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黄河、长江流域棉区棉花抗病品种的AFLP分析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
选取黄河流域棉区的72个抗病品种和长江流域棉区的29个抗病品种,利用AFLP技术对其进行了遗传多样性分析。结果20对具有多态性的AFLP引物组合在黄河流域棉区的72个品种和长江流域棉区的29个品种上分别扩增出200条和127条多态性带,利用SPSS(11.0)软件计算得到品种之间的平均欧氏距离为4.356(黄河流域棉区)和4.391(长江流域棉区)。在阈值取15.2时,可以将黄河流域棉区的72个品种划分为4个类群(the Huanghe valley groups,abbreviate HVGs),即HVG1、HVG2、HVG3和HVG4,分别包括27、19、10和16个品种;长江流域棉区的29个品种被划分为4个类群(the Changjiang valley groups,CVGs),即CVG1、CVG2、CVG3和CVG4,分别包括14、4、5、和6个品种。通过比较两棉区品种成对欧式距离的最大值、最小值、平均值及成对欧氏距离的区间分布和累积百分率,表明来自黄河、长江流域两棉区的品种遗传多样性水平相近。 相似文献
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我国棉花抗枯黄萎病品种纤维品质遗传改良评价 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
对我国108个抗枯、黄萎病骨干品种的纤维品质进行了分析,整体表现纤维较长,27mm以下的品种较少;比强度平均值较低,但也有少数高强力品种;马克隆值较大,纤维较粗.20世纪60-90年代抗病育种对纤维品质未明显改进,纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值平均值均无显著增长;但纤维长度类型更加丰富,纤维长度最大值有所增加,最高强力品种的比强度值逐渐提高,90年代品种中有较细纤维类型.从中筛选出纤维长度在33mm以上,比强度在33.2cN/tex以上,纤维整齐度在87.1%以上,马克隆值在3.8~4.3之间的品种各10个,筛选出纤维品质指标综合优良的品种9个. 相似文献
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棉花枯黄萎病及其抗性鉴定技术 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
吴征彬 《植物遗传资源科学》2000,1(4):47-51
棉花枯黄萎病是我国最主要的棉花病害,种植抗病品种是有效的防治方法。抗病鉴定是棉花抗病育种的关键技术之一。人工病圃鉴定是棉花抗病鉴定的主要方法,相对抗性指数(IR)或相对抗病效果(ER)最适合作为抗病鉴定指标,根据棉花的抗病程度可将棉花的抗病水平分为免疫、高抗、抗病、耐病和感病5级。 相似文献
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棉花抗枯、黄萎病品种苗期耐低钾种质筛选研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究采用蛭石栽培和营养液浇灌的方法,确立棉花品种苗期耐低钾筛选指标,利用这些指标,评价我国88个抗枯、黄萎病棉花品种资源苗期耐低钾能力,并筛选钾素利用率高的优异种质。结果表明,株高、地上部干物重、地下部干物重、总干物重、钾利用率、叶绿素含量在不同钾浓度处理和不同品种之间均存在显著差异,可以作为棉花苗期耐低钾能力的评价指标,而叶面积在不同品种和不同钾浓度处理之间不存在差异。利用筛选出的指标对88个品种进行耐低钾评价,结果供试品种主要被分为耐低钾基因型、耐低钾中间类型和非耐低钾基因型3类,分别包括21个、58个和6个品种。 相似文献
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为探究外源褪黑素对棉花抗枯萎病的影响及作用机理,以海岛棉新海14号为材料,于叶面喷施不同浓度褪黑素(0、10、25、50、75、100 μmol/L)后接种棉花枯萎病菌,对枯萎病菌侵染后棉花幼苗进行抗病性鉴定、抗病相关酶活性及基因表达分析。结果表明,外源褪黑素对棉花枯萎病菌的生长无抑制作用,10-100 μmol/L褪黑素均能在一定程度上提高棉花对枯萎病的抗性,其中50 μmol/L褪黑素处理效果最好。与对照相比,50 μmol/L褪黑素预处理能有效减少接菌后棉花叶片中的过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和超氧阴离子(O2·-)的产生速率,增强过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、几丁质酶(CHT)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(GLU)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,并显著提高木质素代谢途径相关基因(GbPAL、Gb4CL和GbCAD)和类黄酮代谢途径关键基因(GbCHI、GbDFR和GbTT7)的表达量。表明50 μmol/L 的褪黑素处理能提高接菌后棉花抗氧化能力,增强防御酶活性,调控木质素、类黄酮代谢途径相关基因的表达,从而提高棉花对枯萎病的抗性。 相似文献
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儿茶素对棉枯萎病菌胞壁降解酶的抑制及在棉花抗病性中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在含有儿茶素的培养液中枯萎病毒(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.vasinfectum)的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和果胶裂解酶(PL)活性明显长低。儿素可则明显抑制初步化的PG和PL活性以及它们对棉苗组织的浸软作用,对棉苗组织中儿茶素含量的测定结果表明:抗病品种棉苗组织中儿茶素较高;氟乐灵处理可诱发棉苗产生对枯萎病的诱导抗性,同时也提高棉苗组织中的儿茶素的含量;枯萎病菌侵染后棉苗组织中 相似文献
