Best Practice Guidelines in Pediatric/Adolescent Weight Loss Surgery

Objective: To establish evidence‐based guidelines for best practices in pediatric/adolescent weight loss surgery (WLS). Research Methods and Procedures: We carried out a systematic search of English‐language literature in MEDLINE on WLS performed on children and adolescents. Key words were used to narrow the field for a selective review of abstracts. Data were extracted, and evidence categories were assigned according to a grading system based on established evidence‐based models. Eight pertinent case series, published between 1980 and 2004, were identified and reviewed. These data were supplemented with expert opinions and literature on WLS in adults. Results: Recommendations focused on patient safety, reduction of medical errors, systems improvements, credentialing, and future research. We developed evidence‐based criteria for eligibility, assessment, treatment, and follow‐up; recommended surgical procedures based on the best available evidence; and established minimum guideline requirements for data collection. Discussion: Lack of adequate data and gaps in knowledge were cited as important reasons for caution. Physiological status, comprehensive screening of patients and their families, and required education and counseling were identified as key factors in assessing eligibility for surgery. Data collection and peer review were also identified as important issues in the delivery of best practice care.     

Fiberoptic ear densitometer for measurement of cardiac output

This study presents theory, operation, and evaluation of a new earpiece method for measurement of cardiac output using the multichannel fiberoptic system recently described. The system includes an earpiece of simple design and small size suitable for applications in all subjects regardless of their age or size. The method requires no withdrawal and analysis of blood samples for calibration. Compared with earlier techniques the present method, based on measurements in three distinct absorption bands in the infrared, provides an increase in accuracy of the estimations. This accuracy was tested in children undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. Comparisons were made in 39 instances (25 subjects) between simultaneously carried out determinations by the earpiece and cuvette densitometer methods. The agreement was good (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001), with a standard deviation of the differences of 0.479 litre/min, or 10.2% of the mean values derived from the cuvette curves. The regression equation describing the values derived from ear curves in terms of values from the cuvette curves differed only slightly from unity (Y = 0.167 + 0.985X). The usefulness of the fiberoptic earpiece technique both in clinical investigations and cardiovascular diagnosis was demonstrated.     

大鼠气管插管方法学概述

由于大鼠呼吸频率较快、口腔狭小、声门较高,医学实验中气管内插管操作具有较多困难,多年来很多学者对大鼠气管内插管方法进行了大量研究。本文主要对大鼠气管内插管时动物和气管导管的选择、麻醉方式、插管的体位以及各种插管工具和方法等作一简要的综述。     

猕猴食管插管技术

固定猕猴并保持其上仰状态,用开口器将猕猴嘴部张开,将插管器材沿开口器插入口腔至咽部,伴随猕猴吞咽动作,慢慢送入食管及胃内,插管深度１０－２５ｃｍ。经过２８６例猕猴试验,插管成功率为１００％,实为一种饮水,药物及食物的最佳灌服方法,同时为早期探查猕猴食管及胃部疾病     

Guidelines for Authors

正TYPES OF ARTICLES FORMATS OF ARTICLES HOW TO SUBMIT A MANUSCRIPT PUBLICATION FEES TYPES OF ARTICLES1.Research articles Research articles belong to the full length article type,and should include elements as follows:title,running title,and byline;correspondent footnote;abstract;introduction;materials and methods;results;discussion;acknowledgements;author contributions;refer-     

Guidelines for Authors

Scope Cell Research is an international journal publishing peer- reviewed original articles, invited reviews, commentaries, and letters to the editor. Original articles report significant original basic research that describe novel molecular and cellular processes and events and/or address the underlying biological mechanisms. Reviews and Commentaries review or comment on current progress in any field covered by the journal. Reviews are generally invited in advance by the editors. Letters to the editor report novel findings that have an immediate major impact on current biological research with only one figure and less than 10 references.     

Guidelines for Authors

<正>TYPES OF ARTICLES●FORMATS OF ARTICLES●HOW TO SUBMIT A MANUSCRIPT●PUBLICATION FEES●TYPES OF ARTICLES1.Research articles Research articles belong to the full length article type,and should include elements as follows:title,running title,and byline;correspondent footnote;abstract;introduction;materials and methods;results;discussion;acknowledgements;author contributions;references;figure legends and figures/tables.The article length should not exceed 6,000 words,and detailed requirements are in the