ABR结合SBR法处理印染废水的研究

采用实验室规模的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)与序批式活性污泥曝气反应器(SBR)结合工艺处理印染废水。通过对ABR-SBR处理系统工艺条件的试验,在ABR段HRT为24~36 h,污泥负荷为0.43~2.46 kg COD/(m3.d),进水pH值为6.5~8.0,温度20℃~35℃;SBR段的溶解氧为2 mg/L,曝气时间为3~10 h,沉淀时间为2 h的条件下,经处理的印染工业废水COD、色度和苯胺去除率分别为32%~95%、89%~99%和50%~98%,其COD为30.0~97.1 mg/L,色度为8~40倍,苯胺浓度为0.20~0.95mg/L,达到了国家一级排放标准。     

ABR结合SBR法处理印染废水的研究*

采用实验室规模的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)与序批式活性污泥曝气反应器(SBR)结合工艺处理印染废水。通过对ABR-SBR处理系统工艺条件的试验,在ABR段HRT为24~36 h,污泥负荷为0.43~2.46 kg COD/(m³.d),进水pH值为6.5~8.0,温度20℃~35℃;SBR段的溶解氧为2 mg/L,曝气时间为3~10 h,沉淀时间为2 h的条件下,经处理的印染工业废水COD、色度和苯胺去除率分别为32%~95%、89%~99%和50%~98%,其COD为30.0~97     

草鱼肠道黏膜厌氧细菌的分离与鉴定

研究以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为实验对象, 运用厌氧培养的方法, 研究了饥饿状态下草鱼肠道黏膜固有微生物的类群及其在不同肠段的分布。实验结果显示草鱼前肠、中肠与后肠中细菌的数量分别是3.17×103、1.63×104和1.79×107 cfu/g。研究共分离到274株单菌落, 经16S rRNA鉴定, 分别属于拟杆菌属(Bacteroides spp.)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium spp.)、梭形杆菌属(Fusobacterium spp.)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas spp.)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella spp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus spp.)、泛菌属(Pantoea spp.)和柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter spp.)8个种类, 其中专性厌氧细菌的数量占9.1%, 兼性厌氧细菌的数量占90.9%。进一步分析发现, 前肠中只分离到兼性厌氧细菌, 中肠与后肠专性厌氧细菌和兼性厌氧细菌都有分布。专性厌氧细菌Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus和Bacteroides luti在中肠与后肠都有分布, 而Cetobacterium somerae和Fusobacterium ulcerans只在后肠有发现。兼性厌氧细菌是草鱼肠道黏膜的优势菌群, 其中嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila占73.7%。草鱼肠道不同部位固有厌氧微生物组成存在差异, 细菌数量也明显不同, 后肠中具有更高的细菌丰度和多样性。     

高效降解纤维素产甲烷菌群的富集及其性质研究

以获得1组高效降解纤维素的产甲烷菌群为目的,以蔬菜厌氧消化液、糖蜜厌氧消化液和池塘沉积物底泥为菌株来源,55℃条件下,以滤纸为碳源进行继代培养,检测其甲烷含量,最终获得1组有效分解纤维素的产甲烷菌群。该菌群能够有效分解滤纸,相对分解率可达67.3%,培养7 d甲烷累积产量可达46.5%(体积分数),培养第3天羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性最高值为26.3 U/mL。有机酸中乙酸产量最高,7 d累积量为2.7 g/L。基于16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序分析结果表明,细菌的多样性高于古菌。细菌菌群主要由Lutispora、好氧芽胞杆菌属(Aeribacillus)、解硫胺素杆菌属(Aneurinibacillus)、共生小杆菌属(Symbiobacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium)等组成,其中Lutispora为优势菌群,占细菌总丰度的11.04%。古菌菌群主要包括甲烷嗜热杆菌属(Methanothermobacter)、甲烷丝状菌属(Methanothrix)、甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)、甲烷螺菌(Methanospirillum)等,其中甲烷嗜热杆菌属为优势古菌菌群,占古菌总丰度的99.82%。这组高效降解纤维素的产甲烷菌群可通过多种微生物协同作用实现纤维素的降解和甲烷的产生。     

