一千例甘南藏族手纹学分析

本文报道1000例甘南藏族手纹学正常值。各类指端纹型按出现频率的多少依次为:尺箕(Lu)、斗形(W)、双箕(Wd)、桡箕(Lr)、弓形(A)、帐弓(A~t)。掌褶正常型占74.45±0.97、通贯手占8.15±0.61、总指嵴数168.10±51.54、a—b嵴数34.95±8.92、atd角(度)39.18±4.36。     

Distribution of hypothenar radial arches.

A study of the frequency of the radial arch in the hypothenar area has confirmed that there are bimanual and sex differences, and has shown that racial differences in the frequency exist between Whites, Indians, Negros, and a Coloured (mixed racial origin) population. The pattern is not uncommon, and in about 25% of cases there is an associated marginal triradius.     

Dermatoglyphics in cases of hypospadias: New data

Data on digital and palmar dermatoglyphics in 40 males hospitalized at the Urological Clinic of the University of Cagliari are given. Data on hypospadias patients are compared to those of 106 apparently healthy Sardinian males for digital dermatoglyphics and of 180 for palmar dermatoglyphics In hypospadias patients there is a significant decrease of patterns in the hypothenar area and an increase of radial arches in hypothenar area, while for other characteristics the differences are always not significant.     

Remarks on some rare traits of finger and palmar dermatoglyphics

Rare dermatoglyphical patterns of fingers and palms of 26 different Hungarian population groups (males; 3207 individuals, 6414 hands) are compared with that observed in some population groups from the USSR (Buriats, Chookhchees, Kazakhs, Mansi and Komi), Khalkha-Mongolians, and Ethiopians (altogether 838 male individuals, 1676 hands). These patterns are: Radial loops on IV. and V. fingers, absence of triradius "d" on the palms, Ar,Lu and W + S on the hypothenar, Lc/Lr (Bettmann figure) and W + S on the thenar/I, and W on II., III. and IV. interdigital pads. It is pointed out that in addition to population studies these rare traits may also be used in genetic investigations (twin studies) as well as in forensic anthropology (disputed paternity).     

Hypothenar radial arch in man: observations on its distribution, morphology, symmetry, and inheritance

Hypothenar radial arch was found in 2.07% of the males and 2.82% of females in a sample of 2,130 Bulgarians. Persons bearing the pattern on the right hand display the highest frequency, followed by those bearing the pattern bilaterally and those with it on the left hand. A well-expressed tendency of the hypothenar radial arch towards symmetrical occurrence was disclosed through the ratio between the actual and expected frequency of its bilateral occurrence. This ratio is recommended as an efficient estimator of tendency toward symmetry. The presence of the pattern is associated with morphological peculiarities of the other dermatoglyphic features of the palm. Line A ends at two parts of the palm periphery which are extremes of its usual distribution. Line D is shortened and the ridges run more vertically than in palms without the pattern. The connection of the hypothenar radial arch with the border ulnar triradius, along with the observations on the opposite hypothenars in the unilateral cases, provides a support of Wilder's conception concerning the mode of formation of the pattern. A genealogical tree exhibiting transmission of the pattern over three consecutive generations is presented. A pattern of dominant inheritance with a fairly reduced penetrance is compatible with the genealogical data.     

XXXY Klinefelter-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Bei einem 20 Jahre alten Patienten mit eunuchoidem Habitus, Hypogenitalismus, Gebißanomalie und ausgeprägter Debilität wurde der Karyotyp 48,XXXY nachgewiesen. Mundschleimhautzellen waren einfach (50%) und doppelt (ca. 10%) chromatinpositiv. Bei Analyse von 500 polymorphkernigen Granulocyten konnten keine typischen Drumsticks festgestellt werden. Die Untersuchung der Dermatoglyphen ergab an den Fingerbeeren eine Gesamtleistenzahl von 110 und am rechten Hypothenar als besonders auffälliges Merkmal einen radialen Bogen mit ulnarem Triradius bei fehlendem axialen Triradius.