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棉花与番茄抗棉花黄萎病不依赖于Ve1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄萎病是我国棉花的主要病害之一,发掘抗病基因和阐明抗病机制是开展棉花抗病分子育种的基础.本研究将目前唯一的植物抗黄萎病主效基因Ve1分别在本氏烟和陆地棉中超量表达,以探讨其在防控棉花黄萎病中的价值.研究发现,Ve1基因在本氏烟中超量表达后并未对番茄大丽轮枝菌2个生理小种和棉花黄萎病菌产生明显抗性.RT-PCR分析表明,Ve1并不能激活烟草抗病相关基因的表达,推测本氏烟中可能不存在完整的Ve1介导的抗黄萎病信号路径.Ve1超量表达的转基因棉花接种棉花黄萎病菌"V991"后表现出与本氏烟类似的结果,同时发现,陆地棉对番茄大丽轮枝菌1号生理小种表现出高抗性.利用番茄抗/感黄萎病近等基因系"Craigella GCR218"/"Craigella GCR26"进一步研究发现,2个番茄材料均对棉花落叶型强致病力黄萎病菌"V991"免疫,这暗示番茄对棉花黄萎病菌的抗性不依赖于Ve1.分子鉴定表明,棉花黄萎病菌与番茄大丽轮枝菌1号和2号生理小种存在明显区别,番茄大丽轮枝菌1号和2号生理小种均属于非落叶型黄萎病菌.本研究中鉴定的棉花黄萎病菌均不含有ave1基因,这可能是在棉花中超量表达Ve1并不能增强其棉花黄萎病菌抗性的直接原因.通过病毒介导的基因沉默,在抑制GbSERK1的表达后能显著削弱海岛棉对黄萎病菌的抗性,证实"海7124"中存在类似于Ve1的下游抗病信号路径.本研究还对棉花类受体蛋白的进化以及Ve1抗病信号路径在棉花抗黄萎病机制研究中的价值进行了探讨. 相似文献
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对我国引进和育成的52个抗枯、黄萎病品种的系谱及其对产量性状的影响进行分析,结果表明岱字棉与斯字棉血统在52个品种中占有较大的比例,其次是福字棉,而其他品种的血统较少。根据几个主要种质在不同品种中所占的比例进行聚类分析,可将52个品种分为4类。系谱组成不同对品种产量性状具有一定的影响,尤其对单铃重和子指影响较大。含有较大比例岱字棉血统的第一类品种单铃重明显高于含有较小比例岱字棉血统和部分斯字棉血统的第二类品种;第一类品种的子指也明显高于第二类品种和含有较大比例斯字棉血统的第四类品种。 相似文献
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海岛棉品种抗黄萎病基因SSR标记的验证及克隆 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以陆地棉与海岛棉杂交组合中棉所8号×Pima90-53 F2群体的100个单株和邯208×Pima90-53 F2的131个单株为材料,在条件可控的培养室鉴定抗病性,进行海岛棉黄萎病抗性基因连锁SSR标记(BNL3255-208)分析,进一步检验该标记的应用价值,并对该标记进行克隆、测序。结果表明,2个组合的F2群体中抗病、感病植株比例经x2c适合性测验均符合3∶1分离比例;中棉所8号×Pima90-53 F2的79个抗病单株中有70株检测出BNL3255-208标记,抗病单株中有该标记的百分率为88.6%,邯208×Pima90-53 F2的100个抗病单株中有85株检测出BNL3255-208标记,抗病单株中有该标记的百分率为85.0%。通过回收BNL3255-208片段,并进行克隆和测序,表明该标记是一条长211bp、含10次TG重复的片段,该标记为辅助选育抗病品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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陆地棉品种抗黄萎病反应规律的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
张桂寅 《植物遗传资源学报》2012,13(6):958-962
对我国自育的108个陆地棉品种的抗黄萎病性进行了研究。在黄萎病发病期内,对黄萎病发病情况进行连续调查,测定产量、考查产量因素并检测纤维品质。利用因子分析法对陆地棉抗黄萎病反应规律进行分析,得出不同时期的黄萎病病指主要与前后3~5个阶段抗病性有关。病情发展主要由4个主因子决定,且第1、2主因子具有较大的方差贡献率。第1主因子(F1)主要与品种7月26日至8月9日的黄萎病病指有关,第2主因子(F2)主要与品种8月20日至9月4日的黄萎病病指有关。利用因子分析结果将108个品种划分为4个类型,前期抗病性较好而后期发病较快的第Ⅰ类品种,其产量较低,单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分均低于其他3类;纤维品质均较差,纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和马克隆值均较其他3类差。前期和后期病指均较低、发病缓慢的第Ⅱ类则小区产量最高,纤维品质处于平均水平。第Ⅲ类品种前期发病较慢,中期发病较快,具有较高的小区产量,单铃重最高;纤维整齐度、比强度和伸长率好于其他3类品种;前期发病较快,中期发病平缓,后期仍具有较高病指的为第Ⅳ类品种,小区产量较低,单株产量、单株结铃数和衣分较高;其他性状处于中等水平。但研究表明,某一阶段具有的抗病性并不能完全代表品种的抗病性。 相似文献
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细胞壁羟脯氨酸和游离脯氨酸与棉花对枯萎病抗性的关系 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
