小剂量干扰素对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的追踪观察

本文对40例曾经小剂量干扰素治疗、疗程达6个月的慢性乙肝患者进行治后6～20个月的追踪观察。从HBV标志物阴转率来看,抗病毒远期疗效结果为HBeAg治前19例阳性中,12例阴转(63.1％),其中6例并出现抗-HBe转阳。DNA-P治前3例阳性中,2例阴转(66.6％)。HBcAg治前2例阳性者也阴转。HBV-DNA治前3例阳性者仅一例阴转。HBsAg 39例阳性中,7例阴转(17.9％)。其中HBeAg及DNA-p阴转率较突出,分别为63.1％及66.6％。再从抗病毒综合反应来看,远期总有效率达57.5％(23/40),其中3例在治后14、15及20个月观察时:HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAg、DNA-P及HBV-DNA均阴性。对照组20例HBsAg、HBeAg及DNA-P阴转率分别为0％、22.2％及0％。可见并非自然阴转,而是药物作用所致。由此认为小剂量干扰素对抗慢性乙肝病毒远期疗效是可取的,值得深入研究。     

干扰素联合无环鸟苷抗乙肝病毒疗效观察

本文报告42例慢性乙肝病人及病毒携带者,年龄16～44岁,病程半年～1年。随意分为3组:干扰素组10例,6万u,肌肉注射,每周3次,疗程3个月,近期HBeAg转阴3例伴抗-HBe转阳,HBcAg、DNAP和HBV-DNA转阴各一例。无环鸟苷组22例,每日15mg/kg,静脉输注,每月20天,60天为一疗程,近期HBeAg转阴6例伴抗-HBe转阳S例,HBcAg转阴S/11例,DNAP转阴8/18例,HBV-DNA转阴3/18例,其结果优于干扰素组。无环鸟苷联合干扰素治疗8例,近期HBeAg转阴6例伴抗-HBe转阳5例,其他病毒指标转阴与无环鸟苷组相似,初步显示联合治疗组抗病毒效果优于两药单用组。     

HBIG,无环鸟苷,干扰素联合对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒效应观察

本文报道血清ＨＢＶ复制标志阳性的慢乙肝５４例,随机分为治疗组及对照组各２７例进行ＨＢＩＧ、无环鸟苷、干扰素联合近、远期抗病毒效应观察。治疗组为无环鸟苷第一周按２５～２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ计后改１７～１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ×５３天,共６０天;人白细胞干扰素１×１０６Ｕ肌注每周３次×４周,后改１．０×１０６Ｕ肌注每周２次×６周,共１０周;ＨＢＩＧ４００Ｕ肌注隔日１次,共１０周,对照组仅给予一般“保肝”药物。其中治疗组１８例,对照组１９例进行治后半年到２年追踪观察,结果近、远期ＨＢｃＡｇ、ＤＮＡＰ、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率治疗组均高于对照组,其中治疗组近、远期ＨＢｃＡｇ,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率均达４０％以上,明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）,治疗组近、远期各有４例及２例ＨＢｓＡｇ阴转,而对照组则无一例阴转,从近、远期综合抗病毒效应观察,治疗组全阴率分别为３３．３％、４４．４％,而对照组分别为３．７９％及０％,Ｐ＜０．０１,治疗组无明显毒副反应。对比单用无环鸟苷,全阴率３１．８％;无环鸟苷加干扰素两药联合全阴率３７．５％,均有所提高,达到４４．４％,值得进一步研究。     

不同疗程小剂量干扰素对慢性乙型肝炎病毒标志物的影响

本文应用小剂量干扰素,从1个月至6个月不同疗程治疗97例HBsAg阳性伴HBeAg阳佳60例慢性乙型肝炎病人,以HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBe、HBcAg、DNAP和HBV-DNA 6项作为抗病毒指标,经1个月疗程97例,6项指标均无明显改善,经2个月疗程77例,只有DNAP阳性率下降和HBeAg阳性下降明显,经3个月疗程60例,5项病毒指标(除HBV-DNA外)均有统计学意义的下降,经6个月疗程42例,5项病毒指标阳性率稳定下降,下降缓慢的HBV-DNA(从73.24％下降为23.1％)和HBsAg(从100％下降为50％)也明显下降。这些病毒指标中以DNAP和HBeAg最敏感,次为HBcAg,再为HBV-DNA,最不敏感是HBsAg。本结果表明小剂量干扰素有抑制乙肝病毒复制怍用,长疗程(3个月以上)优于短程。     

病毒唑及其与干扰素联合对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒效应观察

本文报道了病毒唑及其与干扰素联合对23例慢乙肝近、远期抗病毒效应观察结果,并与12例未经抗病毒治疗的慢乙肝作对照(Ⅲ组),其中病毒唑与干扰素联合组(I组)12例,病毒唑组(Ⅱ组)11例。近期HBeAg、DNAP及HBV·DNA阴转率,I组分别为(41.6％、55.5％及28.s％,Ⅱ组45.4％、100％及33.3％,Ⅲ组8.3％、16.6％及8.3％。远期HBeAg及DNAP阴转率在I组分别为70％、83.7％。Ⅱ组60％、100％,Ⅲ组8.3％,50％。综合抗病毒效应,近期有效率在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别为50％、72.7％及16.6％。远期则分别为70％、55.5％及8.3％。无一例出现毒副反应。均完成疗程。上述结果提示病毒唑及其与干扰素联合对慢乙肝均有一定抗病毒效应,联合应用并不优于单一用药,但毒副反应也未见加重,而且病毒唑药源较方便,使用较安全,值得进一步研究。     

