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1.
The role of soil modification by the mound-building termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), was studied during 1991 in the Durokoppin Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Soil chemical parameters were quantified
for ‘soils’ in nests and for surrounding soil in both a Wandoo (Eucalyptus capillosa) woodland and a Casuarina (Allocasuarina campestris) shrubland plot. All ‘soils’ in nests were more acidic than the surrounding soil within each study plot. Generally, nutrient
levels in the nested soils were higher than the un-nested soil within each study plot and were also higher in the woodland
than in the shrubland plot. Depending on the nuttient concerned, the nested soil contained between 0.3 and 21.9% of the total
nutrient load per hectare within each study plot. The quantities of nutrients per hectare in termite mounds were higher in
the woodland than in the shrubland plot. It is concluded that mounds of this species of termite form a significant bank of
nutrients, although time for release of such nutrients depends on the degree of erosion and on the longevity of mounds. 相似文献
2.
The Western Australian termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), harvests various plant materials according to biomass availability. The main litter components harvested by this
termite in a woodland dominated byEucalyptus capillosa are bark and leaves of the major tree species, while in shrubland dominated byAllocasuarina campestris, shoots of this species are taken. Harvesting mainly occurs during the autumn (April–May) and spring (September–October)
seasons. The commencement and duration of harvesting appears to depend partly on weather conditions, with harvesting taking
place at temperatures between 15 and 25°C after periods of rain. This species of termite harvests approximately 15.6 g m−2 year−1 and 3.2 g m2 year−1 (dry weight of plant material) in the woodland and shrubland, respectively. 相似文献
3.
John A. H. Benzie 《Oecologia》1986,70(4):559-567
Summary Termite mound densities in typical guinea savanna, Detarium, and grassland (boval) habitats in northern guinea savanna were determined by random quadratting of 2–3 sites in each habitat (100, 10x10 m quadrats per habitat). Dominant species in guinea savanna were T. geminatus (46 mounds ha-1) and T. oeconomus (21 mounds ha-1), in Detarium T. geminatus (59 mounds ha-1) and C. curtatus (45 mounds ha-1) and in boval C. curtatus (72 mounds ha-1) and T. geminatus (22 mounds ha-1). Only C. curtatus densities and total densities differed significantly between sites within habitats, but all species differed significantly in abundance between habitats. The composition of each community was related to general environment but no particular environmental variable was shown to be a major determinant of termite distribution. Evidence for the limitation of termite populations was obtained from indirect evidence of competition between colonies in Detarium, and by experimental manipulation of fire regimes in the typical guinea savanna habitat. Harvester termites increased four-five fold over two years in fire-protected plots as a result of increased food supplies. Total termite densities in the fire-protected community equilibrated to the new population density (100 mounds ha-1) after only two-three years. 相似文献
4.
A series of papers have been published which describe the influence of vegetation and soil type on the Western Australian
wheatbelt termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), and also on its litter harvesting levels and contribution to the soil nutrient budget. This paper integrates these
findings by means of a computer simulation model. The model consists of three modules which respectively describe the dynamics
of litter on the ground, the dynamics of litter within termite mounds and how these in turn influence nutrient loads within
the habitat. The outputs of the model suggest that this litter harvesting termite plays an important role in the nutrient
dynamics of the area and it provides an estimate of the unmeasured variable, litter consumed in mounds by termites, which
is consistent with measurements for other termite species with similar feeding habits. 相似文献
5.
Hizbullah Jamali Stephen J. Livesley Samantha P. Grover Tracy Z. Dawes Lindsay B. Hutley Garry D. Cook Stefan K. Arndt 《Ecosystems》2011,14(5):698-709
Termites produce methane (CH4) as a by-product of microbial metabolism of food in their hindguts, and are one of the most uncertain components of the regional
and global CH4 exchange estimates. This study was conducted at Howard Springs near Darwin, and presents the first estimate of CH4 emissions from termites based on replicated in situ seasonal flux measurements in Australian savannas. Using measured fluxes
of CH4 between termite mounds and the atmosphere, and between soil and the atmosphere across seasons we determined net CH4 flux within a tropical savanna woodland of northern Australia. By accounting for both mound-building and subterranean termite
colony types, and estimating the contribution from tree-dwelling colonies it was calculated that termites were a CH4 source of +0.24 kg CH4-C ha−1 y−1 and soils were a CH4 sink of −1.14 kg CH4-C ha−1 y−1. Termites offset 21% of CH4 consumed by soil resulting in net sink strength of −0.90 kg CH4-C ha−1 y−1 for these savannas. For Microcerotermes nervosus (Hill), the most abundant mound-building termite species at this site, mound basal area explained 48% of the variation in
mound CH4 flux. CH4 emissions from termites offset 0.1% of the net biome productivity (NBP) and CH4 consumption by soil adds 0.5% to the NBP of these tropical savannas at Howard Springs. 相似文献
6.
