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1.
The structure of the sensory organs situated on palps and chelicerae of the quill mite Syringophilopsis fringilla (Fritsch, 1958) was examined with the use of scanning and transmitting electron microscopy. The tarsal segment of the palps bears 8 sensilla of three types: two contact chemo-mechanoreceptor sensilla, a single chemoreceptor (olfactory) sensillum, and five tactile mechanoreceptor sensilla. All other sensilla situated on basal palpal segments and on cheliceral stylets are represented exclusively by tactile mechanoreceptors. A proprioceptor sensillum was revealed in the movable digit of chelicerae; the modified cilia of dendrites of 5 sensory neurons of this sensillum run inside the inner non-sclerotized core of the stylet and end at different levels in its apical part, attaching to electron-dense rods connected with a sclerotized sheath of the stylet. The authors assume that the proprioceptor sensillum of the stylet detects the strength of the pressure of the stylet of the movable digit on the quill wall during its piercing, and palpal sensilla determine the optimal place for this process. 相似文献
2.
A morphological investigation of Culicoides spp. biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Caribbean. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alison Blackwell 《Journal of vector ecology》2004,29(1):51-61
Features of the antennae, maxillary palps, and mouthparts of the females of seven species of Culicoides spp. biting midges collected from a montane rainforest site in Trinidad, West Indies, were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons were made with two British species, Culicoides impunctatus and Culicoides nubeculosus. Species-specific differences were demonstrated in the camber and pitch of mandibular teeth, the size and shape of the subapical labral sensilla, the size and depth of the palpal sensory pit, and the number and shape of heads of the palpal sensilla. Counts of sensilla coeloconica and palpal sensilla were suggested as being contributory features for the prediction of host preference, indicating that Culicoides darlingtonae, Culicoides glabellus, Culicoides insinuatus, Culicoides paraensis, and Culicoides pseudodiabolicus were probably mammalophilic species. The host preferences of Culicoides heliconiae and Culicoides flavivenula could not be determined accurately. 相似文献
3.
The sensilla located on the antennae and maxillary and labial palps of the larvae of 64 beetle species from 22 families were studied using electron microscopy. The larvae of beetles living in different habitats and having different trophic specializations possess a uniform structure of the sensory organs. They are composed of two groups of sensilla on the apical and subapical segments of the antennae, one apical group of sensilla on both maxillary and labial palps, and one or several digitiform sensilla on the lateral surface of the maxillary and, occasionally, labial palp. The external morphology of the sensory organs is adaptive and represents modifications of the initial type. Band-shaped sensilla or placoid sensilla, clearly different from the initial sensory organs, appear in some taxa as rare exceptions, while other groups display either partial reduction of the receptor organs (Gyrinidae) or reduction of the cuticular parts of the sensilla (Cantharidae). 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology》1998,27(4):273-289
The sensory structures present on the palps and legs of adult Argas persicus Oken (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) were studied by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The number, distribution, surface morphology and the fine structure of the prominent sensilla present on these appendages were determined. The palps have 2 morphologically prominent types of sensilla: one with a grooved surface of the hair and the other having a non-grooved hair. The TEM distinguishes at least 4 prominent subtypes in grooved sensilla with single or double lumina and dendrites occupying the periphery of the central lumen or distributed all over the central lumen. Amongst the sensilla with non-grooved hair-shaft, a rare type of Olfactory Mechanoreceptive (OM) sensillum was found on the palps and the first legs of A. persicus. At the base of the hair-shaft, the OM sensillum has 2 mechanosensory dendrites. The hair-shaft of the sensillum has a porous cuticle, characteristic of an olfactory sensillum. The lumen of the hair-shaft is invested with branching dendrites from 3–8 neurons, which are surrounded by 4 sheath cells. The sensilla on the legs, including those present in the Hallers organ, are of at least 3 prominent categories. (i) Single wall with un-innervated hair-shaft. (ii) Single wall, multiporous sensillum with dendrites present in the hair shaft. (iii) Double walls with spoke channels and dendrites present in the central lumen. Sensory projections from the crown of sensilla located on the distal end of the palp extend to the palpal and suboesophageal (SOG) ganglia. Projections in the SOG extend further to the contralateral side. Sensilla in the Hallers organ project to the first pedal ganglion and to the anterodorsal region of supraoesophageal ganglion. As expected, the primary sensory projections from the sensilla of the other 3 legs extend to the respective pedal ganglia. 相似文献
5.
