四种禾本科牧草植物蒸腾速率与水分利用效率的比较

报道了４种热带亚热带禾本科牧草植物的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的日变化图式,并就它们与叶面光强、叶面温度、气孔导度等参数之间的相关关系进行了分析．结果如下：（１）蒸腾速率因牧草种类不同而有差异,墨西哥玉米、矮象草．杂交狼尾草、皇草的日平均蒸腾速率分别为２．４７、１．３８、２．５３、２．９０ｍｍｏｌ ｍ－２ｓ－１;（２）正午前后（１０：００－１４：００）是４种牧草植物蒸腾耗水的主要时期;（３）虽然矮象草的净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化图式与其它３种牧草之间存在较大的差异,但水分利用效率日变化差异则很小;（４）不同牧草种类对正午前后高光强高温的适应策略存在差异,墨西哥玉米、杂交狼尾草、皇草采用了相同或相近的适应策略,即通过维持气孔扩张最大程度地蒸腾水分以降低叶温,矮象草则通过关闭气孔以减轻因水分过度消耗带来的伤害（５）４种禾本科牧草植物具有忍受或适应华南夏季炎热高温气候的能力或潜力,在热带亚热地区有推广价值和发展前景．     

美国生物圈二号内生长在高CO2浓度下的10种植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率…

报道了美国生物圈二号内生长在高ＣＯ２浓度下（〉２２００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１）４．５年后的５种热带雨林植物和５种荒漠植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的变化,结果表明,热带雨林植物在ＣＯ２浓度为３５０～４００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１时的气孔导度,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率分别为：（１２７．４±６５．６）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,（２．０４±０．６１）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和（２．９０±０．５     

庐山银杏光合特性的研究

庐山山地上的银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬｉｎｎ．）,其叶片的光合作用在夏季晴天有明显的午休现象,这可能与气孔关闭和光抑制有关．其光补偿点为２５μｍｏｌ（ｐｈｏｔｏｎｓ）·ｍ－２·ｓ－１左右,光饱和净光合速率为５～７μｍｏｌ（ＣＯ２）·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,表观光合量子需要量约为１９,光合作用的ＣＯ２补偿点大于１０－４,属Ｃ３型植物     

西双版纳热带季节雨林6种树种幼树在林下的光合作用

本文研究了西双版纳热带季节６种树种幼树在林下的光合作用。６种树种的叶单位重量面积为１６．０２－２８．６７ｍ＾２．ｋｇ＾－１、光合作用光补偿点为３．８－６．５μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ－１、光量子产率为０．０１８－０．０４４、最大净光合速率为１．９７－４．７１μｍｏｌＣＯ２．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１ ４６．９９－９２．３３μｍｏｌＣＯ．ｋｇ＾－１．ｓ＾－１（以单位叶干重表示）、暗呼吸速率为０．１５－０．３１μ     

银杏叶片的光抑制和光保护机制：温度,CO2和O2的影响

田间条件下,夏季晴天中午银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）叶片经常遭受强光（超过１４００μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１）和高温（３５℃左右）胁迫,气孔导度和ＣＯ２同化速率出现明显的“午休”现象。叶黄素循环关键组分玉米黄质在一天中随着光强而变化。在室内分析了强光和高温交互作用对银杏叶片光抑制的影响。在１５～３５℃温度范围内和１４００μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１光强下,银杏叶片分别在空气中、低ＣＯ２浓度（８０μＬ·Ｌ－１）和２％Ｏ２条件下处理２ｈ。银杏叶肉ＣＯ２导度低（约３１ｍｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１）,导致羧化部位ＣＯ２浓度低,光呼吸较强。在空气中,电子传递与固定ＣＯ２之比较高（１６ｅ－／ＣＯ２,２５℃）。此比率在２％Ｏ２条件下仍随温度的升高而增大,仅用光呼吸的变化不能解释。在１５～３５℃温度范围内和不同ＣＯ２浓度下,降低Ｏ２虽然导致电子传递速率下降,但对光抑制程度无影响,表明强光条件下光呼吸对银杏叶片无保护作用。依赖叶黄素循环的非幅射能量耗散是银杏叶片防止强光损伤的主要机制     

