代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成羟基酪醇

羟基酪醇是重要精细化学品,作为天然抗氧化剂被广泛应用于食品、医药领域。利用合成生物学技术生产羟基酪醇具有重要意义。本文克隆并功能鉴定了来源于大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21的羟化酶编码基因HpaBC,结果表明该酶的两个亚基均能成功表达并能催化酪醇生成羟基酪醇。通过CRISPR-Cas9技术将由tac启动子调控的HpaBC基因表达盒整合到前期构建的酪醇高产菌株YMG5A*R基因组中,同时删除副产物乙酸的合成途径,获得大肠杆菌代谢工程菌株YMGRD1H1。摇瓶发酵实验结果表明,重组菌株能够直接利用葡萄糖生产羟基酪醇,产量达到1.81 g/L,同时发现几乎没有副产物积累。5 L发酵罐规模的流加补料发酵实验表明,羟基酪醇最高产量达到2.95 g/L,是目前文献报道以葡萄糖从头合成羟基酪醇的最高水平。通过系统改造大肠杆菌,实现了羟基酪醇的大量合成,为进一步构建具有工业应用潜力的羟基酪醇细胞工厂奠定了基础,也为拓展芳香族化合物的微生物制造路线提供了有益的参考。     

苍白杆菌核糖-5-磷酸异构酶B基因的克隆及表达

[目的]将新筛选出的苍白杆菌菌株中的核糖-5-磷酸异构酶B(Rpi B)克隆到大肠杆菌中进行异源表达优化。[方法]以苍白杆菌菌株基因组为模板PCR扩增Rpi B基因,经酶切连接表达载体p ET-28a后转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,利用异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)进行诱导表达及优化,利用SDS-PAGE分析表达情况。通过LC-MS-MS验证重组酶活性。[结果]SDS-PAGE分析表明,核糖-5-磷酸酶在大肠杆菌中高效表达可溶性蛋白,分子量在19 k Da左右。优化结果表明在16℃下需要IPTG诱导20 h后蛋白表达量最多。重组粗酶液在30℃下转化L-鼠李糖为L-鼠李酮糖,转化率为19%。[结论]成功克隆并表达出来源于苍白杆菌的Rpi B酶,它对其非天然底物糖L-鼠李糖表现出了异构酶活性。     

金黄色葡萄球菌青霉素结合蛋白PBPX基因的克隆与表达

[目的]对金黄色葡萄球菌一种新的青霉素结合蛋白(PBPX)进行原核表达,为新型抗菌药物设计提供参考数据。[方法]将ATCC25923基因组数据通过Blast进行比对,从中发现了一个含有PBP保守结构域的基因序列,命名为PBPX。PCR扩增PBPX基因,将扩增产物酶切后与原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)连接,构建表达PBPX的重组质粒,将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌TG1内,增菌培养后提取质粒,经PCR、双酶切鉴定后,再转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),对转化菌株诱导后进行10%SDS-PAGE分析。[结果]构建了表达载体p ET-32a(+)-PBPX,在37℃经异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后获得表达,重组青霉素结合蛋白分子量为52. 2 k Da。[结论]PBPX基因成功克隆到表达载体内并获得了表达。     

重组大肠杆菌表达氧化还原酶不对称还原2-羟基苯乙酮的研究

将来源于7种微生物的13个氧化还原酶基因分别与表达载体pET21c连接后,转化入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中,得到13株重组菌.重组菌在IPTG诱导下进行表达,并对2-羟基苯乙酮进行不对称催化还原.研究发现,在17℃下诱导表达的重组酶比活明显高于30℃和37℃下诱导表达的比活.另外,来源于Ca...     

κ-卡拉胶酶CgkX催化区的重组表达菌株筛选和发酵优化

目的:CgkX是来自Pseudoalteromonas sp.QY203的一种高活性、高稳定性的κ-卡拉胶酶,本文旨在构建CgkX催化结构域(CgkX-CM)重组表达菌株,并对发酵条件进行优化,提高CgkX-CM的产量。方法:在分析κ-卡拉胶酶CgkX-CM基因序列的基础上,构建多种CgkX-CM表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达,通过酶活测定筛选其中产量最高的表达菌株,并优化发酵起始pH、诱导温度、IPTG浓度、装液量以及甘氨酸浓度等因素。结果:构建了5种重组表达菌株,其中E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET22b-CgkX-CM酶产量是其他重组菌株的7.4-11.6倍。确定了该菌株最佳发酵条件为:培养基含1 g·L~(-1)甘氨酸(起始pH 7.5),装液量为75 m L,0.1 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG 20℃诱导28 h,酶产量是优化前的7.3倍。结论:经过重组表达载体筛选和发酵优化,CgkX-CM产量大幅度提高,为今后比较CgkX全长及其催化区域的酶学性质,确定C端Big_2结构域对CgkX的作用奠定了基础。     