小剂量干扰素与胸腺肽联合对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒效应的追踪观察

本文报道小剂量干扰素与胸腺肽联合对慢性乙肝20例抗病毒效应的追踪观察结果,并与同期同批同剂量单纯干扰素治疗13例慢性乙肝作对照,追踪时间均为治后半年—2年,从HBeAg、HBcAg、DNAP、HBV DNA阴转率来看,治疗组分别为58.8％、60％、60％及66.6％、对照组分别为50％、50％、100％及50％。再从HBV四项复制指标改变来看,则治疗组4例全阴转,7例仅一项阳性,总有效率达61.1％(11/18),而对照组仅为20％(2/10),P<0.01,认为干扰素与胸腺肽联合治疗优于对照组,并扼要讨论增强干扰素抗病毒效应的各种措施,认为干扰素与胸腺肽联合,不论从前已报道近期疗效和本文远期追踪来看均较安全而有效,二者合用起到增强抗病毒效应的作用,值得进一步探索。     

无环鸟苷抗乙型肝炎病毒复制长短程疗法随访观察

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染s5例,随机分无环鸟苷长程组22例,短程组11例和对照组22例。经一年随访观察,无环鸟苷治疗组见血清HBeAg、DNA-P和HBV-DNA有规律性阴转,短程组于12个月又有部分指标阳转,长程组阴转较多,其血清HBeAg、DNA-P和HBV-DNA阴转率与短程和对照组比较有显著性差异。一年结果四项病毒复制指标全部阴转例数与对照组有显著性差异,结果表明,无环鸟苷长疗程是有较好疗效。     

小剂量干扰素对慢性乙型肝炎病毒标志物的影响

本文用小剂量人白细胞干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎(30例)及病毒携带者(10例)共40例,干扰素32.000u,肌肉注射,每周3次,治疗观察6个月。其 HBsAg 滴度几何平均值从治疗前1:100.4,3个月下降为1:25.1,6个月为1:17.2,P<0.001,HBsAg 转阴21/40例,占52.5%。6个月后,HBeAg 13/20例转阴,占65%,有抗一 HBe 出现11例;HBcAg2/4例转阴,88.9%的病例 DNAP 为阴性,73.1%的病例 HBV-DNA 为阴性伴 DNAP 阴性。30例肝炎病人的病毒指标转阴优于病毒携带者。对照组20例用聚肌胞治疗6个月,病毒指标无明显改善。从以上五项病毒指标在治疗后下降和转阴,表明小剂量干扰素对乙肝病毒复制有抑制作用。     

拉米夫定与IFNα-1b 序贯治疗HBeAg 阳性慢性乙肝患者临床疗效观察

目的:观察比较拉米夫定联合IFNα-1b的序贯疗法与拉米夫定、IFNα-1b的单药疗法在治疗HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎方面的疗效差异。方法:将98例HBeAg阳性慢乙肝患者随机分为序贯治疗组、拉米夫定治疗组和IFNα-1b治疗组。序贯治疗组33例,年龄37.85±7.70岁,男/女:18/15,首先使用拉米夫定(100mg一日一次口服疗程24周),序贯使用IFNα-1b(60ug隔日一次皮下注射疗程28周),在第20周至24周同时使用拉米夫定和IFNα-1b,总疗程48周;拉米夫定治疗组34例,年龄39.42±6.88岁,男/女:20/14,仅口服拉米夫定,100mg一日一次口服,疗程48周;IFNα-1b治疗组31例,年龄35.71±6.14岁,男/女:14/17,仅皮下注射IFNα-lb,60ug隔日一次,疗程48周。治疗12周、24周、48周时检测肝功能、乙肝两对半、HBV-DNA等指标变化。结果:在治疗12周、24周时三组间肝功复常率、HBeAg阴转率无差异,序贯治疗组、拉米夫定组HBV-DNA阴转率优于IFNα-1b治疗组;实验疗程结束时序贯治疗组HBeAg阴转率、抗-HBe转换率及HBV-DNA阴转率显著高于其他两组,P<0.05,但在HBV-DNA阴转率方面序贯治疗组与拉米夫定治疗组差异不显著。结论:拉米夫定和IFNα-lb序贯疗法在HBV-DNA阴转率、HBeAg阴转率和抗HBe转换率三方面的疗效优于拉米夫定、IFNα-lb单一用药。     

乌体林斯联合化疗治疗耐多药肺结核疗效观察

目的探讨乌体林斯联合化疗治疗耐多药肺结核（MDR-TB）疗效。方法将146例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为乌体林斯加化疗的治疔组（76例）和仅用化疗的对照组（70例）。治疗组采用左氧氟沙星＋吡嗪酰胺＋乙胺丁醇＋利福喷丁＋异烟肼及乌体林斯1.72μg/m l深部肌注,每周2次;对照组单纯用左氧氟沙星＋吡嗪酰胺＋乙胺丁醇＋利福喷丁＋异烟肼方案治疗,疗程均为18个月。结果治疗6个月、12个月、18个月后,治疗组涂阳阴转率分别为67%、82%、92%,对照组涂阳阴转率分别为34%、44%、51%,痰菌阴转率治疗组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）组。治疗组病灶吸收显著高于对照组。结论乌体林斯能增加肺结核患者的痰菌阴转率,促进病灶吸收好转,可以作为耐药性肺结核的辅助治疗。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism