SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF POLY-beta-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID IN CONNECTION WITH SPORULATION OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM.

Slepecky, Ralph A. (Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.), and John H. Law. Synthesis and degradation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid in connection with sporulation of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bacteriol. 82:37-42. 1961.-The production of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate has been followed in Bacillus megaterium, a sporulating strain, and B. megaterium strain KM, a nonsporulating strain, by an improved assay procedure and by the use of C(14)-acetate.The production of polymer in the KM strain follows the growth curve very slowly and reaches a peak at the time the cells are entering the stationary phase of growth. Slow utilization of polymer follows.When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions favorable for polymer production, no spores are formed; polymer production and utilization follow kinetics similar to those observed with asporogenous strains.When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions unfavorable for polymer production but favorable for sporulation, less polymer is produced and peak production occurs during the log phase of growth. Rapid utilization of the polymer precedes sporulation.If the medium is made favorable for polymer production by the addition of glucose and acetate and vigorous aeration conditions are used, sporulation can be obtained after good polymer production and subsequent utilization.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SPORES OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF FIXATION AND THIN SECTIONING

Resting spores of Bacillus megaterium appear uniformly opaque and undifferentiated under the electron microscope. Germinated spores and spores which have lost their dipicolinic acid underwent characteristic changes in structure. Spores fixed with KMnO₄ lose their dipicolinic acid. Spores fixed with OsO₄ under certain conditions retain their dipicolinic acid. When conventional sectioning procedures are used with either method of fixation, abnormal spore structure is produced as a result of the solution of cellular constitutents. Dry sections of unfixed spores embedded in methacrylate reveal the spore structure in a more normal state. Indirect evidence has been obtained for the existence of a penetration barrier at or near the outer edge of the cortex.     

固定化巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶酶促合成头孢氨苄的研究

β—内酰胺系列抗菌素抗菌谱广、疗效高、毒副作用小,国际上研究与应用日渐广泛深入。头孢氨苄(Cephalexin)是重要的半合成抗菌素之一,由头孢霉素母核7—氨基脱乙酰氧基头孢烷酸(简称7-ADCA)和侧链结构物苯甘氨酸或其甲酯(PGME)经酰化而生成。酰化有化学法和酶法两种。采用青霉素G酰化酶或a—氨基酸酯酶或,a—氨酰转移酶的酶法,具有工艺操作简单、无需基团保护、环境污染轻等优点。继日本人于70年代初试验成功酶法之后,80年代初我们开展了这方面研究。制备方面,胞外酶优于胞内酶;使用方面,固定化酶优于固定化细胞。在用具有青霉素G酰化酶活性的固定化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)细胞合成头孢氨苄的基础上,又研究了用固定化巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)BP931胞外青霉素G酰化酶酰化合成头孢氨苄的条件。本文报道这一研究结果。     

巨大芽孢杆菌D01吸附金(Au3+)的研究

巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)D01菌体吸附Au3+的最适pH值为30,其生物吸附作用是一种快速的过程,最初5min的吸附量可达到最大吸附量的95%,温度不影响该吸附作用。在pH3.0和30℃、起始金离子浓度与菌体浓度之比为305mg/g的条件下,吸附30min,吸附率达99.1%,吸附量为302.0mg/g干菌体。D01菌体能将溶液中的Au3+还原成Au0,在细胞表面和溶液中的Au0能形成不同形状的金晶体。浸渍在SiO2和αFe2O.3的Au3+能被D01菌体还原成Au0。从电化学反应表明,D01菌体对Au3+的还原具有较好的选择性。