小试厌氧混合处理糖蜜酒精废液及不同阶段活性污泥中可培养微生物的群落结构分析

高活性且平衡的微生物群落结构是厌氧生化处理成功的关键。本研究将糖蜜酒精废水与猪粪水以COD比为3:2混合后,利用有工作积为20 L的IC厌氧反应器在自然温度(20~38℃)下进行厌氧发酵。在不添加任何营养元素以及缓冲物的条件下,最适进水负荷为3 200 mg/L,HRT为24 h,COD去除率最高约为80%,单日最高沼气产量为20.15 L。沼气产量与COD去除率呈正相关性。采用传统的分离培养法对发酵不同时期(启动期Q1,稳定期Q2,超负荷期Q3,调整期W1)的活性污泥中可培养菌进行分离纯化。通过比较发现4个阶段中好氧菌占主导地位的菌群分别为Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属)和Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)(Q1)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)(Q2)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)和Advenella(产碱菌科)(Q3)、Rhodococcus(红球菌属)(W1);而厌氧菌中占主导地位的为Clostridium(梭菌属),不同阶段的污泥中微生物群落在属水平上的种类与数量均有差异。     

模拟增温对青海湖湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌群落的影响

为探究全球气候变暖对青海湖湖滨湿地中甲烷氧化菌群落特征的影响,以青海湖湖滨湿地的鸟岛湿地观测站为研究对象,通过模拟增温实验设置开顶箱(open top chamber, OTC),利用高通量测序探究增温对湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌群落结构及多样性的影响。湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌群落的优势菌门是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(84.50%);增温对湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌群落的多样性指数没有显著差异影响(P>0.05),但对湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌的属水平群落结构有显著影响(P<0.05)。LEfSe分析表明,增温与自然处理之间共存在33个差异菌群;增温使优势菌群甲基球菌科(Methylococcaceae)的相对丰度增高;增温使属水平的优势菌群甲基球菌属(Methylococcus)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacter)、甲基单胞菌属(Methylomonas)的相对丰度升高,其中甲基单胞菌属的相对丰度显著升高,但硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和亚硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrosospira)相对丰度降低。湖滨湿地甲烷氧化菌群落功能基因组20个,其中大部分参与碳氮循环过程。整体而言,青...     

缓冲蛋白胨水前增菌对冷鲜鸡表面微生物变化的影响

缓冲蛋白胨水(Buffered peptone water,BPW)是常用于微生物分离培养的增菌液,为了解BPW增菌对微生物结构的影响,以冷鲜鸡污染微生物为研究对象,在杭州超市采集20只冷鲜鸡样品,分别用BPW增菌0、2、6、12、24 h,检测菌落总数的变化,分析不同增菌时间对沙门氏菌检出率的影响。并选择2只冷鲜鸡不同增菌时间的BPW增菌液,提取细菌基因组DNA,分别用DGGE分析和高通量测序分析其菌群结构变化。结果显示,菌落总数随增菌时间增加而增加,增菌6 h后极显著增加(P 0. 01),增菌24 h与其他时间差异极显著(P 0. 01);沙门氏菌检出率在BPW增菌的前0～12 h增加,随着增菌时间的延长而增加,其中增菌12 h阶段检出率最高,为40%,而在24 h时下降,为15%。DGGE结果显示,增菌0～12 h条带丰富,24 h条带减少,与增菌0～12 h的菌群结构有显著不同的聚类。高通量测序显示在门的水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是冷鲜鸡表面优势菌门,占85%以上;在BPW增菌24 h后,菌群结构发生较大变化,变形菌门相对丰度降低,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度增加。在属水平上,BPW增菌12 h以内,优势菌主要为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、希尔氏菌属(Shewanella)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter),而BPW增菌24 h后,在未增菌前,相对丰度较低消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)、漫游球菌属(Vagococcus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和摩根氏菌属(Morganella)成为主要的优势菌。由此说明BPW增菌时间对沙门氏菌的检出率、微生物数量和菌群结构有显著的影响,在前增菌时应选择合适的增菌时间。     

