三饰叶肢介科(Triglyptidae fam.nov.)的建立及其在叶肢介演化、地层划分对比上的意义

自从Triglypta Wang(1984)属建立以来,在国内、外陆续发现了一个具有针孔状-小网状-线脊状三种装饰的叶肢介化石群。这个化石群的属种装饰揭示它们之间存在亲缘关系,为此建立三饰叶肢介科Triglyptidae fam.nov.。该化石新科在研究叶肢介的系统演化和地层划分对比等方面都具有重要的意义。     

我国冀北西瓜园组丰宁叶肢介模式种形态学再研究（英文）

通过扫描电镜重新研究产自冀北丰宁满族自治县花吉营下白垩统西瓜园组的花吉营丰宁叶肢介(Fengninggrapta huajiyingensis)的正型标本。电镜照相揭示以前光学照相无法分辨的重要分类特征,其中包括:1)胎壳附近窄生长带上的小到中网装饰和密而细的线脊夹小网装饰;2)胎壳附近生长线上的小网装饰;3)靠腹边缘生长带粗壮线脊下端向下接近生长线时膨胀变成三角形"滨生长线瘤"。从而修定丰宁叶肢介的特征描述。     

我国冀北西瓜园组丰宁叶肢介模式种形态学再研究（英文）北大核心CSCD

通过扫描电镜重新研究产自冀北丰宁满族自治县花吉营下白垩统西瓜园组的花吉营丰宁叶肢介(Fengninggrapta huajiyingensis)的正型标本。电镜照相揭示以前光学照相无法分辨的重要分类特征,其中包括:1)胎壳附近窄生长带上的小到中网装饰和密而细的线脊夹小网装饰;2)胎壳附近生长线上的小网装饰;3)靠腹边缘生长带粗壮线脊下端向下接近生长线时膨胀变成三角形"滨生长线瘤"。从而修定丰宁叶肢介的特征描述。     

论非洲叶肢介科的分类

叶肢介化石生长线下缘锯齿状构造曾作为非洲叶肢介科(Afrograptidae)分类的主要特征,通过扫描图像,从比较解剖学研究入手,揭示了现生与化石叶肢介壳瓣的锯齿构造是由于分布于生长线的一排刚毛,基部关节脱落而形成的;分析了生长线刚毛的形态是属于长针形的轴刚毛,主要司触角功能;在5科18属现生叶肢介中,至少3科7属32种具有生长线刚毛,22属化石叶肢介有锯齿构造;作者认为这一构造被视为非洲叶肢介科分类的主要依据是不合适的,壳瓣的放射褶或粗瘤构造在高级分类上更重要,进而对该科的含义进行了厘定;从壳瓣具有多条放射褶这一构造特征来看,它与小叶肢介超科(Estheriellioidea)的成员在发生关系上比较密切,小叶肢介超科可提升为亚目(Estheriellidea),包括小叶肢介超科和非洲叶肢介超科,是中生代初兴起的一个类群。在白垩纪中期消失。     

江西上三叠统安源组叶肢介一新属*

香溪叶肢介亚科(Xiangxiellinae)以壳瓣胎壳较大、壳上具有一条或两条短脊为特征,包括两个属:原单脊叶肢介属(ProtomonocarinaTasch,1962)和香溪叶肢介属(XiangxiellaShen,1976)。该亚科化石广布于世界各地,最早出现于我国晚石炭世,三叠纪末消失。本文建立的新属叉脊叶肢介(Dicerestheriagen.nov.),以胎壳上具有两条呈“人”字形向前后分叉的、粗壮的短脊为特征,与香溪叶肢介的构造特征最为接近。推测新属壳瓣胎壳脊的形成与闭壳肌附着引起的壳瓣变异或与生态环境变化有关。化石产于江西抚州崇礼县礼陂煤矿,上三叠统安源组徐坊段。湘赣一带安源组为一套含煤地层,属于滨海、近海、沼泽沉积区,产半咸水类型的双壳类,时代认为卡尼及早诺利期。植物化石Ptiozamites–Anthrophyopsis组合是诺利期的代表,适宜于热带、亚热带气候,滨海环境生长的群落。因此推测新属是一个生活在炎热、潮湿的热带-亚热带气候近海沼泽环境的类型。     

抚顺雕饰叶肢介科一新属——阿巴嘎旗叶肢介

叶肢介化石的壳饰有三种基本类型,即针孔型、网格型和线脊型。新属阿巴嘎旗叶肢介(Abagaqiella)的壳饰属线脊型。具有线脊型壳饰的叶肢介化石大致有20多个属,分属于Asmussiidae Kobayashi,1954和Fushunograptidae Wang,1974(=Orthestheriida e Chang et Chen,1975)。Abagaqiella gen.nov.属于后一科。这一科的壳饰特征是:线脊直或弯曲,疏或密,大     

