介质Ca2+和La3+对酿酒酵母生长的影响

采用正交实验研究了外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母生长的影响。结果表明：外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母的生长均有显著的影响,都呈现出低浓度时正效应和高浓度时负效应,当Ｃａ^２＋浓度为１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及Ｌａ^３＋浓度为１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酿酒酵母生长最好。     

稀土La~(3 )跨PC12细胞膜行为研究

使用AR-CM-M1C阳离子测定系统,发展Fura-2荧光测定技术,将其应用于测定细胞内游离稀土离子La3+,并以此研究了La3+跨PC12细胞(大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞)膜的行为.结果表明:在模拟细胞内离子组分,pH=7.05的溶液中,测得La3+-Fura-2的表观解离常数为3.27×10-11mol@L-1.对于PC12细胞,静息条件下La3+不能跨越细胞膜进入胞内.与钙离子通道相关的KCI和去甲肾上腺素均不能刺激稀土La3+过膜.用哇巴因(ouabain)使胞内Na+超载后,La3+可过膜进入细胞内,且过膜量与胞外La3+浓度和胞内Na+超载程度有一定的浓度依赖关系,提示La3+可以经由Na+/La3+交换机制过膜而进入细胞内.     

Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白和植物耐盐性

Na⁺H⁺逆向转运蛋白对植物耐盐起着重要作用 ,它利用质膜H⁺ATPase或液泡膜H⁺ATPase及Ppiase泵H+产生的驱动力把Na⁺排出细胞或在液泡中区隔化以消除Na⁺的毒害。主要讨论植物中Na⁺H⁺逆向转运蛋白研究在分子水平的最新进展.     

河豚毒素和Cd2+对Zn2+诱发爆发波放电的影响

本文用微电极细胞内电位记录、通道阻断剂和放射性同位素等技术发现,锌离子可诱发爆发波放电(BD),钠通道阻断剂——河豚毒素对BD无效应,而钙通道阻断剂——Ca²⁺则可使BD消失,Cd²⁺可使[⁶⁵Zn²⁺]_i量减少。以上结果说明,Zn²⁺诱发BD的产生机理很可能是Zn²⁺代替Ca²⁺通过钙通道进入胞内引起的。     

Ca2+参与水霉菌丝细胞壁修饰的证据

以细胞壁崩溃酶-Driselflse短时间处理水霉(Saprozegma ferax)菌丝,pH5．0时可使原生质从菌丝亚顶端喷出,pH6．0～8．0时则不导致该现象发生;适当浓度EGTA的存在,可提高pH5．0时酶解引起的原生质喷出频率、使pH6．0～8．0时生长菌丝的顶端原生质也喷出、并且喷出多发生在菌丝最顶端;外加CaCl₂．不抑制菌丝顶端原生质的喷出,排除了Ca²⁺抑制酶活性的可能。随后的跟踪观察显示,长时间以缺Ca²⁺培养介质培养菌丝,同样能够导致菌丝顶端原生质喷出。上述研究结果表明,培养介质中Ca²⁺和H⁺对菌丝完整性的维持起调节作用,细胞壁上的Ca²⁺可能参与了水霉菌丝细胞壁物理特性的修饰。     

大鼠前脂细胞质膜Na+/H+交换同时参与细胞的增殖和分化

以原代培养的大鼠前脂细胞为模型 ,以 2′ ,7′ bis ( 2 carboxyethyl) 5 ( 6 ) carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)作为检测胞内pH(pHi)的荧光探针 ,测定不同生长因子刺激下胞内pH的变化 ,证明大鼠肾周前脂细胞质膜存在Na⁺/H⁺交换活性 ,胎牛血清(FCS)能快速激活Na⁺/H⁺交换 ,导致pHi升高 (约 0 .2pH单位 ) ,并引起DNA合成 .Ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA)抑制Na⁺/H⁺交换与DNA合成 .在无血清条件下 ,胰岛素不刺激DNA合成但引起细胞分化 ,表现为胞内脂滴积累和 3 磷酸 甘油脱氢酶(G₃ PDH酶 )活性增强 ,同时激活Na⁺/H⁺交换活性导致pHi升高 ;EIPA既抑制胰岛素对Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活 ,也抑制G₃ PDH酶活性增强 .结果证明 :Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活不仅与大鼠前脂细胞增殖相关 ,同时也是细胞分化的早期事件 .     

川楝素对K+、Ca2+通道活动及细胞内Ca2+浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物，已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放，有效地对抗肉毒中毒，促进细胞分化、凋亡，抑制肿瘤增殖，抑制昆虫发育和取食，影响K⁺、Ca²⁺通道活动等多种生物效应. 综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K⁺通道，选择地易化L型Ca²⁺通道和进而升高胞内Ca⁺浓度的研究资料，并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.     

