Seed structure in Crocus sativus L. ×, C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM

Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is a sterile triploid geophyte widely cultivated for the production of the spice saffron and only reproduced by means of corms. Extensive research has identified Crocus cartwrightianus Herb. as being a probable progenitor of C. sativus. However, other diploid Crocus species of the same C. sativus group, such as C. thomasii Ten. and C. hadriaticus Herb., have been considered as possible progenitors of saffron. Of the characteristics for distinguishing critical genera, species and intraspecific taxa of angiosperms, the most widely adopted have been seed organisation and patterns of spermoderma microstructure detected at SEM. The aim of this study is to use SEM to analyse the seeds of C. sativus ×, a cross obtained by C. sativus with pollen of C. cartwrightianus Herb. and the seeds of allopollinated C. cartwrightianus, C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. Results indicate that the seed surface microstructure of C. sativus × is very similar to that of C. cartwrightianus while being different from those of C. thomasii and C. hadriaticus.     

C.P.S.—Its Strengths and Weaknesses

The following, a supplement to the annual report of the Board of Trustees of California Physicians'' Service that was published in the March 1961 issue of California Medicine, was delivered at the 1961 Annual Session of the House of Delegates by Dr. John G. Morrison, chairman of the board.     

Comment on “Selection system efficiencies for computer-simulated progeny test field designs in loblolly pine” J. A. Loo-Dinkins,C. G. Tauer and C. C. Lambeth

Loo-Dinkins et al. reported relatively poor realized gains from selecting individuals on departures from the means of small multi-tree plots. This could be largely attributed to disregarding a heritability of plot effects.Communicated by R. D. Burdon     

Substrate specificity of an α-amino acid ester hydrolase produced by Acetobacter turbidans A.T.C.C. 9325

A partially purified preparation of an alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase was obtained from Acetobacter turbidans A.T.C.C. 9325, which catalyses synthesis of 7-(d-alpha-amino-alpha-phenylacetamido)-3-cephem-3-methyl-4- carboxylic acid (cephalexin) from methyl d-alpha-aminophenylacetate and 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. The enzyme preparation catalysed both cephalosprin synthesis from 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid and suitable amino acid esters (e.g. methyl d-alpha-aminophenylacetate, l-cysteine methyl ester, glycine ethyl ester, d-alanine methyl ester, methyl dl-alpha-aminoiso-butyrate, l-serine methyl ester, d-leucine methyl ester, l-methionine methyl ester) and the hydrolysis of such esters. The substrate specificity of the enzyme preparation for the hydrolysis closely paralleled the acyl-donor specificity for cephalosporin synthesis, even to the reaction rates. Only alpha-amino acid derivatives could act as acyl donors. The hydrogen atom on the alpha-carbon atom was not always required by acyl donors. The hydrolysis rate was markedly diminished by adding 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid to reaction mixtures, but no effect on the total reaction rate (the hydrolysis rate plus synthesis rate) was observed with various concentrations of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. Both the hydrolytic and the synthetic activities of the enzyme preparation were inhibited by high concentrations of some acyl donors (e.g. methyl d-alpha-aminophenylacetate, ethyl d-alpha-aminophenylacetate). The enzyme preparation hydrolysed alpha-amino acid esters much more easily than alpha-amino acid derivatives with an acid-amide bond.     

辣椒C. frutescens × C. chinense种间杂种的获得与鉴定

运用有性杂交方法,以强辣灌木辣椒Capsicum frutescens H101为母本(P1)、强辣C.chinense PI439487为父本(P2)进行种间杂交,获得了C.frutescens×C.chinense种间杂种。对种间杂种F125个表型性状进行了观察比较,结果表明:F1在生长势方面具有明显的杂种优势,其他表型性状则多介于P1与P2之间。SRAP分析显示,F1与P1、P2共有带220条,占总位点数的53.92%,与P1或P2共有带143条,占35.05%,F1特异带和特异缺失带12条,点2.95%。F1与P1遗传相似系数为0.749,大于其与P2的遗传相似系数(0.740),说明杂种在DNA水平上更趋向于母本。C.frutescens×C.chinense种间杂种的获得,为C.chinense香味和多花基因的转移及新材料创制奠定了基础。     