安徽繁昌癞痢山东裂隙堆积新发现的早更新世鼠科化石*

1962 年, M. J. Copeland 报道了加拿大北极梅尔维尔岛中–上泥盆统梅尔维尔岛组的叶肢介化石。2014 年秋, 作者对馆藏在加拿大地质调查所的模式标本进行了观察、照相, 发现了一些新的重要的分类特征, 在此予以补充修订。1、壳瓣具有 3–5 条放射脊的翼李氏叶肢介属(Pteroleaia)是梅尔维尔岛泥盆纪最具特色的类型, 与其保存在同一层面上还发现有另一类个体十分微小的棒叶肢介属(Rhabdostichus), 该属与美国中北部及加拿大艾伯塔地区同时代的叶肢介可以对比, 之前这一类型的标本仅见于该地区中–晚泥盆世地层, 其在北极地区的出现为首次报道。同时对归于棒叶肢介科(Rhabdostichidae)的另外两属(Rhabdostichops 和 Archaeositum)的含义进行了甄别, 认为前者建属特征不成立, 后者不应属于该科。2、产于梅尔维尔岛 Dundas 半岛的叶肢介, 个体数量多且密集堆积, 曾被鉴定为 Asmussia canadensis 的那些个体的壳顶都发育有一个细小的、凸起的卵形瘤状构造, 依据这一重要鉴定特征, 其分类位置应属于锥顶叶肢介亚科(Vertexiinae)的犄叶肢介属(Cornia), 从而使这一属的地质历程从石炭纪追溯到中泥盆世。这些化石的修订, 丰富了我们对加拿大北极地区泥盆纪叶肢介面貌的认识, 为研究相关类群的起源、演化提供了新的信息。文中也讨论了李氏叶肢介亚目(Leaiina)三个早期叶肢介类群之间的相互关系, 认为 Pteroleaia (Rostroleaiidae)代表了形态特殊的一个演化分枝, 早仅见于泥盆纪并很快灭绝。壳瓣具有两条放射脊的叶肢介科(如: Leaiidae)被认为是李氏叶肢介亚目的演化主干, 兴盛于石炭纪和二叠纪。广东中泥盆世早期(Givetian)桂头群中的叶肢介组合以 Hepuleaia (Praeleaiidae)为主, 并包含壳瓣具两条放射脊的种类, 该组合是迄今已知李氏叶肢介亚目的最早代表, 这表明该亚目应起源于中国而非欧洲。     

论中国叶肢介科(Sinoestheriidae Chen and Shen,1982)的分类

中国叶肢介科的成员以个体大,生长线粗凸,其上有一排圆瘤,最后几条生长线在后背缘微微反弯曲,生长带宽而平,发育有大网状或线脊状装饰为特征。其个体之大,是叶肢介动物群中的佼佼者。该科原包括4属:Sinoestheria Chang,1957,Ganestheria Bi and Xie,1982,Stanleyviella Chen and Shen,1982及Sentestheria Wang,1981。通过对分类依据及构造特征的厘定,认为Sentestheria应划归于Nestoriidae。新建立2个属:Wanestheria(安徽叶肢介)及Brazilestheria(巴西叶肢介)。该科的地质历程较短,分布于晚侏罗世(Kimmeridgian)至晚白垩世(Coniacian-Santonian)。目前只见于中国、非洲及巴西。本文讨论该科与其它古似渔乡叶肢介类的关系。根据保存十分完好的Ganestheria的标本,对该属具有加厚的脊状背缘及背缘刺的特征做重要补充。     

广东南雄上湖组叶肢介化石的发现——并论中国古新世陆相地层

一、上湖组叶肢介化石发现的意义近十年来,中国早第三纪叶肢介化石的不断发现和报道(王思恩,1974;陈丕基,1975;张文堂等,1976;沈炎彬、陈丕基,1979;沈炎彬、张显球,1979;陈丕基、沈炎彬,1980),从世界范围来讲,是叶肢介化石研究中的一项重大突破和进展,因为在此以前不久,第三纪还被认为是叶肢介演化史上的一个空白锁链(Kobayashi,1972)。中国早第三纪的叶肢介化石,曾被划分为三个叶肢介群(张文堂等,1976;陈丕基、沈炎彬,1979),出现最早的一个原称做Perilimna     

