干旱和盐胁迫诱导甜菜叶中的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶的积累

应用双向免疫扩散方法测定表明,甜菜叶片的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶能与菠菜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶抗体发生交叉反应,渗透势－０．６５～－２．６ＭＰａ的甘露醇溶液或２００～３００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ溶液,诱导甜菜叶片甜菜碱醛脱氢酶积累明显增加。     

钾离子对盐诱导菠菜甜菜碱累积的影响

无钾条件下盐胁迫处理菠菜幼苗所诱导的甜菜碱积累量及甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性均比含钾条件下盐处理时低。无Ｋ＾＋２离体叶片可引起组织甜菜碱含量下降;用无Ｋ＾＋培养或Ｋ＾＋通道抑制剂ＴＥＡ处理菠菜幼苗,ＢＡＤＨ活性随处理时间延长出现下降。     

钾离子对盐诱导菠菜甜菜碱累积的影响

无钾条件下盐胁迫处理菠菜幼苗所诱导的甜菜碱积累量及甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）活性均比含钾条件下盐处理时低。无K 培养离体叶片可引起组织甜菜碱含量下降;用无K 培养或K 通道抑制剂TEA处理菠菜幼苗,BADH活性随处理时间延长出现下降。表明K 可能参与对甜菜碱合成积累及BADH酶活性的调节。     

干旱和NaCl胁迫下梭梭幼苗中甜菜碱含量和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性的变化（简报）

梭梭幼苗的甜菜碱含量和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）活性随外界NaCl浓度的增加和干旱胁迫时间的延长而增加。干旱和NaCl促进旱生植物梭梭体内甜菜碱积累与BADH活性有关。     

盐胁迫下朝鲜碱茅的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性变化及其基因保守区的克隆

文章探讨了朝鲜碱茅甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性在盐胁迫下的变化,用简并引物扩增了甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因保守区序列的结果表明,该保守区段长438 bp,推测编码145个氨基酸,包括醛脱氢酶高度保守序列V[T/S]LELGGKSP和其后29位与酶功能有关的Cys。此序列Genbank登录号为EF095710。     

外源甜菜碱对干旱／盐胁迫下的小麦幼苗生长和光合功能的改善

本文用甜菜碱溶液浸种,研究了外源甜碱对干旱／盐胁迫下的小麦幼苗的生长状况和叶片光合转能的影响,结果表明,外源甜菜碱能使干旱／盐胁迫下的小麦幼苗地上部和根部的干重和含水量增加,使叶片叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学参数Fv/Vo,Fv/Fm和qP增高,qN降低,说明外源甜菜碱有利于植物对光能的捕获和转换,明显促进植物生长,降低干旱／盐胁迫对植物的抑制作用。     

外源甜菜碱对低温胁迫下香蕉内源甜菜碱合成的影响

以巴西香蕉(MusaAAA Giant Cavendish cv.Brazil)幼苗为试验材料,用不同浓度外源甜菜碱(BT)预处理香蕉幼苗后,置于人工气候箱中模拟低温(7℃)胁迫,分别测定香蕉叶片和根系内源甜菜碱的含量和甜菜碱合成关键酶甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)活性,以探讨外源甜菜碱对香蕉叶片和根系内源甜菜碱合成的影响.结果显示:7℃低温胁迫16 h后,10 mg/L外源甜菜碱即可极显著提高香蕉幼苗叶片BADH活性,叶片内源BT含量也同步极显著增加,低温胁迫24h后根系内源甜菜碱的含量虽显著高于常温对照,其BADH活性却无显著提升.同时,香蕉幼苗叶片内源BT含量的积累与叶片BADH活性的提高具有显著正相关关系,与根系内源BT含量的增加呈极显著正相关关系,与外源BT浓度无显著相关性.研究表明,外源甜菜碱可促进低温胁迫下香蕉内源甜菜碱的合成和积累,叶片和根系均具有合成内源BT的能力.     