C.血液制品的制造要求

<正>1.建筑设施 用于分离血浆的建筑设施,应具备特定的规模和结构,其位置应设立在便于生产操作、清洁和按照卫生通则进行保养的场所。它们应符合修订的第1号生物制品规程(生产单位和检定实验室的基本要求)。另外,还应提供充足的空间、光线以及为下列工作所需的通风系统。     

邓叔群(S.C.Teng)先生生平

1902年12月12日出生于福建省福州市。 1915年考入北京清华学堂。 1923年赴美国康奈尔大学留学取得农学士、森林学硕士学位。 1925—1928年攻读康奈尔大学植物病理学博士并被授予全美国最高科学学会 PHI-KAPPA-PHI和SIGMA-XI两枚金钥匙证章并成为其荣誉会员。 1928年回国,任岭南大学、金陵大学和中央大学一级教授。 1932—1941年历任中国科学社生物研究所、中央自然历史博物馆、中华教育文化基金董事会和中央研究院动植物研究所研究员、中央研究院林业实验研究所副所长。 1941—1946年任甘肃省水利林牧公司林业部经理。 1948年当选…     

C.M.威廉斯教授、马可副教授来华访问

<正> 美国国家科学院院士、哈佛大学荣誉教授、国际著名的昆虫生理学家C.M.威廉斯教授(Carroll Williams)和美国马里兰大学昆虫系马可副教授分别应中国科学院和动物研究所的邀请于8月30日—9月27日来中国访问并进行学术交流,先后在北京、上海、杭州等地作学术报告12次、学术讨论5次。长江以北的农业院校、科研单位的教师、科研工作者等140多人参加了北京的学术活动。     

Interspecific Transition Among Caragana microphylla,C. davazamcii and C. korshinskii Along Geographic Gradient. Ⅰ. Ecological and RAPD Evidence

The former plant population survey has shown that three genetically-related species, Caragana microphylla Lam., C. davazamcii Sancz. and C. korshinskii Kom., form a geographical replacement series in Nei Mongol Plateau. The present study on population distribution, taxonomy, morphology, development and genetic structure demonstrated that the geographical distribution of these three species was successive and in gradual change, thus forming a geographical cline which extended from the east to the west of Nei Mongol Plateau. With an analysis of climate change over time, it was considered that the formation of this geographical cline was a result of plant adaptation to its natural environment.     

Microbial metabolism of aromatic nitriles. Enzymology of C–N cleavage by Nocardia sp. (Rhodochrous group) N.C.I.B. 11216

1. An organism utilizing benzonitrile as sole carbon and nitrogen source was isolated by the enrichment-culture technique and identified as a Nocardia sp. of the rhodochrous group. 2. Respiration studies indicate that nitrile degradation proceeds through benzoic acid and catechol. 3. Cell-free extracts of benzonitrile-grown cells contain an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of benzonitrile directly into benzoic acid without intermediate formation of benzamide. 4. This nitrilase enzyme was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 in the presence and absence of substrate. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. 5. The enzyme shows a time-dependent substrate-activation process in which the substrate catalyses the association of inactive subunits of mol.wt. 45000 to form the polymeric 12-unit active enzyme of mol.wt. 560000. The time required for complete association is highly dependent on the concentration of the enzyme, temperature and pH. 6. The associated enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.0 and K(m) with benzonitrile as substrate of 4mm. The activation energy of the reaction as deduced from the Arrhenius plot is 51.8kJ/mol. 7. Enzyme activity is inhibited by thiol-specific reagents and several metal ions. 8. Studies with different substrates indicate that the nitrilase is specific for nitrile groups directly attached to the benzene ring. Various substituents in the ring are compatible with activity, though ortho-substitution, except by fluorine, renders the nitrile invulnerable to attack. 9. The environmental implications of these findings and the possible significance of the enzyme in the regulation of metabolism are discussed.