Difalsisca ——叠饰伪转叶肢介新属

叠饰伪转叶肢介(Difalsisca)的特征是初生壳大,背缘末端的后背角反弯曲,装饰为小针网状,在壳的后腹部生长带上有叠网状装饰。新属与伪转叶肢介属(Falsisca)的区别就是具有叠网状装饰,其他特征均相似。叠饰叶肢介科(Diestheriidae Zhang et Chen)是1976年建立的。主要特征是在壳表面原有的网、线和线网状装饰之上又叠覆一层更大的网状物,称为“叠网状装饰”,它主要分布在壳的后腹部生长带上。本科包括叠饰叶肢介属(Di-estheria Chen,1976),新叠饰叶肢介属(Neod-     

贵州寒武纪始海百合类萼部形态定量评价及其意义

始海百合类是贵州寒武纪杷榔动物群和凯里生物群代表性化石类群。产出杷榔动物群和凯里生物群的杷榔组和凯里组主要由灰绿色、灰色的泥、页岩组成,始海百合类化石保存在2个组中上部的泥、页岩中,化石保存好,丰度高,是陆棚斜坡较深水环境生态类群的典型代表。本文基于来自杷榔组的36块Guizhoueocrinus yui,29块Protogloboeocrinus yini标本,和凯里组的20块Sinoeocrinus lui,20块Globoeocrinus globulus标本,采用几何形态测量方法和传统形态测量方法,对每块标本萼部选定了4个界标点(landmark),进行数理统计和几何形态的定量分析。发现寒武纪始海百合类的萼部尺寸上差异较小,在形态上,杷榔组的Protogloboeocrinus yini和Guizhoueocrinus yui萼形相似,均偏细长形,而凯里组的Sinoeocrinus lui和Globoeocrinus globulus萼形差异较大,口部区域宽度均出现增大,萼茎连接处宽度则出现变大和变小两种趋势。结果说明:同一生态环境下寒武纪早期的Guizhoueocrinus yui,和中期的Sinoeocrinus lui的萼在演化上具连续性,细长的萼与长茎能够让始海百合个体更有效捕食上部水域的食物,而寒武纪早期的Protogloboeocrinus yini和中期的Globoeocrinus globulus的萼在形态上具有演化上的连续性。球状的萼配合粗短的茎,可以增强始海百合个体的稳定性,以适应更强的水动力环境,表明出现了生态位的扩张。     

假尾孢属一新种

报道生于蓼属Polygonum sp.植物上的假尾孢属1个新种:余氏假尾孢Pseudocercospora yui Y.L.Guo.文中提供了新种的拉丁文简介、形态描述、绘图及讨论.模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS).     

晚奥陶世鞘藻科化石的研究

记述发现于江西省玉山县王家坝三衢山组的鞘藻目化石,并认为该化石可以和现生鞘藻属进行对比。这是迄今为止世界上最古老的鞘藻化石记录,也是我国鞘藻化石的首次报道。     

中国四川省有瓣蝇类三新种(双翅目:厕蝇科,蝇科)

报道采自中国四川省西部山区有瓣蝇类Calyptraae3新种：厕蝇科Fanniiade厕蝇属Fannia2新种：五枝厕蝇Fannia quinquiramula sp.nov.,虞氏厕蝇Fannia yui sp.nov.;蝇科Muscidae棘蝇属Phaonia 1新种：太子棘蝇Phaonia taizipingga sp.nov.。新种虞氏侧蝇的命名,系对虞以新教授在中国蠓科Ceratopogoinidae等医学昆虫研究所作杰出贡献的敬意。厕蝇科模式标本存中国沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所;蝇科模式标本存北京军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

楼梯草属研究随记

在该文中首次给出革叶楼梯草的雄头状花序描述;还给出樱叶楼梯草雄头状花序的修正描述和兜苞墨脱楼梯草的修正特征集要;写出托叶楼梯草和南川楼梯草二种的分类学修订,其中包括2新变种和2新等级;描述了小叶楼梯草组的1新种和骤尖楼梯草组的3新种;数年前被归并为异名的兜苞墨脱楼梯草和五肋楼梯草得到恢复。     

Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (Ⅰ)