Sensillae of the tarsal receptor complex, palpal organ, and body chaetom were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy in three endoparasitic gamasid mites: Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum, Rh. subrhinolethrum and Ptilonyssus motacillae, the parasites of Anser albifrons, Anas crecca, and Motacilla alba, respectively. In the tarsal sensory complex, the scale of reduction of the olfactory sensilla reflects the adaptation of gamasid mites to cavernous parasitism. The topography of this sensilla is specific at generic and species taxonomic levels. In the palpal sensory organ, the number and scale of reduction of two main sensilla types depend on peculiarities of places of blood-sucking. 相似文献
6.
Mouthparts are closely associated with the feeding behavior and feeding habits of insects. The features of mouthparts frequently provide important traits for evolutionary biologists and systematists. The short-faced scorpionflies (Panorpodidae) are distinctly different from other families of Mecoptera by their extremely short rostrum. However, their feeding habits are largely unknown so far. In this study, the mouthpart morphology of Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong et al., 2011 was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and histological techniques. The mandibulate mouthparts are situated at the tip of the short rostrum. The clypeus and labrum are short and lack distinct demarcation between them. The epipharynx is furnished with sublateral and median sensilla patches. The blade-shaped mandibles are sclerotized and symmetrical, bearing apical teeth and serrate inner margins. The maxilla and labium retain the structures of the typical pattern of biting insects. The hirsute galea, triangular pyramid-shaped lacinia, and labial palps are described in detail at ultrastructural level for the first time. Abundant sensilla are distributed on the surface of maxillary and labial palps. The sexual dimorphism of mouthparts is found in Panorpodes for the first time, mainly exhibiting on the emargination of the labrum and apical teeth of mandibles. Based on the features of mouthparts, the potential feeding strategy and feeding mechanism are briefly discussed in Panorpodes. 相似文献
7.
The maxillary palps of the blowfly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy are shown to bear, in addition to long mechanoreceptive hairs, small sensilla basiconica ccontaining three neurons. The electrical responses obtained with a simple qualitative olfactometer indicate an olfactory function. The palpal sensilla showed high sensitivity to cycloheptanon, whereas the antennal organs were more strongly stimulated by heptylalcohol, which indicates the presence of carrion receptors. 相似文献
8.
【目的】明确小菜蛾Plutella xylostella成虫下唇须感器的形态结构及感器神经元的投射。【方法】利用光学显微镜观察和扫描电子显微镜观察下唇须结构和感器类型,利用神经回填技术和激光共聚焦显微镜观察下唇须感器神经元在脑部的投射。【结果】小菜蛾成虫下唇须共3节,其上存在Böhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、鳞形感器、锥形感器、微毛形感器5种不同类型的感器和一个陷窝器结构。Böhm氏鬃毛短小尖细,钟形感器形如顶部凹陷的圆帽,两种感器均分布于下唇须第1节,且大小上均无雌雄二型差异;鳞形感器形同柳叶,锥形感器粗而直,均散生于下唇须的第2和3节,两种感器在大小上均存在雌雄二型差异,其中雌性的鳞形感器显著大于雄性的,根据其雌雄二型差异现象推测雌蛾的鳞形感器可能与感受寄主植物挥发物有关;下唇须第3节中上部具有一个圆形陷窝器结构,雄虫的陷窝器内径为5.68±0.33μm,雌虫的为6.03±0.23μm,雌雄间无显著性差异;凹坑内长有表面光滑的微毛形感器。小菜蛾下唇须感器神经元主要投射于脑部咽下神经节、每个触角叶的下唇须陷窝器神经纤维球和腹神经索3条通路。【结论】阐明了小菜蛾下唇须感器的类型、分布和形态特征及其感器神经元在脑部的投射形态,为深入了解小菜蛾下唇须感器的生理和功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
Leonovich SA 《Parazitologiia》2008,42(4):271-279
The main complication sensory organs (the palpal organ and the tarsal sensory complex) of several species of gamasid mites were studied in scanning electron microscope. The species examined included permanent ectoparasites (Laelaps agilis, Laelaptidae), parasites of the nasal cavity and respiratory tract of birds (Sternostoma tracheocolum and Ptilonyssus reguli, Rhinonyssidae), dwellers of the sea littoral zone (Parasitus kempersi, Parasitus immanis, Parasitidae), and mites found on soil and on plants (Amblyseius barkeri, Parasitidae). Similar sensillar types, including olfactory SW-WP sensilla, contact chemo-mechanosensory (SW-UP and DW-UP) sensilla, termo-chemo-mechanosensitive (DW-WP) sensilla of two types, and tactile (NP) sensilla were found in all these species, excluding endoparasites, where some sensillar types (in particular, DW-WP sensilla with slit-like pores) are absent. It was shown that the topography of olfactory SW-WP sensilla of the tarsal complex reflects taxonomic position and phylogenetic history of mite genera, whereas the number of certain sensillar types and the degree of their development reflect ecological specialization of species. The palpal organ is characterized by rather uniform structure in mites of different families, dwellers of different environments, except for the endoparasites of the family Rhinonyssidae, where this organ is strongly reduced. 相似文献
10.