Ola Palm W. Lionel Weerakoon M. Ananda P. de Silva Thomas Rosswall 《Plant and Soil》1988,108(2):201-209
Sesbania sesban was evaluated as green manure crop for lowland rice in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. The legume was grown during a fallow period
before lowland rice (Oryza sativa) and ploughed under just before transplanting. Weight loss and nitrogen content in litterbags containing leaves, stems and
roots of the legume were monitored. Comparisons were made between rice yields from 20 m2 plots after green manuring in combination with different nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 gm−2) and nitrogen fertilizer (9.6 gm−2) alone. Above-ground biomass ofS. sesban was 440 gm−2 (dry wt) when ploughed under after 84 days growth. N-content in leaves, stems and roots was 3.76%, 0.41% and 0.73%, respectively.
This gave a N-input fromS. sesban of 9.2 gm−2 (8.3 g from above-ground parts and 0.9 g from roots). The corresponding K and P inputs were 7.3 and 0.6 gm−2 respectively. The nitrogen rich leaves, which contained 88% of the nitrogen in the above-ground parts, decomposed and released
its nitrogen much more rapidly than the stems and roots. After only four days the leaves had released 5.3 g Nm−2 and after 14 days they had released 6.4 g Nm−2. The highest rice yield (505 gm−2) was obtained usingS. sesban and 4.8 gm−2 of N-fertilizer. The yields with only N-fertilizer or onlyS. sesban were 442 gm−2 and 396 gm−2, respectively. Due to the rapid decomposition of the nitrogen rich leaves,S. sesban did not behave as a slow release fertilizer. Thus, it is not necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers as a basal dose. 相似文献
7.
M. ABENSPERG-TRAUN 《Austral ecology》1992,17(4):425-432
Abstract The majority of existing remnants of wandoo Eucalyptus capillosa woodland in the Western Australian wheatbelt have been grazed by sheep for several decades and are often visibly degraded. A pilot survey was conducted into the effects of sheep on vegetation and soil variables, and the abundance, diversity and species frequency of occurrence of subterranean termite communities. Ten 1/4 ha study plots were used for paired grazed/ungrazed comparisons. Ungrazed plots had more litter mass (dry weight), leaf and woody litter, canopy cover (%) and soil moisture (moisture content <1.2% across study plots); grazed plots had a higher percentage of bare ground. Termites were as abundant, and as diverse, in grazed as in ungrazed plots, and were equally often sampled in the soil and surface wood. Termite species eating sound wood, decayed wood/debris and grass were sampled equally often, and were of equal diversity in sheep-grazed as in ungrazed plots. The mounds of Drepanotermes tamminensis were more abundant in grazed plots. These findings indicate that prolonged sheep grazing in remnants of wandoo woodland of the Western Australian wheatbelt has had no detrimental or beneficial effect on its subterranean termites. 相似文献
8.
