木腐菌对三种合成染料的脱色作用的研究

利用多聚染料ＰｏｌｙＲ为指示剂，从３００多株木腐菌中筛选到一株具有较强脱色力的木腐菌Ａ３。该菌可以使三种合成产快速脱色：２０ｈ内使１５ｍｇ／Ｌ的结晶紫和灿烂绿脱色，４ｈ左右使相同浓度的橙黄Ⅱ脱色，脱色率均达９９％以上，脱色最佳培养条件是：碳源为麦芽糖，氮源为酒石酸铵，ＰＨ４．０温度３０℃，通气对脱色十分有利，预加产对脱色无明显影响，说明产不是诱导底物。染料对菌体生长及脱色有抑制作用。并且在培养出菌     

脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis)S12T的脱色特性*

从印染废水活性污泥中分离到一株高效染料脱色菌,经鉴定该菌株为希瓦氏菌属的一个新种,命名为脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanelladecolorationis)S12^T。该菌株在偶氮染料浓度为50mg/L的培养基中培养4h后,染料去除率达到96%,对偶氮染料的最高脱色浓度达到2000mg/L。在浓度为500mg/L的偶氮染料平板上生长4d后,可观察到明显的脱色圈。全波长光谱扫描的结果表明希瓦氏菌S12^T以生物降解的方式对偶氮染料进行脱色。希瓦氏菌S12相似文献   

假单胞菌S-59对多种染料的脱色和降解

从受染料长期污染的污泥样品中分离到28株对多种染料具有脱色能力的细菌,其中一株假单胞菌S-59号菌对79种染料均有脱色作用。该菌对酸性红B 2GL (简称酸性红B)和活性桔K₂GV的脱色活力高达4.48—4.43mg(染料)·g^-1(细胞湿重)·h^-1。对阳离子红2GL和酸性红B在浓度为1×10^-1mol/L时其半脱色时间只有0.5小时。染料浓度在100 mg/L以上时会抑制菌的脱色率,而对菌生长的抑制作用则取决于不同     

产壳聚糖酶内生真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶活力初步研究

植物内生真菌是挖掘不同类型壳聚糖酶及发现新酶的资源宝库。该研究从122株柑橘和血散薯内生真菌中筛选能产生壳聚糖酶的菌株,对其进行鉴定,初步研究酶活力影响因素,为后期其酶学性质及产壳聚糖酶内生真菌与宿主植物病害防御互作关系的研究奠定基础。通过透明圈法初筛结合液体发酵法进行复筛,得到2株可产生壳聚糖酶的内生真菌Stdif9和Stdif9-4,并发现Stdif9-4最高酶活力(0.968 U·mL^-1)显著高于Stdif9(0.780 U·mL^-1)。采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法将菌株Stdif9-4鉴定为青霉属菌株,即Penicillium sp. Stdif9-4。通过DNS试剂法初步研究影响该菌株产壳聚糖酶活力的因素,发现不同培养时间对菌株壳聚糖酶活力具有显著影响,在培养96 h时,壳聚糖酶活力达到最大值。9种金属离子对菌株的酶活力具有不同影响,其中Mn²⁺和Ca²⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有明显的激活作用; Ag⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ba²⁺和Fe³⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,并且Ag⁺的抑制作用最为显著; K⁺和Na⁺对壳聚糖酶活力无显著影响。不同培养代数菌株产酶活力无显著差异,说明其产酶活力稳定。     

温特曲霉HD1的鉴定及其对氧蒽类染料脱色特性的研究*

从土壤中分离到I株染料脱色真菌,经鉴定命名为温特曲霉HD₁(aspergillus wentiiWehmer HD₁)。该菌对氧蒽类染料虎红具有很强的脱色能力。温度在28～40℃之间,HD₁对虎红的脱色率为93～99％,最适脱色温度为33℃;pH值在4.0～8.0之间,其脱色率为89．3～98．8％,最适脱色pH值为6.0。培养基、碳源、氮源及接种量对其脱色率均有影响。该菌对虎红的脱色酶为组成酶,主要分布在细胞内。染料的加人能改变脱色酶在胞内外的分配比例,加速胞内脱色酶的合成。虎红脱色产物的紫外可见光光谱分析表明,可见光区544.8nm处的吸收峰完全消失,而紫外光区的吸收峰则减弱、移位、消失(244～277nm)或稍有增加(242nm以下)。     