人工饲养恒河猴幼猴不同肠段微生物宏基因组学研究

目的以恒河猴幼猴为模型,采用16S rRNA宏基因组方法探讨十二指肠、盲肠、直肠的菌群组成。方法收集4例健康幼猴十二指肠、盲肠、直肠样本,提取细菌总DNA,采用新一代高通量测序技术对16S rRNA基因的V3-V4高变区测序,分析比较菌群结构及多样性。结果 (1)门水平各肠段微生物优势菌群主要为硬壁菌门、变形菌门及拟杆菌门,在各肠段中的占比总和超过88%;(2)属水平,十二指肠中以芽胞杆菌属等为优势菌属,盲肠中以螺杆菌属、颤杆菌属、孢杆菌属等为优势菌属,直肠中以乳酸菌属、链球菌属、颤杆菌属等为优势菌属;(3)各肠段微生物功能差异较大,十二指肠主要承担营养物质的消化吸收,盲肠主要承担细胞及遗传物质的合成,直肠主要承担调节机体免疫力、抗感染等功能。结论各肠段菌群组成差异较大;各肠段细菌功能差异较大,且与其生理功能有一定关联;在肠道菌群研究中,应充分考虑粪便样品微生物的组成是否能够完全代表肠道微生物的组成。     

柠檬酸废水IC反应器厌氧颗粒污泥真细菌结构分析

目的:分析柠檬酸工业废水IC厌氧反应器处理时产生的厌氧颗粒污泥中真细菌的菌群结构.方法:构建细菌的16S rDNA克隆文库,对文库中的16S rDNA基因序列进行测序,然后Blast比对,并进行分类、建系统发育树.结果:对获得的77个16S rDNA序列进行测序,按序列相似性≥97％的分类标准,这些序列可分为22个OTU,其中4个优势OTU分别与棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、消化球菌属(Peptococcus)、疣微菌属(Verrucomicrobia)最为相近,其余OTU的克隆数较少.颗粒污泥中的真细菌主要为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)以及δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)的细菌,分别占克隆总数的34/77、31/77、6/77、6/77.结论:该文研究了柠檬酸废水处理过程中产生的厌氧颗粒污泥中细菌的菌群组成和结构,为深入了解柠檬酸废水的厌氧处理过程提供了一定的理论借鉴作用.     

印度洋深海沉积物石油烃降解菌分离、鉴定与多样性分析

烃类物质在海洋环境中广泛分布,深海可能含有特殊的烃降解微生物。本研究通过对西南印度洋中脊与印度洋中部深海沉积物中石油降解菌的富集培养和分离鉴定,从6个站点的样品中共分离得到800株菌,通过BOX-PCR去重复菌株后,对其中183株菌进行了16S rRNA基因序列分析,发现这些菌分属于23个属;其中,γ-变形菌纲的食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)和放线菌纲的微杆菌属(Microbacterium)占优势。此外,还发现了食烷菌属2个潜在的新种、假海栖菌属(Pseudooceanicola)1个潜在新种。高通量测序结果证明,富集菌群中γ-变形菌纲是优势菌,主要包括食烷菌属、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)等。结合可培养菌与高通量测序结果,食烷菌属、盐单胞菌属、海杆菌属、交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)、海源菌属(Idiomarina)与微杆菌属(Microbacterium)是沉积物样品中常见的石油烃降解菌,迪茨氏菌属(Dietzia)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、赤杆菌属(Erythrobacter)与副球菌属(Paracoccus)等可能也参与了烃的降解。     

染料脱色菌的分子分类和有关基因与其脱色特性的关系

从印染废水处理系统中分离到12株具有不同脱色特性的细菌,比较分析这12株细菌的质粒携带情况、分子分类地位和黄素还原酶基因(fre)的拷贝数与其脱色特性之间的关系。结果发现,所分离到的这12株菌分别归属于希瓦氏菌属、克雷伯氏菌属、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属和苍白杆菌属。具有较广谱脱色能力的细菌在系统进化树上基本聚为一类,分别归属于希瓦氏菌属和气单胞菌属,其质粒携带率也较低。fre基因在不同菌属中的基因型存在很大的差异,仅仅采用一套引物无法对不同菌属中的fre基因进行有效的扩增。     