原核表达载体pET30a/ATRX-C_(2193-2492)的构建与诱导表达

[目的]构建大鼠ATRX抗原端氨基酸序列的原核表达载体,为进一步制备ATRX多克隆抗体以及探讨ATRX蛋白在HPV16致宫颈癌中的作用奠定基础。[方法]以IF-GFP-ATRX质粒为模板,PCR扩增获得ATRX-C_(2193-2492)基因片段,并克隆至p ET30a(+)空载体上,转化E.coli BL21感受态细胞,构建原核表达载体p ET30a/ATRX-C_(2193-2492),经PCR、双酶切以及测序鉴定。将构建好的质粒p ET30a/ATRX-C_(2193-2492)转化,经IPTG诱导表达,利用镍离子亲和层析法纯化6His-ATRX-C_(2193-2492)蛋白。[结果]成功获得900 bp的ATRX-C_(2193-2492)基因片段并构建了原核表达载体p ET30a/ATRX-C_(2193-2492),且该载体能在E.coli中诱导表达分子量约34 k Da蛋白产物。[结论]原核表达载体p ET30a/ATRX-C_(2193-2492)能成功诱导表达分子量约34 k Da的ATRX-C_(2193-2492)蛋白,该蛋白纯化产物能为后续ATRX多克隆抗体的制备提供实验基础。     

一株红景天内生细菌的筛选及初步研究

【目的】从红景天根部筛选并鉴定一株产酪醇的细菌,初步研究其产酪醇特性,为寻找红景天替代资源提供新途径。【方法】用NA培养基从大花红景天根部中分离内生细菌,通过薄层层析(TLC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)筛选出产量最大的菌株,经菌落形态分析、革兰氏染色分析及16S rRNA基因序列分析其分类学地位。单因素实验确定初始pH、培养温度、发酵时间及接种量对菌株产酪醇活力的影响。【结果】从大花红景天根部分离出14株内生细菌,其中8株能产酪醇,筛选出酪醇产量最大的菌株B3,经菌落形态分析、革兰氏染色分析及16S rRNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为水生拉恩氏菌(Rahnella aquatilis)。研究其发酵条件,其最适pH为6.0,最适温度为32 °C,最佳发酵时间为42 h,最佳接种量为15%。在最适发酵条件下,用改良NA培养基发酵,B3菌株酪醇的产量为15.68 mg/L。【结论】B3菌株是一株具有产酪醇能力的细菌,在最适发酵条件下酪醇产量达到15.68 mg/L,具有潜在的开发价值。     

胰高血糖素样肽-1融合蛋白在原核系统中的表达

[目的]构建点突变的GLP-1Gly8,并与人血清白蛋白(HSA)结构域Ⅰ融合,延长GLP-1的半衰期。[方法]采用常规PCR扩增白蛋白结构域Ⅰ片段,利用SOE-PCR扩GLP-1Gly8基因并将两个基因拼接,得到的HSA-GLP-1Gly8融合基因经Bam HⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后连接到p ET30a表达载体,重组质粒p ET30a-HSA-GLP-1Gly8转入E.coli BL21(DE3)宿主菌中进行IPTG诱导表达。[结果]PCR扩增分别获得140 bp的GLP-1Gly8基因499 bp的HSA的片段及经融合后的HSA-GLP-1Gly8基因。表达载体p ET30a-HSA-GLP-1Gly8在E.coli BL21(DE3)宿主菌中经IPTG诱导,过表达了分子量约为22 k Da的融合蛋白。[结论]成功构建了p ET30a-HSA-GLP-1Gly8原核表达载体,融合蛋白在BL21(DE3)菌中以包涵体的形式过表达。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的克隆与表达

[目的]实现解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,建立有效的透析复性方法,获得有活性的重组淀粉酶。[方法]以解淀粉芽孢杆菌DSM 7基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得无信号肽的α-淀粉酶结构基因,克隆至p ET-22b(+),转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白表达情况,采用透析法进行包涵体复性并检测酶活。[结果]成功表达重组蛋白,相对分子量约为54.8k Da,成功复性包涵体,复性效率为22.78%,重组α-淀粉酶酶活力为102.4 U/m L。[结论]实现了解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,包涵体经透析法成功复性,获得具有催化活性的重组淀粉酶。     

产普鲁兰酶重组大肠杆菌质粒稳定性的研究

通过对产普鲁兰酶的重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET28a-s-pul菌株在发酵过程中质粒稳定性和普鲁兰酶生成量的考察,发现不同宿主对质粒稳定性及酶活性有重要影响。本文利用E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S菌株为宿主,构建重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S/p ET28a-s-pul,通过控制外源蛋白的本底表达,提高了重组菌株的质粒稳定性。优化发酵培养基和发酵条件以后,重组菌产普鲁兰酶能力由480 U/m L提高至627 U/m L,增幅为30.6%。研究结果认为,严格控制外源蛋白的本底表达,是改善重组菌稳定性的重要方法之一。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.