Susumu S. Abe Takashi Kotegawa Taisuke Onishi Yoshinori Watanabe Toshiyuki Wakatsuki 《Ecological Research》2012,27(1):219-227
This study investigated the influence of mound-building termites on soil particle dynamics on the land surface and in soil-forming
processes by examining the amount of soil particles in mound structures of Macrotermes bellicosus in a highly weathered Ultisol of tropical savanna. Soil particle turnover via the mounds was estimated using particle stock
data and soil turnover data from previous studies. A 4-ha study plot with six mounds of relatively uniform shape and size
was investigated. Soil mass constituting the mounds was 6,166 ± 1,581 kg mound−1 within which the mound wall and nest body accounted for 5,002 ± 1,289 and 1,164 ± 293 kg, respectively. The mound wall contained
a significantly larger amount of clay (252 ± 9.97 g kg−1) balanced with a lower sand content (676 ± 26.5 g kg−1) than in the adjacent surface (Ap1) horizon, (46.4 ± 12.8 g clay kg−1; 866 ± 83.2 g sand kg−1); the nest body had much higher clay content (559 ± 51.0 g kg−1) but less sand (285 ± 79.2 g kg−1) than the mound wall. As a result, the mounds of M. bellicosus accumulated clay of 2,874 ± 781 kg ha−1 (corresponding to 2.52% of clay stock in the Ap1 horizon) along with an estimated clay turnover rate of 169 kg ha−1 year−1. These findings suggest a positive feedback effect from termite mound-building activity on soil particle dynamics in tropical
savanna ecosystems: M. bellicosus preferentially use subsoil material for mound construction, resulting in relocation of illuvial clay in the subsoil to the
land surface where clay eluviation from the surface soil and its illuviation in the subsoil are major soil-forming processes. 相似文献
9.
The diversity and abundance of epigeal termite mounds were investigated in response to controlled livestock grazing and annual
prescribed fire in a Sudanian savannah-woodland in Tiogo State Forest. Sampling of termite mounds was carried out in 4×4 subplots
of 0.25 ha in a split-plot experimental design during the rainy season in 2002. There were two main plots of which one was
fenced to exclude livestock grazing and the second exposed to grazing. Each of the main plots included 4 subplots with annual
prescribed fire since 1992 and 4 subplots without fire. Data were collected on the number and characteristics of termite mounds.
A mean density of 698 mounds ha−1 was recorded. Mounds built by Trinervitermes spp. were the most abundant followed by Cubitermes spp., Macrotermes subhyalinus and M. bellicosus. The large mound-builders Macrotermes spp. dominated the community interms of basal area (96% of the total) and above-ground volume (99%). The diversity of mound
types was notaffected by livestock grazing and annual early prescribed fire (P>0.05). There was no statistical effect of livestock
grazing on mound density, whereas a strong depressive effect of annual fire was observed for Trinervitermes spp. mound density (P=0.012). In this ecosystem, annual prescribed fire appeared to be the major determinant for termite
mound abundance.
Received 2 February 2007; revised 23 October 2007 and 21 January 2008; accepted 22 Feburary 2008. 相似文献
10.
Estimates of biomass and primary productivity in a high-altitude maple forest of the west central Himalayas 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S. C. Garkoti 《Ecological Research》2008,23(1):41-49
The paper describes the biomass and productivity of maple (Acer cappadocicum) forest occurring at an altitude of 2,750 m in the west central Himalayas. Total vegetation biomass was 308.3 t ha−1, of which the tree layer contributed the most, followed by herbs and shrubs. The seasonal forest-floor litter mass varied
between 5.4 t ha−1 (in rainy season) and 6.6 t ha−1 (in winter season). The annual litter fall was 6.2 t ha−1, of which leaf litter contributed the largest part (59% of the total litter fall). Net primary productivity of total vegetation
was 19.5 t ha−1 year−1. The production efficiency of leaves (net primary productivity/leaf mass) was markedly higher (2.9 g g−1 foliage mass year−1) than those of the low-altitude forests of the region. 相似文献
11.
In 1981 a two-year field plot experiment was established to assess the effects of quantities (0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 t
ha−1) of fresh kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) on crop growth and nutritional response and chemical properties of a fine-textured soil. Soil was analyzed for NO3−N, NH4−N, electrical conductivity, pH, Cl and exchangeable cations (K, Mg, Ca, Mn and Na). The plots were planted to beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the first year and peas (Pisum sativum) in the second year. Marketable bean yields increased in the first year with kelp applications up to 60 t ha−1, with yields, emergence and flowering being reduced by the 120 t ha−1 application. Soluble salts (EC) and Cl concentrations in the soil eight days after application increased linearly and sharply
with increasing quantities of kelp. Increased K concentration and moisture content, characteristics of plants growing in a
salt-stressed soil environment, were measured. A subsequent companion greenhouse experiment confirmed that the reduced bean
emergence and growth with 120 t ha−1 applications of kelp were primarily due to soluble salts. The only growth effects upon peas in the second year was a slight
reduction in leaf plus stem yields with increasing applications of kelp. 相似文献
12.