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XXXY Klinefelter's syndrome

Summary Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood leucocytes of a 20-year-old patient with eunuchoid habitus, hypogenitalism, malocclusion and severe mental deficiency revealed a chromosome number of 48 and indicated an XXXY sex chromosome constitution. Cells from buccal smears were sex-chromatin positive, as 50% of the nuclei contained one, and about 10% of the nuclei contained two sex chromatin bodies. Analysing 500 polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes typical drumsticks could not be found. Dermatoglyphic investigations revealed a total ridge count of 110; a radial arch on the right hypothenar without axial triradius, but with an ulnar triradius, seems to be very remarkable.

     

Dermatoglyphics in turner syndrome

Finger and Palmar dermatoglyphics in 25 karyotypically proven cases of Turner syndrome representing Northwestern region of India are presented and compared with those obtained on their 102 normal female counterparts. Predominance of ulnar loops over other patterns was recorded in turner patients. Mean total finger ridge count in Turner syndrome (147.4) remained higher than the normal females (121.1). c-d interdigital ridge count in turners remained significantly (p≤0.05) higher than their normal female counter-parts. In contrast to their western counterparts distal placement of axial triradius in both the palms of none of the Turner syndrome patients representing the current series was recorded. Occurrence of whorls and arches in hypothenar region of 12% and 4% was respectively noticed in right palm of patients. The use of distinctive dermatoglyphic features recorded amongst Turner syndrome patients representing this study may be made to corroborate diagnosis of this entity in settings where facilities to carry out karyotyping do not exist.     

新疆柯尔克孜族肤纹初步研究

本文报道新疆柯尔克孜族肤纹参数的正常值,样本中有男女各500例,本文的研究包括13类,它们是:指纹总嵴数,a-b间嵴数,指纹,指间花纹,大鱼际纹,小鱼际纹,猿线,掌指c三叉缺失,多个t三叉点,(足母)趾球部纹,足小鱼际纹,趾间纹,足跟纹。     

Comparative analysis of qualitative dermatoglyphic traits of Albanian and Turkish populations living in the area of Dukagjin Valley in Kosovo

Dermatoglyphic prints were collected from 800 inhabitants of Dukagjin valley in Kosovo. The sample consisted of two ethnically different sub-populations who refer themselves as Albanians (N = 400) and Turks (N = 400). Qualitative analysis of prints concerned the frequency of the patterns on fingers (arch, ulnar and radial loop, whorl, accidental whorl) and on palms (Thenar and I, II, III, and IV interdigital area and the hypothenar, main line index, and the axial "t" triradius position). As was expected due to previous study of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits, in the same population the Alba-nians and Turks showed to be significantly different in most explored qualitative dermatoglyphic variables. Found differences indicated that the reproductive isolation between the Albanian and Turkish population in Kosovo is substantial, despite the fact that those two ethnic sub-populations live in the close vicinity through several centuries.     

Arches of the hand in reach to grasp

Topographically, the hand is described by its anterior (palmar) and posterior (dorsal) surfaces that encompass a hollow cavity that changes its shape during hand preshaping and grasping according to the object to be grasped. The hollow cavity has been described as consisting of three arches that run in different directions: transverse, longitudinal and oblique, spanning the anterior surface of the hand. Although described anatomically, the modulation in the palmar arches has not been investigated kinematically during actual grasping. In this study, we describe and compare biomechanical formulations of the palmar arch, specifically, the distal transverse and the oblique arches. In addition, we introduce another biomechanical formulation of the palmar arch, called the kinematic transverse arch that takes account of the thenar and hypothenar involvement in arch formation. Hand shape modulation during two natural power-grasping tasks was studied in eight healthy adults. Results showed a significant influence of the overall contribution of thenar and hypothenar movement during hand shape modulation. While there was relatively more thenar contribution during transport shaping, more hypothenar contribution was evident during preshaping and contact shaping-the two phases of grasping during which the hand establishes contact with the object. The advantage of the new formulation is that it better described the contributions from thenar and hypothenar movement to palmar arch formation which may be a more accurate depiction of hand preshaping during grasping.     

Absence of triradius d in a three-generation pedigree and other variations of main-line D

An example is reported of a rare dermatoglyphic variant (absence of triradius d) in a woman of mixed European and Cherokee American Indian ancestry. This variant was not present in her parents, her five siblings, four nephews or one niece. Attention is drawn to the continuum from an absent triradius d to a triradius with an abbreviated main-line associated with either an open field in interdigital area IV, or a loop in interdigital area IV or a tented arch at d. This same continuum occurs at c. The absent triradius at d is extremely rare and the tented arch at d is very rare.     

