细胞所包围。分泌道主要分布于根、茎、叶、花和果实的维管束的韧皮部内,此外,在茎的髓部也存在散生的分泌道。各类器官中的分泌道都以裂生方式发育;营养器官中的分泌道先于维管分子分化,生殖器官中的则后于维管分子的分化。     

HPLC法测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量

目的:建立比较简单可靠的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法以测定吴茱萸药材中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量。方法:采用乙酸乙酯超声提取方法制备样品。以乙腈-水-乙酸(51:48:0.1)为流动相,在波长225 nm处检测。结果:吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱得到最优化的分离效果,其平均回收率分别为98.5%和96.0%,实际样品的检测结果令人满意。结论:本法简单、快速、准确、可靠,适用于吴茱萸药材的质量控制,     

吴茱萸中生物碱成分的研究新进展(1985～1997年)

本文对１９８５－１９９７年吴茱萸的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用、分析方法的研究概况进行综述。     

小粒吴茱萸的化学成分研究

从中药小粒吴茱萸(石虎)Evpdia rutaecarpa var．officinalis的近成熟果实中分离得到15个成分,分别为吴茱萸碱(evodiamine,1),吴茱萸次碱(rutaecarpine,2),羟基吴茱萸碱(hydroxyevodiamine,3),14-甲酰基二氢吴茱萸次碱(14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine,4),吴茱萸酰胺(evodiamide,5),吴茱萸酰胺-Ⅰ(goshuyuamide-Ⅰ,6),二氢吴茱萸新碱(dihydroevocarpine,7),茵芋碱(skimmianine,8),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖甙(quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside,9),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖甙(isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside,10);rutaevine(11);β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,12),胡萝卜甙(daucosterol,13);棕榈酸(palmaticacid,14),硬脂酸(stearicacid,15)。除了化合物1,2,3,7,11外,其余的10个化合物均是首次从该植物中得到。     

STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECRETORY CELLS AND DUCT SYSTEM IN MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA (L.) C. A. AGARDH1

Sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. A. Agardh of various stages of growth were studied by light microscopy to determine the initiation and ontogeny of secretory cells and the accompanying duct system. Secretory cells are initiated by asymmetric, periclinal divisions of meristoderm cells; subsequent mitoses increase the number of secretory cells associated with each duct. Duct formation occurs by schizogeny of anticlinal cell walls adjacent to the site of secretory cell initiation. Differences in distribution and structure of the duct system occur in various parts of the sporophyte. The duct system does not have openings directly to the sporophyte surface. Histochemical techniques showed that the duct contents are mostly sulfated polysaccharides with perhaps some lipid.     

SECRETORY CAVITY DEVELOPMENT IN GLANDULAR TRICHOMES OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. (CANNABACEAE)

Development of the secretory cavity and formation of the subcuticular wall of glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa L. was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The secretory cavity originated at the wall-cuticle interface in the peripheral wall of the discoid secretory cells. During the presecretory phase in development of the glandular trichome, the peripheral wall of the disc cells became laminated into a dense inner zone adjacent to the plasma membrane and a less dense outer zone subjacent to the cuticle. Loosening of wall matrix in the outer zone initiated a secretory cavity among fibrous wall materials. Membrane-bound hyaline areas, compressed in shape, arose in the wall matrix. They appeared first in the outer and subsequently in the inner zone of the wall. The membrane of the vesicles, and associated dense particles attached to the membrane, arose from the wall matrix. Hyaline areas, often with a conspicuous electron-dense content, were released into the secretory cavity where they formed rounded secretory vesicles. Fibrous wall material released from the surface of the disc cells became distributed throughout the secretory cavity among the numerous secretory vesicles. This wall material was incorporated into the developing subcuticular wall that increased five-fold in thickness during enlargement of the secretory cavity. The presence of a subcuticular wall in the cavity of Cannabis trichomes, as contrasted to the absence of this wall in described trichomes of other plants, supports a polyphyletic interpretation of the evolution of the secretory cavity in glandular trichomes among angiosperms.