外源添加代谢中间体对产琥珀酸放线杆菌厌氧发酵制备丁二酸的影响

考察了外源添加中间代谢产物对菌体生长及发酵产酸的影响,结果表明添加0.5g/L磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)时丁二酸产量最高。围绕产琥珀酸放线杆菌NJ113厌氧发酵产丁二酸的代谢网络进行代谢通量分析,发现添加PEP后己糖磷酸途径(HMP)与糖酵解途径(EMP)的通量比由39.4∶60.3提高至76.8∶22.6,解决了丁二酸合成过程中还原力不足的矛盾,导致PEP生成草酰乙酸的通量提高了23.8%,丁二酸代谢通量从99.8mmol/(gDCW·h)增至124.4mmol/(gDCW·h),而副产物乙酸及甲酸的代谢通量分别降低了22.9%、15.4%;关键酶活分析结果表明,添加0.5g/LPEP后PEP羧化激酶比酶活达到1910U/mg,与对照相比提高了74.7%,而丙酮酸激酶的比酶活降低了67.5%。最终丁二酸浓度为29.1g/L,收率达到76.2%,比未添加PEP时提高了11.0%。     

碳酸盐对谷氨酸产生菌在缺氧条件下产有机酸的影响

考察谷氛酸产生菌在缺氧条件下积累L-乳酸和琥珀酸的情况.结果表明:在缺氧条件下,嗜乙酰乙酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum)ATCC 13870积累有机酸的浓度随菌体密度的增大而增加,其中琥珀酸和乳酸积累的最适pH分别为7.5和8.0,最高质量浓度分别为22.5和60g/L.碳酸盐是影响产酸与有机酸分布的主要因素.比较ATCC 13870在NaHC03浓度为40和400mmol/L时的代谢通量,发现后者合成琥珀酸的代谢通量比前者提高了214.1%,合成乳酸的代谢通量降低了61.8%,说明PEP节点处的代谢通量分配明显受NaHCO3浓度的影响,而PYR节点受环境因素的影响不明显.     

增大罐压提高脱氮假单胞菌发酵生产维生素B12的产量

【目的】提高发酵罐的罐压,增加维生素B12的产率。【方法】利用常规代谢通量分析(MFA)方法,对脱氮假单胞菌生产维生素B12的发酵过程进行研究。【结果】发现随着VB12合成速率的加快,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)羧化生成草酰乙酸(OAA)的通量明显加大,以满足维生素B12合成对前体的需求。根据该分析结果,对发酵工艺进行了改进,即在脱氮假单胞菌进入合成维生素B12阶段时,提高发酵罐的罐压,增加发酵液中二氧化碳的溶解度,从而强化了羧化回补途径。维生素B12的产率明显增加,发酵160 h的产物浓度为176 mg/L,比对照批次终浓度147 mg/L高出了19.7%。【结论】通过增大罐压提高了脱氮假单胞菌进入合成维生素B12的产量。     

ATP合成菌株的构建及用于联合生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

为降低S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的生产成本,构建了同时表达腺苷激酶、腺苷酸激酶和乙酸激酶3种酶的重组大肠杆菌菌株用于ATP的合成,并对ATP的转化条件进行了优化,优化后的反应体系为:腺苷30 mmol/L,乙酰磷酸二锂盐135 mmol/L,硫酸镁5 mmol/L,硼砂50 mmol/L,菌体2 g/L(湿重),反应液初始pH7.5,反应温度为35℃,反应时间为3 h,反应转化率可以达到99%以上。按照上述反应体系进行5 L放大,反应结束后再投入65 mmol/L D,L-甲硫氨酸和50 g/L(湿重)表达腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的重组大肠杆菌菌体,并补加15 mmol/L硫酸镁,转化18 h S-腺苷甲硫酸浓度能达到8.7 g/L,转化率达到72.5%。     

酪氨酸流加方式对重组大肠杆菌发酵生产L-苯丙氨酸的影响

研究了流加浓度对酪氨酸重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BR-165(pAP-B03)发酵生产L-苯丙氨酸的影响.结果表明,诱导后L-酪氨酸流加加速了菌体的生长,提高了生产强度,缩短了发酵周期.在流加浓度为75 mg/h时,最大菌体干重达到了40.13 g/L(对照11.48 g/L),生产周期缩短到30 h(对照48 h),生产强度达到1.409 g/h/L(对照0.876 g/h/L).但是L-酪氨酸的流加对L-苯丙氨酸的最终产量没有明显的影响,因此可认为流加酪氨酸是减少发酵时间并提高生产强度的有效方法.本研究获得的酪氨酸流加方式对L-苯丙氨酸的工业化生产具有一定的指导意义.     