Grass fallow shifting cultivation is an important land use practice in the highlands of Bhutan. Part of the nutrient pool
contained in soil organic matter is made available for the traditional buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) crop through a highly labor intensive system exposing 250–500 MT soil ha−1 to temperatures of 500°C and above. Dry topsoil is collected in mounds and burned using plant biomass or manure and soil
organic matter as fuel. Labor input ranged from 150–401 days ha−1 with land preparation accounting for 65–85% of the total requirement. The burning increased soil pH from 6.0 to 6.9 and available
K from 34 to 69 mg kg−1. Soil organic C and total N were reduced from 3.3 and 0.17% to 0.8 and 0.08%, respectively. Release of P from soil organic
matter and plant material and reduction in C/N ratio resulting in increased N availability are considered the most essential
effects required for good crop yields. Through the burning about 16 MT of C and 470 kg N ha−1 are released into the atmosphere. Fallow periods of 15–20 years are required for the system to be sustainable.
The research was supported by the Department of Agriculture. Royal Government of Bhuttan and the Swiss Association for Technical
Assistance
The research was supported by the Department of Agriculture. Royal Government of Bhuttan and the Swiss Association for Technical
Assistance 相似文献
13.
Yuji Isagi 《Ecological Research》1994,9(1):47-55
Gross production and carbon cycling in aPhyllostachys bambusoides stand in Kyoto Prefecture, central Japan, were determined, and then a compartment model showing the carbon stock and cycling
within the ecosystem was developed. Aboveground carbon stock was 52.3 tC ha−1, increasing at a rate of 3.6 tC ha−1 year−1. Belowground carbon stock was 20.8 tC ha−1 in the root system and 92.0 tC ha−1 in the soil. Aboveground net production was 11.2 tC ha−1 year−1. Belowground net production was crudely estimated at 4.5 tC ha−1 year−1. The gross production was estimated at 41.8 tC ha−1 year−1 by summing the amount of outflow to the environment and the increment in biomass. Leaves consumed 13.7 tC ha−1 year−1 by respiration; the rest (41.8−13.7=28.1 tC ha−1 year−1) was surplus production of the leaves and flowed into the other compartments. The amounts of construction and maintenance
respiration of the aboveground compartments were 3.4 and 18.5 tC ha−1 year−1, respectively. The annual amount of soil respiration was 11.2 tC ha−1 year−1. Soil respiration levels of 4.3 and 3.1 tC ha−1 year−1 were estimated for the flow of root respiration and root detritus. The proportion of net to gross production was 37%, which
fell within the range of young and mature forests. A shorter life span of culms, compared to tree trunks, resulted in smaller
biomass accumulation ratio (biomass/net production) in the ecosystem, of 4.66. 相似文献
14.
Soil respiration and carbon balance in a subtropical native forest and two managed plantations 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yu-Sheng Yang Guang-Shui Chen Jian-Fen Guo Jin-Sheng Xie Xiao-Guo Wang 《Plant Ecology》2007,192(1):71-84
From 1999 to 2003, a range of carbon fluxes was measured and integrated to establish a carbon balance for a natural evergreen
forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture evergreen plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Sanming Nature Reserve, Fujian, China. Biomass carbon increment of aboveground parts and coarse roots were measured
by the allometric method. Above- and belowground litter C inputs were assessed by litter traps and sequential cores, respectively.
Soil respiration (SR) was determined by the alkaline absorbance method, and the contribution from roots, above- and belowground litters was separated
by the DIRT plots. Annual SR averaged 13.742 t C ha−1 a−1 in the NF, 9.439 t C ha−1 a−1 in the CK, and 4.543 t C ha−1 a−1 in the CF. For all forests, SR generally peaked in later spring or early summer (May or June). The contribution of root respiration ranged from 47.8% in
the NF to 40.3% in the CF. On average, soil heterotrophic respiration (HR) was evenly distributed between below- (47.3∼54.5%) and aboveground litter (45.5%–52.7%). Annual C inputs (t C ha−1 a−1) from litterfall and root turnover averaged 4.452 and 4.295, 4.548 and 2.313, and 2.220 and 1.265, respectively, in the NF,
CK, and CF. As compared to HR, annual net primary production (NPP) of 11.228, 13.264, and 6.491 t C ha−1 a−1 in the NF, CK, and CF brought a positive net ecosystem production (NEP) of 4.144, 7.514, and 3.677 t C ha−1 a−1, respectively. It suggests that native forest in subtropical China currently acts as an important carbon sink just as the
timber plantation does, and converting native forest to tree plantations locally during last decades might have caused a high
landscape carbon loss to the atmosphere. 相似文献
15.