抗VacA+CagA+幽门螺杆菌IgY的抗感染作用研究*

为研究抗VacA⁺CagA⁺幽门螺杆菌(Hp)IgY的抗感染作用,以VacA⁺CagA+Hp为抗原免疫蛋鸡,聚乙二醇法和水稀释法从鸡卵黄中提取抗-VacA⁺CagA⁺Hp-IgY,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定IgY抗体效价。建立胃腔感染VacA⁺CagAHp的昆明系小鼠模型,观察抗-VacA⁺CagA⁺     

西伯利亚白刺质膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因NsSOS1的分离及表达分析

采用同源克隆技术分离了西伯利亚白刺(Nitraria sibirica)质膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因NsSOS1,并对其在不同胁迫条件下的表达特性进行了分析。NsSOS1包含3 516bp开放阅读框(ORF),编码1 171个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为128.34kD。生物信息学分析显示,NsSOS1包含12个跨膜结构域,具有植物SOS1蛋白的保守结构域。系统发育分析表明,NsSOS1与其他植物质膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白处于同一个次级分化群,与锦葵科海滨锦葵KvSOS1亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,NsSOS1基因在西伯利亚白刺的根和叶中表达量较高;其表达受到非生物胁迫(NaCl、低温、干旱)和外源激素(MeJA和GA)的诱导,表明NsSOS1基因在西伯利亚白刺抵御逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

短期NaCl胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗K+吸收和Na+、K+积累的影响

为研究盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及Na⁺、K⁺的吸收和积累规律,以中国春、洲元9369和长武134等3种耐盐性不同小麦品种为材料,采用非损伤微测技术检测盐胁迫2 d后的根系K⁺离子流变化,并对植株体内的Na⁺、K⁺含量进行测定。结果表明:短期(2d)盐胁迫对小麦生长有抑制作用,且对根系的抑制大于地上部,耐盐品种下降幅度小于盐敏感品种。盐胁迫下,小麦根际的 K⁺大量外流,盐敏感品种中国春K⁺流速显著高于耐盐品种长武134,最高可达15倍。小麦幼苗地上部分和根系均表现为Na⁺积累增加,K⁺积累减少,Na⁺/K⁺比随盐浓度增加而上升。中国春限Na⁺能力显著低于长武134,Na⁺/K⁺则显著高于长武134。综上所述,盐胁迫下造成小麦组织器官中Na⁺/K⁺比上升的主要原因是根系K⁺大量外流和Na⁺的过量积累,耐盐性不同的小麦品种间差异显著,并认为根系对K⁺的保有能力可能是作物耐盐性评价的一个重要指标。     

Ce^3+和La^3+对人工老化沙葱种子活力及生理特性的影响

以未老化和人工老化后的沙葱(Allium mongolicum Regel.)种子为材料,采用氯化铈(Ce3+)和氯化镧(La3+)浸种,测定种子萌发和生理指标,探讨Ce3+和La3+浸种对种子萌发、老化种子活力和生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)在老化0~5 h时,Ce3+和La3+处理可显著促进沙葱种子萌发,提高种子活力;在老化5 h后,Ce3+和La3+处理对种子萌发无明显促进作用。(2)在老化0~15 h时,Ce3+和La3+处理的沙葱种子中抗氧化酶活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量提高,其超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低;在老化15 h后,Ce3+和La3+处理的种子抗氧化酶活性提高、AsA含量降低,O2-·产生速率和MDA含量提高。(3)在老化5 h时,沙葱种子呼吸速率发生跃变达到最大,Ce3+和La3+处理显著降低了种子呼吸速率。(4)Ce3+和La3+处理在老化0~5 h时提高了沙葱种子超弱发光(UWL)强度,但在老化5 h后沙葱种子的UWL强度降低。研究认为,在沙葱种子人工老化初期,Ce3+和La3+浸种处理可以诱导增强种子抗氧化酶活性和提高AsA含量,有效清除因老化产生积累的过量活性氧(ROS),减轻过氧化伤害,提高种子活力;种子老化中后期,其内部ROS产生与清除系统发生紊乱,加剧了ROS对种子结构的损伤,Ce3+和La3+浸种处理的缓解效应丧失。     

长苞香蒲对人工盐碱湿地Na+和K+的吸收与转运特征

为揭示长苞香蒲(Typha domingensis)对盐生湿地生态系统中Na⁺和K⁺的吸收与转运特征,探讨长苞香蒲对盐生湿地的生态修复效果,该研究采用人工模拟盐生湿地的方法,设置CK(对照)、T1(浇灌100 mmol·L^-1盐水)、T2(浇灌200 mmol·L^-1盐水)及T3(浇灌300 mmol·L^-1盐水)4种不同盐浓度的人工湿地生态系统,并分别于5月5日(开始盐胁迫处理,S0)、5月30日(S1)、6月30日(S2)和7月30日(S3)测量其株高和干重、植株地上与地下部分Na⁺和K⁺的含量以及底泥和水体中Na⁺和K⁺的含量以分析长苞香蒲对盐碱湿地的脱盐作用。结果表明：(1)各处理的长苞香蒲的株高和干重随着处理时间的延长呈增加趋势,但与CK相比,各处理生长量随盐浓度升高出现下降趋势。(2)高浓度盐处理(T3)使长苞香蒲的地上部分和地下部分的Na⁺分别增加了2.5...     