外源甜菜碱对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

用PEG4000溶液对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.heimang)幼苗进行胁迫处理和加入外源甜菜碱（Betaine)作同样处理,6、12、18和24h测定生理变化。结果表明,与对照相比,外源甜菜碱导致小麦幼苗叶片含水量下降,相对膜透性增大,MDA含量升高,SOD和POD活性先降后增,同时脯氨酸大量积累。说明外源甜菜碱对小麦幼苗受伤害程度有明显加深作用。     

甘氨酸甜菜碱增强青菜抗盐性的作用(英文)

通过对青菜 (BrassicachinensisL .)叶面喷施甜菜碱 ,发现其易于为叶片所吸收并运至其他部位。一定浓度范围内的甜菜碱可明显增强青菜对盐胁迫的抗性。甜菜碱可显著降低盐胁迫下叶和根中Na 的累积 ,这种降低主要是根系对Na 、K 的选择性吸收能力增强所致。盐胁迫下甜菜碱导致根系质膜H ATPase活性提高了 45.1 % ,据此推测甜菜碱降低植株中Na 的累积很可能部分由于促进根系质膜的主动排Na 过程。另外 ,甜菜碱对抗盐性的增强还体现在对叶片质膜和叶绿素的稳定作用和对脯氨酸合成的促进。     

水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗壮苗的形成及抗低温胁迫能力的生理效应

用一定浓度的ＳＡ溶液喷布黄瓜幼苗,结果表明,ＳＡ可显著提高黄瓜幼苗的壮苗 数,促进壮苗的形成,ＳＡ的最佳深度为２５０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１。同时,当低温胁地,２５０ｍｇ．ｌ＾１－的ＳＡ可显著提高黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞膜的千钧一发生,抑制叶片中ＭＤＡ的累积。     

A cytosolic class I small heat shock protein, RcHSP17.8, of Rosa chinensis confers resistance to a variety of stresses to Escherichia coli, yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana

Among the heat shock proteins (HSPs) of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. To improve our understanding of sHSPs, we have characterized RcHSP17.8 from Rosa chinensis . Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis reveal this to be a cytosolic class I sHSP. RcHSP17.8 expression in R. chinensis was induced by heat, cold, salt, drought, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Recombinant RcHSP17.8 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and yeast to study its possible function under stress conditions. The recombinant E. coli and yeast cells that accumulated RcHSP17.8 showed improved viability under thermal, salt and oxidative stress conditions compared with control cultures. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed RcHSP17.8. These plants exhibited increased tolerance to heat, salt, osmotic and drought stresses. These results suggest that R. chinensis cytosolic class I sHSP (RcHSP17.8) has the ability to confer stress resistance not only to E. coli and yeast but also to plants grown under a wide variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.     

逆境胁迫下向日葵的耐受机制

向日葵作为我国五大油料作物之一,具有极高的食用价值和油用价值。向日葵在我国的种植分布集中在东北、西北和华北地区,时常面临着干旱、盐碱、温度和重金属胁迫的问题。主要综述了近年来向日葵面临的几种主要逆境胁迫的最新研究进展,以及在不同逆境胁迫下向日葵的耐受机制,并根据不同逆境胁迫筛选出了相应的抗逆向日葵品种,同时进行了生理差异和基因信息分析。通过阐明向日葵在逆境胁迫下的耐受机制,以期对向日葵高产育种及耐逆育种提供理论依据和指导方向。     

The role of small RNAs in abiotic stress

It was recently discovered that plants respond to environmental stress not only with a specific gene expression programme at the mRNA and protein level but also small RNAs as response modulators play an important role. The small RNAs lead to cleavage or translational inhibition of mRNAs via complementary target sites. Different examples are described where small RNAs have been shown to be involved in stress responses. A link between hormonal action and small RNA activities has frequently been observed thus coupling exogenous factors with endogenous transmitters. Using the CDT-1 gene from the desiccation tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum as an example, it is discussed that generation of novel small RNAs could be an evolutionary pathway in plants to adapt to extreme environments.     