Evelin Carlier Marisa Rovera Alberto Rossi Jaume Susana B. Rosas 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(11):2653-2658
Effects of inoculation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain SR1 (termed SR1) were studied at an experimental field site in Río Cuarto, Argentina. Treatments involved SR1 inoculation
with or without nitrogen/phosphorus fertilization. Inoculation produced a significant increase in plant height and root length
in early growth stages. Inoculation plus fertilization with 40 kg ha−1 urea/30 kg ha−1 diamonic phosphate (“50% dose”) gave a yield increase of 636 kg ha−1 relative to control, and an increase of 472 kg ha−1 relative to fertilization with 80 kg ha−1 urea/60 kg ha−1 phosphate without inoculation. SR1 inoculation without fertilization, compared to control, produced increases of 6% in weight
of 1,000 grains, 13% in number of spikes per plant, and 30% in number of grains per spike. Inoculation plus 50% dose fertilization
also improved these parameters. Results of the study indicate that inoculation of wheat with SR1 improves various growth and
yield parameters, and allows reduced dosage of nitrogen/phosphorus fertilizers in the field. 相似文献
16.
The theoretical basis of fine root turnover estimation in forest soils is discussed, in relation to appropriate experimental
techniques of measurement. After sequential coring, the correct expression is the sum of significant positive increments of
live and dead roots of the various diameter categories, to which the transfer of dead roots to organic matter derived from
roots, OMDR, has to be added. This should not be confounded with dead root mineralization. The transfer rates should first
be estimated in root dimensions and not in weight of dry matter.
The measurements were carried out in a 120 year old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand and a 35 year old Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) stand, in the Eastern Ardennes, Belgium.
The turnover rate of fine roots (diam. <5 mm) was 4393 kg ha−1 year−1 (root dry weight), including 711.2 kg ha−1 year−1 for dead root transfer to OMDR, for beech.
For spruce, turnover rate was 7011 kg ha−1 year−1 (root dry weight), including 1498 kg ha−1 year−1 for dead root transfer to OMDR.
Under beech, there was a slight root density increase in spring. No seasonal fluctuations were observed under spruce, but
a strong irreversible drop in live root growth was found in the later season 1980–1981, corresponding to a decrease of tree
height growth and trunk radius increment.
Turnover rates were further expressed in dry weight and in amounts of elements (kg ha−1 year−1) (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, N, P, S).
Correlative relations between root dimensions and dry weight and element concentrations show that the derived values, and
in particular root specific density (dry weight volume−1) vary according to species, root category, and seasonal sampling.
Various schemes of seasonal variations of root growth, described in Europe, show that the major dependance on general climate
is obscured by environmental factors (soil, exposure, species). It is suggested that root density fluctuation approach the
steady state on an annual basis under mild Atlantic conditions. 相似文献
17.
Summary Seed inoculation with Rhizobium and soil inoculation withGlomus fasciculatum increased nodulation, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in plants and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) var. BG 212 in pots containing unsterilized soil especially with 50kgP2O5 ha−1 in the form of superphosphate.
Inoculation with Rhizobium orG. fasciculatum separately or in combination significantly increased the N2 fixed in straw and grain than uninoculated controls as determined by15N atom percent excess of plants grown in soil amended with labelled ammonium sulphate (15NH4)2SO4) at the rate of 20kg N ha−1. These increases were most pronounced when P was applied at 50kgP2O5 ha−1. 相似文献
18.