Five types of sensilla are situated on the apical area of the labial and maxillary palpi and galea of Cicidela sexguttata. Large, conical, and peg-like sensilla are in rows on the central region of each palpus. These sensilla have a hollow cuticular peg, with an apical pore and multi-innervation. This central region of palpal sensilla is surrounded by campaniform sensilla that are disc-shaped and small conical peg sensilla. A similar type of conical sensillum as the found in the palpal central region is situated around the periphery of the palpal apex and apex of the galea. This conical peg sensillum is located in a shallow depression and is structurally similar to the other peg sensilla, but it has a mechanoreceptor neuron attached to the cuticular base of the sensillum. A long, single, trichoid sensillum is situated in the center of the galea and is hollow, thick-walled, porous, and multi-innervated. The apices of the palpi and galea have a large number of dermal gland openings that actively secrete a substance during the feeding process of the tiger beetle. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
11.
Most species of Staphylinidae are predators in an agroecosystem. They acquire prey information from their environment through receptors. In this study, the sensilla on maxillary and labial palps of Philonthus kailiensis, Philonthus lewisius and Quedius robustus were examined with scanning electron microscopy to identify and analyse the external morphology and distribution of the sensilla to enhance our knowledge of the sensilla of Staphylinidae and provide a rationale of taxonomical studies on the two genus. Results showed that the sensilla are classified into six types: Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, sensilla furcate, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla placodea and sensilla basiconica. No sexual dimorphism exists among the three species. The relationships and functions of sensilla on maxillary and labial palps were also speculated. There may be a certain correlation between the sensilla on maxillary and labial palps of the staphylinid and its habitat. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Asia》2020,23(4):1165-1180
Drosophila suzukii is a serious horticultural and quarantine pest, damaging various berry crops. Although the active use of olfactory communication in D. suzukii is well-known, their olfactory sensory system has not been comprehensively reported. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the morphology, distribution and ultrastructure of olfactory sensilla present in the antennae and maxillary palps of D. suzukii, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The olfactory sensilla on the antennae of D. suzukii in both sexes could be classified into three major morphological types, basiconic, trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, according to their shapes. The antennal basiconic sensilla were further divided into three subtypes and the antennal trichoid sensilla into two subtypes, respectively, according to the size of individual sensillum. In contrast to the antennal olfactory sensilla showing diverse morphology, basiconic sensilla was the only type of olfactory sensilla in the maxillary palps of D. suzukii. The basiconic sensilla in the maxillary palps could be further classified into three subtypes, based on their size. Our SEM and TEM observations indicated that multiple nanoscale pores are present on the surface of all types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, except coeloconic sensilla. The difference in the morphological types and the distribution of olfactory sensilla suggests that their olfactory functions are different between antennae and maxillary palps in D. suzukii. The results of this study provide useful information for further studies to determine the function of olfactory sensilla in D. suzukii and to understand their chemical communication system. 相似文献
13.