氟乐灵处理能推迟棉苗枯萎病症状的出现、降低发病株率和病情指数,说明氟乐灵处理能提高棉酋对枯萎病的抗性。在健康棉苗中,抗病品种(中棉12)细胞壁结合的羟脯氨酸含量显著高于感病品种(6037),但游离脯氨酸含量无明显差异。在氟乐灵处理和未处理而接种棉枯萎病菌的两个处理中,两个品种的细胞壁结合的羟脯氨酸和游离脯氨酸含量均高于各自的健康株对照,而且抗病品种中的含量都高于感病品种,说明细胞壁结合的羟脯氨酸和游禹脯氨酸的积累是氟乐灵诱发的抗病性表现及棉苗受枯萎病菌侵染后抗性反应的生化机制之一。 相似文献
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B. L. Bournival C. E. Vallejos J. W. Scott 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1990,79(5):641-645
Summary Resistance to race 3 of Fusarium wilt in the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii (LA 716) was previously found to be controlled by one major locus, I-3, tightly linked to Got-2 on chromosome 7. This accession was also found to carry resistance to races 1 and 2; a genetic analysis of these resistances is reported in this paper. This analysis proceeded in two steps. First, allelism tests demonstrated that race 1 and 2 resistances carried by L. pennellii were not allelic to the I and I-2 genes originally incorporated into L. esculentum from L. pimpinellifolium. Second, an interspecific backcross with L. pennellii (BC1) was used to determine the mode of inheritance of these new resistances and their chromosomal location by segregation and linkage analysis. BC1 responses to each of the races were determined using progeny tests (BC1S1). BC1S1 plants were inoculated with race 1 or 2 and evaluated after 1 month using a visual disease rating system; mean disease ratings were calculated for each BC1 individual for each race based on the progeny scores. A bimodal frequency distribution of the BC1 mean disease ratings was observed for both races, indicating that one major locus controlled resistance in each case. Statistical comparisons of the mean disease ratings of homozygous versus heterozygous individuals at each of 17 segregating enzyme loci were used to map the resistances to races 1 and 2. Tight linkage was detected between the enzyme locus Got-2 and resistances to both races, as was previously reported for the I-3 locus. Therefore, the Got-2 locus can be used as a selectable marker for resistances to all three races. The relationship of these resistances is discussed in the paper. In addition, as previously reported for race 3, significance was also detected for the chromosome segment marked by Aps-2 on chromosome 8 for both races. Currently many cultivars carry I and I-2 resistances to races 1 and 2. Incorporation of the LA 716 resistances to these two races into cultivars may reduce the likelihood of new race development.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. R-00205 相似文献