榨菜胞质雄性不育系瘤状茎形成期间植株叶片生长与光合速 …

榨菜胞质雄性不育系在瘤状茎形成时期植株的生长速率、叶片厚度,比叶重及叶绿素含量明显低于保持系,叶面积发育速度也较慢。光合速率比保持系的低,但二者的变化趋势相似。榨菜的单叶净光合速率以第２、３、４叶片最强。不育系和保持系的光孢和点μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和１４００μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－２,而光补偿 １３０μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１、５０μｍｏｌ光量子ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１。     

银杏光合与蒸腾特性的研究

通过测定银杏净光合速率、蒸腾速度、气孔阻力等生理指标和观测银杏叶片形态、解剖特征,结果表明：１．银杏光补偿点为７６μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－１．ｓ＾－１,光饱和点为１０４０μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１。超过光饱和点后,随光照强度增加光合强度反而下降。２．银杏光合最佳温度为２６℃。３．净光 速率的日变化呈“午休”型的双峰曲线变化,最高峰出现在１０：００Ａ．Ｍ．前后,次峰出现在６：００Ｐ．Ｍ．前后。４．蒸腾速度     

紫花苜蓿对CO2倍增的反应：生态生理研究和模型拟合

研究了紫花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏ ｓａｔｉｖａ）在ＣＯ２ 倍增下光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用效率的生态生理变化,并在此基础上对苜蓿进行了生态生理模型化的研究。在倍增（７００ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １）和对照（３５０ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １） ＣＯ２ 浓度下,对紫花苜蓿的生态生理学的研究表明,光合作用有效辐射是影响瞬时表观光合速率的主要环境因子,而气孔导度主要受相对湿度的限制。以整个生育期计,倍增组的表观光合作用比对照组可提高１８．７％ ,气孔导度略有下降（２％ ）,蒸腾作用减少了２．７％ ,水分利用效率提高了３０．１％ 。还对生理指标的实测数据进行了模型化的研究。对光合作用模型和气孔导度模型中参数的拟合结果表明,ＣＯ２ 倍增条件下,紫花苜蓿的光能转化效率（α）、电子传递速率（Ｊｍ ａｘ）比对照组都有明显的提高,最大气孔开度略有下降     

露水草的光合特性及其生态学意义

用盆栽和遮阴试验研究了露水草（Ｃｙａｎｏｔｉｓ ａｒａｃｈｎｏｉｄｅａ Ｃｌａｒｋｅ） 的光合作用特征,比较了不同遮光水平对光合速率、光合器官特性及光合产量的影响。结果如下：１．露水草是一种耐阴偏阳的Ｃ３ 类草木植物,其光合作用的光饱和点约为６５０ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １,光补偿点约为１７ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １,且具有高达１３０×１０－ ６的ＣＯ２ 补偿点。２．露水草的最大净光合速率为１２．４５ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １。叶片净光合速率的日变化规律呈双峰曲线,主峰在１１～１２ 时,次峰在１５时左右。３．遮光２０％ ～５０％ 有利于露水草的生长。与对照相比,叶片中叶绿素ｂ 的含量增加了４７％ ～８３％ ,并且由于净光合速率（相对光合速率）的提高,使光合生产量增加了１２％ ～１８％ 。     

银杏叶片光合作用对强光的响应

银杏叶片遭受光量子通量密度为１２００μｍｏｌｍ＾－２ｓ＾－１的强光胁迫后,净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度、ＰＳⅡ光化学效率和表观量子效率都下降,而叶片在５０５ｎｍ处的光吸收、初始荧光水平和荧光和非光化学猝灭上升。在去除强光胁迫数小时之后,这些参数都不能完全恢复。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.