Dermatoglyphic characteristics of a population from the central Rhodopes (south Bulgaria)

The finger and palmar prints of a total of 386 individuals (182 males and 204 females) at an age between 10 and 18 years from the region of the villages Petkovo and Banite, situated along the river Malka Arda in the Central Rhodopes, were studied. The following dermatoglyphic traits were analyzed: pattern intensity index (PII), the main line or Cummin's index (MLI), the frequencies of the proximal palmar triradius (t), the true hypothenar patterns (Hy) and the accessory interdigital triradii (AIT). The specific dermatoglyphic complexes after Heet were also determined for the population under study. A peculiarity of this population is the appearance of a clearly expressed Eastern Complex (EC), which accounts for 53.1% in the males and for 48.8% in the females. These values of EC and the calculated dermatoglyphic distances (DD) after Heet show a similarity between the examined population and a number of populations from the Volga region, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia and Siberia. This similarity could be explained with the preservation of the genetic heritage of the proto-Bulgarians, one of the three main components of the modern Bulgarians.     

Sporadic familial polydactyly

Polydactyly is one of the most common congenital deformities of the hands. It can occur as an Isolated disorder, in association with other malformations of the hands or feet, or as part of a syndrome. It can occur sporadically but it can also be inherited with a mainly autosomal dominant inheritance. We present a family with three out of four members of the last generation with no previous history of polydactyly. Although the affected children presented different phenotypes of polydactyly, probably all three cases were the result of the same mutation seen in one of the parents. In addition no syndromic association could be found. Our experience with the management of this family's members is presented and possible etiological factors and treatment modalities are discussed.     

Effect of prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs on dermal ridge patterns of fingers

BACKGROUND: An altered frequency of specific dermal ridge patterns on fingertips, such as an increased number of arches, has been observed in children exposed in utero to anticonvulsants and other teratogens. Asymmetry of the distribution of dermal ridge patterns has been attributed to environmental exposures and genetic factors. METHODS: We evaluated all of the dermal ridge patterns of 66 children who had been exposed to either the anticonvulsant phenytoin alone or phenytoin and phenobarbital. We determined the frequency of each pattern, concordance between the fingers on the left and right hands, sex differences and total ridge counts in the drug-exposed children and compared them to the findings in 716 unexposed comparison children. The frequency of each pattern was established in comparison to the most common type of pattern (ulnar loop), which showed that there were alterations in the frequency of arches, radial loops and whorls on specific fingers. RESULTS: Eight (12.1%) of 66 children had three or more arch patterns, with all but one having been exposed to phenytoin and phenobarbital. Only one of these eight children was considered by the masked examiner to have fingernail hypoplasia. There was no evidence of asymmetry in the anticonvulsant-exposed children. There were minor differences in the distribution of total ridge count. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle differences in several dermal ridge patterns, not just arch patterns, were present in anticonvulsant-exposed children, primarily in those exposed to polytherapy: phenytoin and phenobarbital.     

Variability of palmprint ridge density in a North Indian population and its use in inference of sex in forensic examinations

Fingerprints and palmprints are unique to an individual, and these biometric characters are used in the identification of individuals. In the recent past, ridge density (ridge count in a defined area) has been explored for its applicability in inference of sex from the fingerprints and palmprints recovered at the crime scene. The present research aims to study the variability of palmprint ridge density in a North Indian population, and its significance in inference of sex in forensic examinations. The sample consisted of 157 healthy young adults (110 females and 47 males) from Shimla city in North India. Bilateral palmprints were taken from all the participants following standard methods. The palmprints were manually analyzed in four defined areas of each palmprint that included the central prominent part of the thenar eminence (P1), the mount distal to the axial triradius on the hypothenar region (P2), the mount proximal to the triradius of the second digit (P3) and the mount proximal to the triradius of the fifth digit (P4). The ridge density was calculated diagonally using a square measuring 5 mm × 5 mm. The sex differences in palmprint ridge densities were statistically analyzed for each of the designated areas using statistical considerations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to test the overall ability of the palmprint ridge densities obtained from each area in inference of sex. The mean palmprint ridge density was found to be significantly greater in females than in males in all the four defined areas of the palmprint. Ridge densities in P3 and P4 areas of the palmprint showed statistically significant bilateral differences in both males and females. The study observed variations in the ridge density between the four designated areas of the palmprint. Based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC), maximum sexing potential for the palmprint ridge density was observed in the P4 area, followed by P3 area on both right and left sides. ROC analysis of the total palmprint ridge density indicated that the sexing accuracy from the right and left palmprint ridge densities was 70.2% and 71.8% respectively. The study shows variability of palmprint ridge density among sexes and in different regions of the palm on both sides. In view of the considerable overlapping in male and female values and lower levels of accuracy obtained in ROC analysis, the present research concludes that the palmprint ridge density cannot be used as an effective tool in inference of sex. However, in absence of other more reliable means/evidence, it still can be considered as a supportive trait in sex inference.     