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Thirty maize hybrids grown in Hungary representing groups FAO 200–299, FAO 400–499 and FAO 500-were studied in order to obtain information about genotypic resistance to Fusarium moulds. The plants were grown on an experimental farm and were inoculated using the toothpick method with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum . In addition maize grain meals were also inoculated with isolates of moulds. Measurements were made of the mould-covered surface area of the ears 9 weeks after inoculation and of the zearalenone and T2-toxin content of the inoculated maize meals. Large differences among hybrids were observed for the mould-covered area of the ear surface (2.00–38.88%), the zearalenone content (4.20–71.20 mg/kg) and the T2-toxin content (1.60–122.50 mg/kg). Relatively poor correlation ( r =0.489) was found between the area of mould covering the ear surface and mycotoxin content of maize. Bearing in mind that the user of feed grain is interested in obtaining a feed with the lowest mycotoxin content, a new method of evaluation of hybrids which uses a toxin–mould index (TMI) was introduced. This index is calculated on the basis of both growth rate of moulds and their toxin-producing activity. Although a decreasing tendency in resistance of hybrids with a longer growing vegetation period could be observed, resistant genotypes were found in every FAO group, confirming the views that in addition to the influence of duration of the vegetation period on the resistance, genetic factors may also play a significant role. 相似文献
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During the September‐December season of 1990, severe symptoms of Fusarium wilt were for the first time observed on a popular climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. G 2333. introduced within the previous 5 years. Seventy‐three bean genotypes were screened for resistance lo the disease, using artificial inoculation. The effect of inoculation density on the reaction of four selected genotypes was also investigated. Of the 29 climbing bean genotypes evaluated, 19 were resistant, including 11 of the 15 pre‐release or released cultivars. Of the 44 bush bean cultivars evaluated, 28 were resistant, five were intermediate and 11 were susceptible. All susceptible cultivars showed vascular discoloration. In both susceptible and resistant genotypes, the fungus spread almost equally from the entry points in inoculated roots to the base of the plants, but colonization and vertical spread within the vascular system were markedly less in resistant than in susceptible cultivars. At 20 and 30 cm above soil level, the fungus was only recovered from susceptible cultivars. Increasing inoculum density from 102 to 107 conidia/ml did not affect the resistance of cultivars RWR 950 and G 685 but. in the susceptible cultivars G 2333 and MLB‐48‐89 A. it resulted in early appearance, high incidence and severity of the disease. 相似文献