Microstructure and distribution of sensilla were studied in 25 species of caddisflies of the family Rhyacophilidae for the first time. Comparative analysis allowed 13 sensilla types to be identified in members of this family: long grooved trichoid, curved trichoid, chaetoid, mushroom-like pseudoplacoid, forked pseudoplacoid, leaf-like pseudoplacoid, dissected pseudoplacoid, multiforked pseudoplacoid, styloconic, auricillic, coronal, basiconic sensilla, and Böhm’s bristles. The largest variations were found in the pseudoplacoid sensilla. Dissected, leaflike, auricillic, and multiforked sensilla were discovered in the order Trichoptera for the first time. Curved trichoid sensilla can be grouped or assembled into sensory fields. The total number of sensilla per antennal segment decreases towards the antenna apex. Data on the structural diversity of sensilla in groups of fast-evolving species suggest the participation of sensilla structures in the speciation processes. 相似文献
14.
Comparative morphology of sensilla on antenna,maxillary palp and labial palp of larvae of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Olivier) and E. brandti (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Olivier) and E. brandti (Harold) are two wood boring pests of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven) and the variety Ailanthus altissima var. Qiantouchun. These beetles attack healthy trees and bore into roots and trunks during the larval stage. We studied the typology, distribution and morphostructure of the sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps and labial palps of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti larvae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the following: (i) the antennae of the two weevil larvae had two types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica (S.b.1 and S.b.2) and sensilla twig basiconica (S.tb.1‐S.tb.3), with S.tb.4 observed only on the antennae of E. brandti larvae; (ii) the maxillary palps had three types of sensilla, S.b.2, S.tb. (S.tb.2, S.tb.3 and S.tb.5) and digitiform sensilla; (iii) the labial palps had two types of sensilla, S.b.2 and S.tb. (S.tb.2, S.tb.3 and S.tb.5); (iv) the quantity and distribution of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps and labial palps remained constant between E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti larvae; and (v) sensilla basiconica had distinct sidewall pores, an apical pore was observed on sensilla twig basiconica, and digitiform sensilla were oval in shape, with a distinct apical pore. Based on the microstructure of the cuticle wall and dendrite, we hypothesized that these sensilla functioned as olfactory, gustatory and hygro‐/thermo‐receptors, respectively. We discuss the relationships among types of sensilla and the types of damage caused by the larvae inside the host tree to understand olfactory and gustatory receptor mechanisms. The results of this study will provide a firm basis for future electrophysiological studies. 相似文献
15.
Ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of Chlorophorus caragana (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
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Yan‐Ru Zhang Li‐Li Ren Lu Zhang Rong Wang Yang Yu Peng‐Fei Lu You‐Qing Luo 《Journal of morphology》2018,279(5):574-588
Chlorophorus caragana is a species of long‐horned beetle that damages Caragana davazamcii Sancz. (Fabales: Papilionaceae) bushes in desert areas in China. The beetles cause substantial damage to local forestry plantations and the environment. Sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of coleopterans a allow the insects to recognize their host plants. We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the ultrastructure, distribution, and abundance of various sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of C. caragana. We found four types of sensilla including ten subtypes: one of Böhm's bristles, three of sensilla chaetica, one of digitiform sensilla, and five of sensilla twig basiconica. The types and distribution of the sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps were highly similar between males and females. Finally, this article discusses the functions of the sensilla of related species in recognizing hosts and the significance of gustation studies in the context of the control of C. caragana. 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology》1988,17(2):121-133
Antennae and maxillary palps of both sexes of the Sheep Head fly Hydrotaea irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy to describe the types, morphology, and distribution of olfactory sensory structures. Only socketed bristles and microtrichia were found on the scape of the antennae. These structures were also observed on the pedicel together with a group of 7–8 as yet undescribed sensilla, whose function is unknown. Olfactory sensilla were not found on these 2 segments or on the arista. Large numbers of olfactory sensilla and microtrichia were present on the funiculus. The former included sensilla trichodea (thick-walled, multiporous sensilla), sensilla styloconica and 6 types of sensilla basiconica (thin-walled, multiporous sensilla), 4 of which occurred individually and 2 of which were found in groups. An olfactory pit containing groups of thin-walled multiporous sensilla was located on the dorsomedian side of the funiculus. All sensilla basiconica were classified on morphological characteristics. The maxillary palps were covered with microtrichia and socketed bristles, but only 1 type of olfactory sensillum was found. This was a type of sensillum basiconicum that differed from any of those found on the antennae. No differences were found in sensilla diversity and distribution between males and females. 相似文献
17.
Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
《Revista Brasileira de Entomologia》2019,63(2):141-148
Insects have several types of sensilla, the characterization of which has been fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of sensory perception in different species. This study aimed to describe the ultrastructure of the sensilla present on the antennae of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), an important pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops, as well as their possible variation between sexes. To do this, the antennae of males and females of A. argillacea were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Sensilla morphometry was assessed using photomicrographs, from which the lengths and basal and apical diameters of sensilla were measured using the ImageJ program. Seven types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of A. argillacea: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla Böhm bristles. Differences between the sensilla of males and females were found in their lengths and basal diameters in the distal and proximal regions. This suggests that sensilla functionality may not only vary from one species to another, but also between sexes within the same species. Thus, further transmission electron microscopy and single sensillum recording studies may provide more detailed information on the sensilla of A. argillacea and their functions. 相似文献
18.
《International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology》1981,10(5-6):425-439
The aim of our study is to describe the mouthparts of Micropterix calthella (Lepidoptera) and their sensilla by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The imaginal mouthparts are primitive. They are well adapted for collecting and grinding pollen of Ranunculus flowers. The maxillary palps show specialized structures for collecting pollen: mushroom-shaped hairs and blade-like structures. The brushes on the epipharynx, the teeth on the mandibles and the triturating basket on the hypopharynx grind the pollen to powder before absorption.Sensilla of different types have been observed on the mouthparts. The labrum, galeae, laciniae, and labial palps possess sensilla chaetica. Epipharynx, galeae, laciniae, and hypopharynx show sensilla basiconica. Sensilla trichoidea have been observed on the laciniae and sensilla campaniformia on the maxillary palps and the hypopharynx. At the top of each maxillary palp is a perforated area of unknown function. Two cavities are present at the distal extremity of each labial palp: one with sensilla coeloconica and the other with a perforated heart-shaped organ. The mushroom-shaped hairs, the blade-like structures, and the perforated heart-shaped organs have not yet been described in other insects. 相似文献
19.
Hyun‐Woo Oh Seon Ah Jeong Jiae Kim Kye Chung Park 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2019,101(4)
The morphology and ultrastructure of the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their responses to five volatile compounds were measured using electroantenogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) techniques in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki; Diptera: Tephritidae). Male and female B. depressa displayed distinct morphological types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, with predominant populations of trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla. Basiconic sensilla, the most abundant type of olfactory sensilla in the antennae, could be further classified into two different types. In contrast, the maxillary palps exhibited predominant populations of a single type of curved basiconic sensilla. High‐resolution SEM observation revealed the presence of multiple nanoscale wall‐pores on the cuticular surface of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, indicating that their primary function is olfactory. In contrast, coeloconic sensilla displayed several longitudinal grooves around the sensillum peg. The TEM observation of individual antennal olfactory sensilla indicates that the basiconic sensilla are thin‐walled, while the trichoid sensilla are thick‐walled. The profile of EAG responses of male B. depressa was different from their EPG response profile, indicating that the olfactory function of maxillary palps is different from that of antennae in this species. The structural and functional variation in the olfactory sensilla between antennae and maxillary palps suggests that each plays an independent role in the perception of olfactory signals in B. depressa. 相似文献
20.
Anita Giglio Enrico A. Ferrero Enrico Perrotta Sandro Tripepi Tullia Zetto Brandmayr 《Zoologischer Anzeiger》2003,242(3):277-292
Labial and maxillary palps in 22 species of ground beetle larvae revealed the presence of four different types of sensilla: sensilla digitiformia, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla basiconica and sensilla chaetica. Using transmission electron microscopy techniques, the role of most of them was defined: sensilla campaniformia and sensilla chaetica are mechanoreceptors; while sensilla basiconica are chemoreceptors. Sensilla digitiformia can be both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, though hygroreception may also be postulated on the basis of their abundance on the mouthparts of some hygrophilous species that depend on damp or wet patchy biotopes/seasons. The number and location of the sensory structures has been found to vary among the investigated taxa. The differences are related to the larval behavioural types, and are an adaptive response to different lifestyles, feeding habits and use of space. 相似文献