Patterns of variation in desiccation resistance in a set of recombinant inbred lines in Drosophila melanogaster

Desiccation, resulting from extremely dry environmental conditions, is a serious obstacle to the survival of organisms. Water is vital for the maintenance of intracellular structure and prevents the irreversible formation of aggregates, an occurrence leading to loss of cellular function. To characterize genetic variation in desiccation stress resistance (DSR) in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, an intercontinental set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) is used. Flies are exposed to a low humidity environment (<10% relative humidity) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Desiccation stress resistance is higher in RIL derived from a backcross to the parental stock sensitive to heat stress (from Denmark) than in RIL derived from the reciprocal backcross to the heat‐stress resistant stock (from Australia). Composite interval mapping reveals significant quantitative trail loci (QTL) for DSR in the set of RIL. Both major and minor effects QTL are detected, suggesting a complex genetic architecture. When compared with a previous investigation performed on the same set of RIL, the present study indicates that not all traits of resistance to environmental stressors are affected in the same direction by segregating co‐localized QTL.     

Ecologically relevant stress resistance: from microarrays and quantitative trait loci to candidate genes — A research plan and preliminary results using<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> as a model organism and climatic and genetic stress as model stresses

We aim at studying adaptation to genetic and environmental stress and its evolutionary implications at different levels of biological organization. Stress influences cellular processes, individual physiology, genetic variation at the population level, and the process of natural selection. To investigate these highly connected levels of stress effects, it is advisable - if not critical - to integrate approaches from ecology, evolution, physiology, molecular biology and genetics. To investigate the mechanisms of stress resistance, how resistance evolves, and what factors contribute to and constrain its evolution, we use the well-defined model systems ofDrosophila species, representing both cosmopolitan species such asD. melanogaster with a known genome map, and more specialized and ecologically well described species such as the cactophilicD. buzzatii. Various climate-related stresses are used as model stresses including desiccation, starvation, cold and heat. Genetic stress or genetic load is modelled by studying the consequences of inbreeding, the accumulation of (slightly) deleterious mutations, hybridization or the loss of genetic variability. We present here a research plan and preliminary results combining various approaches: molecular techniques such as microarrays, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses, quantitative PCR, ELISA or Western blotting are combined with population studies of resistance to climatic and genetic stress in natural populations collected across climatic gradients as well as in selection lines maintained in the laboratory.     

E.coli中表达马铃薯OSM-3b基因对增强渗透胁迫抗性的分析

旨在揭示马铃薯OSM-3b基因表达对胁迫的响应。分离获得了OSM-3b的cDNA,构建OSM-3b的重组菌株DH-OSM,实现OSM-3b在大肠杆菌中的表达,RT-PCR检测了NaCl和PEG6000不同浓度梯度下OSM-3b的表达。结果显示,NaCl浓度在1%以上随盐浓度升高,OSM-3b mRNA的表达逐渐下降;在PEG6000浓度从0.25%升至4.0%时,OSM-3b的mRNA表达明显上升;在NaCl胁迫和PEG6000浓度梯度渗透胁迫下,重组菌株DH-OSM菌的菌落存活数统计分析结果显示,在不同NaCl浓度下重组菌的菌落存活数与对照趋势一致,重组菌菌落存活数峰值出现在的PEG6000浓度2.0%时,而对照菌DH-28c峰值则出现在PEG6000浓度1.0%时。结果表明,OSM-3b在大肠杆菌中表达对NaCl胁迫没有响应,但可缓冲渗透胁迫对其存活的影响。     

The role of phytochrome in stress tolerance

It is well-documented that phytochromes can control plant growth and development from germination to flowering. Additionally, these photoreceptors have been shown to modulate both biotic and abiotic stress. This has led to a series of studies exploring the molecular and biochemical basis by which phytochromes modulate stresses, such as salinity, drought, high light or herbivory. Evidence for a role of phytrochromes in plant stress tolerance is explored and reviewed.