Three palmar dermatoglyphic traits and their asymmetry in Bulgarian right-, mixed- and left-handers

Summary: In a sample, comprising 264 right-, 246 mixed- and 360 left-handers (RH, MH and LH, correspondingly), the atd-angle, the a-b ridge count and the hypothenar radial arch were investigated, the asymmetry of both quantitative traits differentiated into directional (DA) and fluctuating (FA) one. Except for the FA of the a-b ridge count in females, which decreased significantly from RH to LH, the trends observed in the relations between the investigated dermatoglyphic values and handedness were not significant. In both quantitative traits the most important finding was the categorical left-palm excess over the right palm, since it was significantly related to sex and handedness, being much more expressed in females than in males and in the non-right-handers than in the right-handers. The hypothenar radial arch, along with its considerably higher frequency in females than in males and on the right palm than on the left, as well as its rarity combined with a very high symmetry, displayed another interesting peculiarity. The pattern was 3.9-fold more frequent in the MH and 3.4-fold more frequent in the LH as compared to RH. As witnessed by the odds ratio, if a given palm belongs to a non-right-hander, the probability that it bears a hypothenar radial arch is nearly 4-fold higher than if it were a palm of a right-hander. Arguments are adduced that left-handedness, although not a pathological character is, to say the least, a modified condition and that, similarly, the hypothenar radial arch is a subnormal dermatoglyphic finding. If such is the case, their relationship found by the present study is not surprising, although its causal background still remains unclear.     

台湾闽南汉人肤纹学研究

本文报导台湾闽南汉人的肤纹参数,样本包括100名男性和100名女性。研究的项目有TFRC、a-b RC、atd、tPD、指纹、指间纹、手大小鱼际、猿线、指三角等,并且还分析了同名指指纹对应的情况,见到非随机组合的现象。这是对闽南汉人肤纹较详尽的调查,为人类学、遗传学和医学等提供了较完整的肤纹数据。     

The 'loge de Guyon'. A contribution to the clinical anatomy of the human hand

In 40 hands of adults the 'loge de Guyon', a narrow bounded area within the proximal hypothenar region, has been dissected to realize an exact determination of the important characteristics of size. Beside measurements of the wall structures in the region of the pisiform bone, the hook of hamate and the entrances of the loge, variations of muscles and the position of the ulnar artery and nerve with their terminal branches have also been examined. The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery crosses the rami of the ulnar nerve on the palmar side in 65% of cases. The branch of the artery crosses on the dorsal side in 30% and in 5% the ramus profundus of the ulnar artery runs between both terminal branches of the ulnar nerve. The clinical significance of the loge is emphasized, whereas the irregular nomenclature in the national and international literature is discussed in detail.     

Furrows and dermal ridges of the hand in patients with alcohol embryopathy

Summary Palmar creases and dermal ridge patterns of 34 patients with alcohol embryopathy are compared with 470 healthy individuals. In alcohol embryopathy several typical deviations were noted. Palmar Creases. The interdigital part of the distal palmar crease is generally sharply bent, the proximal transverse crease is hypoplastic or missing, the thenar crease is commonly well marked. Simian creases and bridged palmar creases are more common in patients with alcohol embryopathy than in healthy individuals. Ridge Patterns of the Palm. The main line D coming from triradius d in patients with alcohol embryopathy mostly shows a low type of ending in the fourth interdigital area; in this area loops are twice as common as in healthy individuals. Patterns of the Fingertips. No deviations were noted in the distribution of whorls and loops, but virtually no arches were observed in patients with alcohol embryopathy. These anomalies suggest embryonic damage in the twelvth week of gestation.