油酸对灵芝液态深层发酵合成羊毛甾醇代谢流分布的影响

通过代谢通量方法在3L搅拌式发酵罐上研究了油酸对灵芝液态深层发酵代谢终产物羊毛甾醇代谢流分布的影响。结果表明,在灵芝的液态深层发酵过程中,添加油酸使合成羊毛甾醇的代谢通量提高45.29%;副产物麦角甾醇的含量由3.84 mg/g降低至0.02 mg/g;羊毛甾醇合成途径(LP)、三羧酸循环(TCA)、磷酸戊糖途径(PP)和糖酵解途径(EMP)的代谢通量比对照组分别提高了29.09%、14.52%、12.22%和2.11%。因此,添加油酸能够加强灵芝液态深层发酵过程中的整体代谢流分布,减少副产物麦角甾醇的积累,提高羊毛甾醇的代谢流量。该研究为下一步灵芝液态深层发酵中灵芝三萜得率的提高奠定研究基础。     

柠檬酸钠对L-组氨酸发酵代谢流分布的影响

目的：建立谷氨酸棒杆菌TL1105生物合成L-组氨酸的代谢网络模型,并进行代谢网络计量分析。方法：通过所构建的L-组氨酸代谢网络模型,利用MATLAB软件计算出添加柠檬酸钠和不添加柠檬酸钠发酵中后期代谢网络的代谢流分布。结果：在L-组氨酸分批发酵过程中,在发酵初期未添加柠檬酸钠的条件下流向戊糖磷酸途径（HMP）的代谢流为9.59,合成组氨酸的代谢流为8.91;在发酵初期添加2g/L柠檬酸钠的条件下流向HMP的代谢流为12.74,合成组氨酸的代谢流为9.61。结论：在发酵初期添加柠檬酸钠能够改变L-组氨酸生物合成途径的关键节点6-磷酸葡萄糖、丙酮酸及乙酰辅酶A的代谢流分布,保持糖酵解途径、三羧酸循环与HMP之间代谢流量平衡,有利于提高L-组氨酸生物合成途径的代谢流量,最终使流向组氨酸的代谢流增加了7.86%。     

添加物对枯草芽胞杆菌γ-聚谷氨酸合成代谢的影响

在枯草芽孢杆菌HCUL-B115代谢网络和发酵特性研究的基础上,通过添加适量的氨基酸、有机酸和维生素对聚γ谷氨酸(γPGA)发酵进行合成代谢进行研究。结果发现,大部分添加物对聚γ谷氨酸的积累都有一定的影响,特别是L谷氨酸、L苯丙氨酸、L精氨酸、L天冬氨酸、L缬氨酸、延胡索酸、草酸、丙二酸、烟酸、维生素B6和抗坏血酸等添加物对菌株HCUL-B115合成聚γ谷氨酸有明显促进作用,添加后产率比不添加任何物质提高20%左右。从代谢层面上分析,这些添加物除了促进菌体自身生长之外,同时防止了菌体对各添加物的过量合成,强化了菌株HCUL-B115合成聚γ谷氨酸的代谢途径。     

头状轮生链霉菌芳香族氨基酸合成途径的调节

对头状轮生链霉菌(Streptoverticillium caespitosus)芳香氨基酸合成途径的研究表明,第一个酶即3—脱氧—α—阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸(DAHP)合成酶无同工酶,不被L-色氨酸阻遏,比活力可被硝酸盐促进。L-色氨酸强烈地反馈抑制此酶,L-酪氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸无作用。L-色氨酸的反馈抑制对磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)是非竞争性的,K_I为373μmol/L。酶对PEP和4-磷酸亦藓糖(E4P)的K_m值分别为50和100μmol/L。PEP和C0²⁺对酶有稳定作用。邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶活力可被1mmol/L L-色氨酸完全抑制,此酶也受L-色氨酸的阻遏,但是色氨酸支路上其余4个酶不被阻遏。分支酸变位酶被L-酪氨酸抑制。L-苯丙氨酸抑制预苯酸脱水酶,并更强地抑制预苯酸脱氢酶。     

葡萄糖酸钙对L-组氨酸发酵的影响及条件优化

目的：提高L-组氨酸的产量并且得出最佳发酵条件。方法：在L-组氨酸的摇瓶发酵实验中,加入20g/L的葡萄糖酸钙,对发酵条件进行优化。结果：L-组氨酸的产量大幅度提高,产酸量由3.00g/L提高到7.50g/L。条件优化后L-组氨酸的产量提高到9.30g/L。结论：发酵培养基中20g/L的葡萄糖酸钙的加入能够诱导葡萄糖酸激酶生成,大幅度提高其比活,增大磷酸戊糖（HMP）途径的通量。有利于L-组氨酸的合成、菌体的生长。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.