脱色细菌的分离和对偶氮染料的脱色研究

从印染废水中分离到8株对多种染料具有较好脱色效果的细菌,在所试验的10种染料中对其中大部分都有较好的脱色作用,尤其对三种酸性黑10B、酸性黑NG、直接湖蓝的脱色率最高;在各菌株最适条件下对这三种染料脱色率都能达到80%以上,其中有些菌株对直接湖蓝的脱色率达到100%。本实验研究了这8个菌株在不同的pH值、温度、需氧量条件下对这三种染料的脱色情况,并对有代表性的菌株脱色前后的化学需氧量(COD)值进行测定来判断染料的降解情况。     

Performance of combined process of anoxic baffled reactor-biological contact oxidation treating printing and dyeing wastewater

A study of the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater was carried out using the combined process of anoxic baffled reactor-biological contact oxidation. The results showed the pH ascended continuously and the oxidation-reduction potential dropped gradually from compartment 1-6 in ABR. When hydraulic retention time was 12h, color removal efficiency was 92% and the color of effluent of ABR could satisfy the professional emission standard (grade-1) of textile and dyeing industry of China. The total COD removal efficiency of the combined process was 86.6% and the COD of effluent could satisfy the professional emission standard (grade-2) of textile and dyeing industry of China.     

印染废水脱色菌的选育及其生态特性的研究

1 前言 印染工业是太湖地区小城镇的一大工业部门。随着乡镇企业的发展,印染废水排放量逐年增加,已成为严重污染区域水环境的重点污染源之一。近年国内外报道了利用微生物对印染废水进行脱色处理的可能性,为了多途径寻找适合于乡镇企业印染废水的经济、高效的生物处理技术,本研究针对目前印染废水生物处理中的菌种适应性和作用范围问题,选育出一批对多种染料有降解作用的“土著”脱色菌,并对     

Performance and characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor

The performance and the characteristics of a laboratory scale anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) were investigated using synthetic wastewater. The experimental results showed that among different volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate was the main intermediate of acidogenic degradation of glucose. The VFA concentration decreased longitudinally down the reactor. The analysis of the biogas composition revealed that methane concentration increased steadily from compartment 1 to 5, while hydrogen content decreased in the first compartments. There was no detectable hydrogen in the last two compartments. The methane-producing activity of anaerobic sludge in different compartments depended on the substrate, which suggests that the proper anaerobic consortium in each separate compartment was developed according to the substrate(s) availability and the specific environmental conditions. The ABR has the potential to provide a higher efficiency at higher loading rates and be applicable for extreme environmental conditions and inhibitory compounds.     

Degradation of aniline and monochloroanilines by Rhodococcus sp. An 117 and a pseudomonad: a comparative study

Two newly isolated aniline-degrading bacterial strains were characterized with regard to their enzyme systems responsible for aniline catabolism. One of them identified as a Rhodococcus sp. metabolized aniline exclusively via the beta-ketoadipate pathway by means of inducible enzymes. The aniline-degrading enzyme system of the second isolate, presumably a pseudomonad, was shown to consist of an inducible aniline-converting enzyme and constitutive meta-pathway enzymes. Both isolates failed to metabolize monochlorinated anilines in the absence of additional carbon sources. To explain this the ring-cleaving enzymes of both isolates were examined for their substrate specificities. Furthermore, the effect of 4-chlorocatechol on the enzymes catalyzing aniline conversion and catechol oxygenation was investigated.     