Electrophysiological Characterization of the Rat Epithelial Na+ Channel (rENaC) Expressed in MDCK Cells : Effects of Na+ and Ca2+

The epithelial Na⁺ channel (ENaC), composed of three subunits (α, β, and γ), is expressed in several epithelia and plays a critical role in salt and water balance and in the regulation of blood pressure. Little is known, however, about the electrophysiological properties of this cloned channel when expressed in epithelial cells. Using whole-cell and single channel current recording techniques, we have now characterized the rat αβγENaC (rENaC) stably transfected and expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Under whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, the αβγrENaC-expressing MDCK cells exhibited greater whole cell Na⁺ current at −143 mV (−1,466.2 ± 297.5 pA) than did untransfected cells (−47.6 ± 10.7 pA). This conductance was completely and reversibly inhibited by 10 μM amiloride, with a Ki of 20 nM at a membrane potential of −103 mV; the amiloride inhibition was slightly voltage dependent. Amiloride-sensitive whole-cell current of MDCK cells expressing αβ or αγ subunits alone was −115.2 ± 41.4 pA and −52.1 ± 24.5 pA at −143 mV, respectively, similar to the whole-cell Na⁺ current of untransfected cells. Relaxation analysis of the amiloride-sensitive current after voltage steps suggested that the channels were activated by membrane hyperpolarization. Ion selectivity sequence of the Na⁺ conductance was Li⁺ > Na⁺ >> K⁺ = N-methyl-d-glucamine⁺ (NMDG⁺). Using excised outside-out patches, amiloride-sensitive single channel conductance, likely responsible for the macroscopic Na⁺ channel current, was found to be ∼5 and 8 pS when Na⁺ and Li⁺ were used as a charge carrier, respectively. K⁺ conductance through the channel was undetectable. The channel activity, defined as a product of the number of active channel (n) and open probability (P _o), was increased by membrane hyperpolarization. Both whole-cell Na⁺ current and conductance were saturated with increased extracellular Na⁺ concentrations, which likely resulted from saturation of the single channel conductance. The channel activity (nP _o) was significantly decreased when cytosolic Na⁺ concentration was increased from 0 to 50 mM in inside-out patches. Whole-cell Na⁺ conductance (with Li⁺ as a charge carrier) was inhibited by the addition of ionomycin (1 μM) and Ca²⁺ (1 mM) to the bath. Dialysis of the cells with a pipette solution containing 1 μM Ca²⁺ caused a biphasic inhibition, with time constants of 1.7 ± 0.3 min (n = 3) and 128.4 ± 33.4 min (n = 3). An increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration from <1 nM to 1 μM was accompanied by a decrease in channel activity. Increasing cytosolic Ca²⁺ to 10 μM exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect. Single channel conductance, however, was unchanged by increasing free Ca²⁺ concentrations from <1 nM to 10 μM. Collectively, these results provide the first characterization of rENaC heterologously expressed in a mammalian epithelial cell line, and provide evidence for channel regulation by cytosolic Na⁺ and Ca²⁺.     

钙离子通道蛋白的研究进展

钙离子是最广泛存在的细胞内信使,调控着几乎所有生命过程。最近的结构生物学研究解析了很多不同种类的钙离子通道在不同开放-关闭状态下的近原子分辨率结构。有关进展揭示了这些通道的分子组成、动态活动、生理功能、调控修饰的分子基础,为阐明钙信号转导和相关疾病的微观机制提供了理论基础.     

The Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger Is Essential for Embryonic Heart Development in Mice

The cardiac Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchanger 1 (NCX1) is thought to be the major calcium extrusion mechanism and to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular calcium in the heart. The Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchanger is particularly abundant in the heart, although it is found in a variety of other tissues. To investigate the role of NCX1, we have generated NCX1-deficient mice. Mice heterozygous for the NCX1 mutation showed no discernable phenotype, grew normally, and were fertile; however, no viable homozygote was observed among 175 offspring obtained from intercrosses of heterozygotes. All the homozygous mutant mice died in utero before E10.5. Morphological analysis indicated that homozygotes of NCX1 mutation at E9.5 died with an underdeveloped heart with a dilated pericardium. Microscopic analysis of these embryos showed myocardial cell loss due to apoptosis. The apoptosis was first observed in E8.5 mutant heart. Areas outside the heart appeared normal in the mutant embryos at E8.5. In contrast, at E9.0, various regions of mutant embryos showed extensive cell loss. These results suggest that mutant embryos die owing to cardiac abnormalities caused by apoptotic cell loss, indicating that NCX1 is essential for normal development of the heart.     

蛋白质感染颗粒与二价铜离子

蛋白质感染颗粒（PrP）的错误折叠被认为是引起一些神经退化性疾病的主因,但其正常构象（PrP^C）的功能却一直不为人所知．近年来研究发现,在正常细胞中,尤其是脑细胞中,细胞膜PrP^C可通过内吞作用进入细胞质而将Cu²⁺载运至SOD1,从而参与调节SOD1 的活性及细胞铜代谢．另有研究表明,Cu²⁺对于PrP^Sc（错误构象）的蛋白水解酶K抗性的恢复及不同“病株”的形成也有很重要的作用.