( 1 ) Some taxonomical problems of the genus Clematis mainly about misidentifications are discussed, and some treatments including the reinstatement of Clematis montana var. brevifoliola Kuntze, C. apiifolia var. biternata Makino, C. subumbellata Kurz, C. goudotiana Planch. & Triana, C. insidiosa Baill., C. kockiana Schneid. and C. longicauda A. Rich., and the reduction of subsect. Africanae M. Johnson, C. umbellifera Gagnep., C. pubescens Benth., C. rhodocarpa Rose, C. edentata Baker, C. stoltzi Engler, C. tibetana ssp. vernayi var. dentata Grey-Wilson, C. clarkeana var. stenophylla Hand.-Mazz., C. subfalcata Pei ex M.Y. Fang, C. angustifoliola W. T. Wang, C. dasyandra var. polyantha Finet & Gagnep. etc are given. (2) The new diagnoses for the two subsections of the sect. Meclatis are provided; C. sericea H.B. K. ex DC. and C. grossa Benth. are treated as two varieties of one species; and a new classification of the infraspecific taxa of C. hirsuta Perr & Guill. is made. (3) one subsection, one series, eight species and one variety are described as new. (4) The new occurrences of C. montana var. brevifoliola Kuntze in southern Xizang, China, Nepal, Bhutan and northern Myanmar, C. burmanica Lace in southwestern Yunnan, C. armandii Franch. in Assam, India and northern Myanmar,and C. yui W. T. Wang in northern Myanmar are reported.     

Adaptive evolution of bindin in the genus Heliocidaris is correlated with the shift to direct development

Abstract Sea urchins are widely used to study both fertilization and development. In this study we combine the two fields to examine the evolution of reproductive isolation in the genus Heliocidaris . Heliocidaris tuberculata develops indirectly via a feeding larva, whereas the only other species in the genus, H. erythrogramma , has evolved direct development through a nonfeeding larva. We estimated the time of divergence between H. erythrogramma and H. tuberculata from mitochondrial DNA divergence, quantified levels of gametic compatibility between the two species in cross-fertilization assays, and examined the mode of evolution of the sperm protein bindin by sequencing multiple alleles of the two species. Bindin is the major component of the sea urchin sperm acrosomal vesicle, and is involved in sperm-egg attachment and fusion. Based on our analyses, we conclude that: the two species of Heliocidaris diverged less than five million years ago, indicating that direct development can evolve rapidly in sea urchins; since their divergence, the two species have become gametically incompatible; Heliocidaris bindin has evolved under positive selection; and this positive selection is concentrated on the branch leading to H. erythrogramma . Three hypotheses can explain the observed pattern of selection on bindin: (1) it is a correlated response to the evolution of direct development in H. erythrogramma; (2) it is the result of an intraspecific process acting in H. erythrogramma but not in H. tuberculata; or (3) it is the product of reinforcement on the species that invests more energy into each egg to avoid hybridization.     

云南凤仙花属新类群

记述了云南产凤仙花属(Impatiens L．)19个新种1个新变种。即：长喙凤仙花;怒江凤仙花;德钦凤仙花;德浚凤仙花;片马凤仙花;文山凤仙花;老君山凤仙花;麻栗坡凤仙花;版纳凤仙花;昔马凤仙花;孙氏凤仙花;大关凤仙花;马楠凤仙花;绥江凤仙花;紫溪凤仙花;滇南凤仙花;耳叶棒凤仙花;二甫凤仙花;半坡凤仙花;大甫凤仙花。     

THE GENUS HYPOGLOSSUM KÜTZING (DELESSERIACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC,INCLUDING H. ANOMALUM SP. NOV.1

Observations are made on the occurrence and distribution of the red algal genus Hypoglossum Kützing (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales) in the tropical western Atlantic. In addition to the type of the genus, H. hypoglossoides (Stackh.) Coll. & Herv., three other species are reported: H. anomalum sp. nov., H. involvens (Harv.) J. Ag., and H. tenuifolium (Harv.) J. Ag. A key is presented to distinguish these four species. The newly described species, H. anomalum, is like other species in the genus in that its branches arise endogenously from the primary axial row but it is unique in that the branches emerge from the parent blade at some point between the midline and the margin of the blade. The new species is reported from Puerto Rico and Florida.     

Cytological Observations on Some Species of Dryopteris and Polystichum from China

Cytological observations on five Dryopteris species and four Polystichum species from China are reported. Most of the materials examined were field-fixed in Emei Shan, Sichuan province, and one of them was in Dali Xian, Yunnan province. Only the count of Dryopteris goeringiana was made from the plant brought from Wuling Shan, Beijing and grown in the garden of our Institute. All the materials were fixed in 1:3 acitic acidalcohol, and stained with acetocamine. All the counts were made at diakinesis or metaphase I of meiosis in SMCs .The results of the observation on them are summarized in table 1. Of these, the chromosome numbers for six species are first report. Five species are sexual: diploid: D. goeringiana, D. porosa, D. subinaequalis, D. yui and P. stenoghyllum. Three spe cies are sexual tetraploid: P. acutidens, P. erosum and P. moupingense. Only D. juxtaposita is an apomictic triploid. The vouchers are preserved in the Herbarium of our Institute (PE). We are indebted to Prof. R. C. Ching and C. R. Fraser-Jenkins for identification of the materials.