Takuya Kajimoto 《Ecological Research》1989,4(1):55-69
Aboveground biomass and litterfall ofPinus pumila scrubs, growing on the Kiso mountain range in central Japan, were investigated from 1984 to 1985. The biomass of two research
plots (P1 and P2) with different scrub heights was estimated by two methods, the stratified clip technique and the allometric
method. Aboveground total biomass estimated by the latter method reached 181 ton d.w. ha−1 in P1 and 132 ton d.w. ha−1 in P2. Creeping stems contributed to about half of the total biomass. Although estimates of woody organs differed between
the two plots, leaf biomass estimates were almost the same at 15.5 ton d.w. ha−1. The canopies of the twoP. pumila scrubs were characterized by a large mean leaf area density of 5.0 m2 m−3. Despite this large area density, relatively moderate attenuation of light intensity was observed. Specific leaf area generally
increased with reduced leaf height. Annual total litterfall was estimated to be 3.60 ton d.w. ha−1 yr−1 in P1 and 2.39 ton d.w. ha−1 yr−1 in P2. Annual leaf fall in both plots was approximately 2.0 ton d.w. ha−1 yr−1. Leaves fell mainly in early autumn. Annual loss rates of branches, estimated as the sum of annual branch litterfall and
the amount of newly formed attached dead branches, were 0.29 ton d.w. ha−1 yr−1 in P1 and 0.37 ton d.w. ha−1 yr−1 in P2. 相似文献
19.
A field study was carried out near Zürich (Switzerland) to determine the yield of symbiotically fixed nitrogen (15N dilution) from white clover (Trifolium repens L.) grown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) and from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) grown with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). A zero N fertilizer treatment was compared to a 30 kg N/ha per cut regime (90 to 150 kg ha−1 annually).
The annual yield of clover N derived from symbiosis averaged 131 kg ha−1 (49 to 227 kg) without N fertilization and 83 kg ha−1 (21 to 173 kg) with 30 kg of fertilizer N ha−1 per cut in the seeding year. Values for the first production year were 308 kg ha−1 (268 to 373 kg) without N fertilization and 232 kg ha−1 (165 to 305 kg) with 30 kg fertilizer N ha−1 per cut. The variation between years was associated mainly with the proportion of clover in the mixtures. Apparent clover-to-grass
transfer of fixed N contributed up to 52 kg N ha−1 per year (17 kg N ha−1 on average) to the N yield of the mixtures.
Percentage N derived from symbiosis averaged 75% for white and 86% for red clover. These percentages were affected only slightly
by supplemental nitrogen, but declined markedly during late summer for white clover. It is concluded that the annual yield
of symbiotically fixed N from clover/grass mixtures can be very high, provided that the proportion of clover in the mixtures
exceeds 50% of total dry mass yield. 相似文献
20.
N. P. Stamford C. E. R. S. Santos S. Silva Junior M. A. Lira Junior M. V. B. Figueiredo 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(9):1857-1865
Chemical fertilizers have been used in the cultivation of plants due to their high solubility and effect on crops yield. Biofertilizers
with phosphate rock (PR) and potash rock (KR) plus sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus may improve plant growth and contribute to addition of available P and K in soil. The effectiveness of biofertilizers from
phosphate and potash rocks mixed with sulfur and Acidithiobacillus was studied in a Typic Fragiuldult soil of the Brazilian Northeast Tableland. Cowpea (cv. “IPA 206”) was grown with and without
rhizobia inoculation. Treatments were: (a) phosphate rock (1000 kg ha−1); (b) Biofertilizers-BP (250 and 500 kg ha−1); (c) triple superphosphate-TSP (250 kg ha−1); (d) potash rock (1000 kg ha−1); (e) biofertilizer-BK (250; 500 and 750 kg ha−1); (f) potassium chloride-KCl (250 kg K20 ha−1); (g) control without P or K fertilization (P0K0). The soil was maintained under water submersion covered with black plastic (solarization process) for a period of 30 days.
Biofertilizers (Bp and BK) and soluble fertilizers increased plant growth and NPK uptake. Biofertilizers reduced soil pH, especially when applied in
highest rates. Biofertilizers and TSP+KCl showed the best values of available P and K in soil. Rhizobial inoculation was effective
on cowpea, but no nodules were formed by bacteria native from the soil, probably due to the effect of the solarization process.
From obtained PK biofertilizers could be used as alternative for cowpea fertilization in Tableland soils. 相似文献