具抗真菌活性的海洋霉菌的筛选和初步研究*

从中国南海海底沉积物与海水样品中分离出100多株海洋霉菌;以条件性致病真菌白色假丝酵母(Candidaalbicans),植物病原真菌镰刀菌(Fursariumsp.)等作为敏感测试菌株,初筛分离到30多株对上述测试真菌具有明显抑制作用的海洋霉菌;对其发酵液进行复筛,发现其中编号分别为B₄^#-6、B₄^#3-、1B₆-6、1B₆-10-5、1-B相似文献   

利用RNO脱色反应检测类囊体中的单线态氧

光敏剂RB在光照射下与O₂反应产生 ¹O₂, ¹O₂与组氨酸或咪唑反应的中间产物使RNO发生氧化,导致RNO在440 nm处吸光度减小,此即为RNO脱色反应.RNO脱色反应随着光照时间的增加而增大,表明RB受光照射后使 ¹O₂增加;随着组氨酸或咪唑浓度的增加,RNO脱色反应增大;咪唑在RNO脱色反应中的作用更明显. ¹O₂淬灭剂NaN₃或DABCO存在时,RNO脱色反应降低.利用RNO脱色反应检测到莴苣类囊体在强光照射下产生的 ¹O₂,随着光强和照射时间增加,类囊体中 ¹O₂的产生增加.     

农药污染对水稻田土壤反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了农药污染对水稻田土壤反硝化细菌(Denitrfying bacteria,DNB)种群数量及其反硝化活性的影响。结果表明,紫色稻田土壤、黄松稻田土壤和红壤稻田土的DNB种群数量范围分别为59．04×10⁴～157．59×10⁴、42．89×10⁴～108．97×10⁴和32．14×10⁴～75．30×10⁴cfu·g^-1,稻田土DNB种群数量和土壤NO3^-的消耗量之间具有正相关性。在1kg干土中加入1mg丁草胺或呋喃丹,能刺激DNB的生长及其反硝化活性,在1kg干土中加入5mg多菌灵、10mg丁草胺或呋喃丹,对DNB的生长及其反硝化活性有明显的抑制作用,丁草胺和呋喃丹施后7d,多菌灵施后14d,对水稻田土壤的DNB种群数量和反硝化活性抑制作用达到最大,然后逐渐减轻,最后呈现一定的促进作用。     

耐热酵母与酿酒酵母原生质体融合的研究

酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)396是利用甘蔗糖蜜生产酒精的生产菌株,假丝酵母(Candida sp·)C₆是我们从云南温泉底泥中筛选到的一株能在45℃生长良好的耐热酵母,我们应用原生质体融合技术进行了两菌株属间融合的研究。通过亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变得到的营养缺陷型菌株396(arg^－)和C6(lys^-),其融合频率为O．91×10^-5。从检出的融合子中挑选6株进行考核、其细胞体积平均为亲株的1．3倍,DNA含量平均为亲株的1．6倍,培养特征、形态、大小和生理生化特征表现不一,特别是糖类的同化试验。除F₂、F₁₄外,其他4株可以排除异核体形成的可能性。比较了在28℃,40℃和45℃培养条件下出发亲株396、C₆、直接亲株396(arg^-)C₆(lys^-)和融合子F₁、F₇、F₁₂,F₁₃的生长曲线、基质利用率和乙醇产率等,得到一株在40℃培养条件下糖的利用率为94．3％、乙醇产量为59．7g／L的属间融合株F₁₃。     

负压渗透处理对花粉管加载荧光染料的影响

该研究采用负压渗透技术,以正常培养2 h的丰水梨花粉为实验材料,探索负压渗透条件下,花粉管中加载Ca²⁺荧光探针(Fluo 4/AM)的方法。结果显示：(1)将花粉及花粉管进行负压处理2 h,花粉萌发率及花粉管的活性没有受到影响。(2)对培养2 h后的花粉管进行不同条件下的负压渗透处理,辅助荧光探针Fluo 4/AM进入花粉管;激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现,在低温(4 ℃)条件下,负压(-80 kPa)渗透加载荧光探针30 min,花粉管尖端可以观察到明显的Ca²⁺梯度。(3)抑制花粉管外Ca²⁺内流或降低花粉管外Ca²⁺浓度,花粉管中荧光密度也显著降低。研究认为,负压渗透辅助加载的方法可以有效促进荧光探针进入花粉管细胞内与Ca²⁺结合。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.