Biological improvement on combined mycelial pellet for aniline treatment by tourmaline in SBR process

As a biomass carrier, mycelial pellet of Aspergillus niger Y3 was used to immobilize the aniline-degrading bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus JH-9 and the mix culture of the COD rapid degrading bacteria in this study. Tourmaline was added to this system in order to improve the aniline removal performance using combined mycelial pellet. Flask experiments were performed to investigate the promotion mechanism. The results showed that the start-up time was shorted from 7 cycles to only 1 cycle. The aniline and COD concentration in effluent were much lower in the tourmaline-adding system. It was suggested that tourmaline could enhance the number and activity of the aniline-degrading bacteria immobilized on the mycelial pellet. Therefore, the performance of mycelial pellet as a biomass carrier could be improved by tourmaline.     

Evolved aniline catabolism in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during continuous culture of river water

Adaptation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from river water to aniline depends on the dynamics of parent and mutant populations. The parent, Acinetobacter strain DON26 phenotype Ani0, was common in river water and assimilated aniline effectively at micromolar concentrations, but was inhibited at higher concentrations of aniline. The Ani0 phenotype was also characterized by a broad specificity for oxidation of chloroanilines by aniline-induced cells. The mutant Ani+ phenotype was represented by DON2, isolated from a population of less than 100 cells ml-1 in a mixed river water culture, and by DON261, isolated during continuous culture of DON26. Ani+ strains assimilated aniline at a greater maximum specific rate than the parent and were able to grow at concentrations of aniline greater than 16 mM. These strains cooxidized phenol after growth at high aniline concentrations, but showed reduced activity toward chloroanilines. These changes plus kinetic data, oxygen uptake data, and the results of auxanography indicate that the mutant has an increased activity and altered specificity of the initial enzyme in the aniline catabolic pathway. The parent strain, DON26, was at a selective advantage relative to the mutant at low concentrations of aniline, but was replaced by the mutant when aniline concentrations increased. Adaptation of the mixed river water community to aniline involved selection of both phenotypes. Reversion of the Ani+ to Ani0 phenotype occurred at a frequency of 10(-2) in the absence of aniline selection. Plasmid content was not altered during either acquisition or loss of the Ani+ phenotype. Adaptive changes in Acinetobacter spp. populations illustrate important differences in the catabolic activities of natural and pollutant selected strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evolved aniline catabolism in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during continuous culture of river water.

Adaptation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from river water to aniline depends on the dynamics of parent and mutant populations. The parent, Acinetobacter strain DON26 phenotype Ani0, was common in river water and assimilated aniline effectively at micromolar concentrations, but was inhibited at higher concentrations of aniline. The Ani0 phenotype was also characterized by a broad specificity for oxidation of chloroanilines by aniline-induced cells. The mutant Ani+ phenotype was represented by DON2, isolated from a population of less than 100 cells ml-1 in a mixed river water culture, and by DON261, isolated during continuous culture of DON26. Ani+ strains assimilated aniline at a greater maximum specific rate than the parent and were able to grow at concentrations of aniline greater than 16 mM. These strains cooxidized phenol after growth at high aniline concentrations, but showed reduced activity toward chloroanilines. These changes plus kinetic data, oxygen uptake data, and the results of auxanography indicate that the mutant has an increased activity and altered specificity of the initial enzyme in the aniline catabolic pathway. The parent strain, DON26, was at a selective advantage relative to the mutant at low concentrations of aniline, but was replaced by the mutant when aniline concentrations increased. Adaptation of the mixed river water community to aniline involved selection of both phenotypes. Reversion of the Ani+ to Ani0 phenotype occurred at a frequency of 10(-2) in the absence of aniline selection. Plasmid content was not altered during either acquisition or loss of the Ani+ phenotype. Adaptive changes in Acinetobacter spp. populations illustrate important differences in the catabolic activities of natural and pollutant selected strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

大莲湖池杉林湿地土壤可培养细菌的分离与鉴定

采用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基培养,从大莲湖池杉林土壤中共分离得到20个菌落形态不同的菌株。通过对这些菌株的形态、培养特征、生理生化特征的研究以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定这些菌株分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、北里孢菌属(Kitasatosporia)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacte-rium)和丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)等9个属细菌。其中芽胞杆菌属和不动杆菌属细菌是优势菌,分离到的红球菌属、北里孢菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属和丛毛单胞菌属细菌在国内湿地土壤中报道较少。