包衣益生菌对功能性便秘患者肠道菌群的影响和临床疗效

观察包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘患者的疗效及对患者肠道菌群的影响。

收集2022年1月到3月大连市第二人民医院消化内科就诊的功能性便秘患者10例,患者均服用包衣益生菌产品7 d,使用16S rDNA测序技术检测患者服用前后及停药后3 d和7 d的肠道菌群变化情况,评价患者便秘情况是否改善。

治疗后患者便秘相关生活质量（PAC-QOL）评分、便秘严重程度（CSI）评分均较治疗前显著降低（均P＜0.01）,粪便性状好转。停用3 d和7 d时,患者肠道菌群Ace和Chao1指数均较服用前升高（均P＜0.05）。服用后,在属水平上,患者肠道Klebsiella、Lactococcus、Bacteroides相对丰度上升,Blautia和Anaerostipes相对丰度下降;在种水平上,肠道Lactobacillus plantarum、Klebsiella quasipneumoniae、Enterococcus faecium和Megasphaera elsdenii相对丰度升高,Anaerostipes hadrus相对丰度降低。

包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘有一定的改善作用,能够增加患者肠道菌群的丰度,使肠道菌群结构更加接近健康人群。

     

首发抑郁症患者肠道菌群特征及其与健康人群肠道菌群结构的差异

比较首发抑郁症患者与健康人群肠道菌群的差异,探讨抑郁症患者肠道菌群和抑郁症状间的关系,为抑郁症的发病机制研究及治疗提供一定的理论依据。

选择2019年10月至2020年9月我院收治的首发抑郁症患者及健康人群为研究对象,分为抑郁组（n = 23）和健康组（n = 31）。对研究对象肠道菌群16S rRNA基因中V4−V5区域片段进行基因测序,使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表对两组对象抑郁症状进行评估。检测两组对象肠道菌群α多样性、β多样性和组间差异。

首发抑郁症患者与健康人群肠道菌群多样性差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组对象肠道拟杆菌门和拟杆菌纲的相对丰度差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组对象芽胞杆菌目等的相对丰度差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在属水平和种水平上,两组对象分别有28个菌属和40个菌种的丰度差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。LEfSe分析显示,拟杆菌科、艾克曼菌科等10种菌科是造成两组对象肠道菌群差异的主要细菌。

首发抑郁症患者与健康人群肠道菌群多样性未发现显著差异,但抑郁症患者肠道菌群结构与健康人群相比发生了改变,主要体现在拟杆菌属等细菌在抑郁症患者肠道中的相对丰度显著上升。

     

呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群的改变

探究呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群的改变,为该类患儿的治疗提供参考。

选取我院2020年4月至2022年4月收治的83例呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿作为试验组,另选我院同期健康新生儿83例作为对照组,收集两组对象粪便标本。对比两组对象肠道菌群的变化情况。

与对照组相比,试验组患儿肠道菌群Chaol指数和Shannon指数显著降低,Ace指数显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组对象肠道厚壁菌门、变形菌门、链球菌属相对丰度对比差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。

呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群改变较大。

     

不同健康状况百岁老人肠道菌群的差异性

探索广西不同健康状况百岁老人肠道菌群的特征。

采用1∶1病例对照研究方法,在广西长寿地区按年龄收集不同健康状况的21对百岁老人粪便和血样标本,同时收集个体一般信息和食物摄入信息;使用标准量表测量身体机能和认知功能（MMSE）,测定血生化指标,采用16S rRNA的V4–V5区序列进行高通量测序分析肠道菌群的差异。

非健康组百岁老人较健康组百岁老人肠道菌群丰度和多样性显著降低（t = 3.987、4.000、3.703,均P＜0.001）;健康组百岁老人肠道菌群中蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）、黏胶球形菌门（Lentisphaerae）丰度显著高于非健康组,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）丰度显著低于非健康组;健康组百岁老人肠道菌群中别样杆菌属（Alistipes）、瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）、气味细菌属（Odoribacter）、厌氧菌属（Anaerotruncus）、丁酸单胞菌属（Butyricimonas）丰度显著高于非健康组;非健康组百岁老人肠道菌群中拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia）、拟杆菌目（Bacteroidales）、拟杆菌种（Bacteroides coprophius）丰度显著高于健康组;非健康组百岁老人身体机能、MMSE评分显著降低（t = 2.775、2.058,P = 0.008、0.046）。

广西不同健康状况百岁老人肠道菌群丰度和多样性具有显著特征,健康状况良好的百岁老人可能具有更好的肠道菌群构成。

     

基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析福州地区慢传输型便秘患者肠道菌群的变化

运用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析福州地区慢传输型便秘(STC)患者肠道菌群变化的特征。

纳入60例STC患者和健康志愿者20例, 留取新鲜粪便样本, 冰块运送至实验室并存放于-80度冰箱, 应用16S rRNA高通量测序技术, 分析各组肠道菌群的生物多样性与结构组成。

测序后共得到1 702 004 524条有效序列, 样本序列平均有效长度为414.1 bp, 总样本平均序列条数为2 127 505.7条。与对照组比较, STC患者肠道菌群丰度指数Ace指数、Chao指数和肠道菌群多样性指数Shannon指数下降(P < 0.05), 肠道菌群多样性指数Simpson指数显著升高(P < 0.05)。在门水平上, STC组以拟杆菌门、放线菌门为主, 正常对照组以厚壁菌门为主。在属水平上, STC组以拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、丹毒杆菌属(Erysipelatoclostridium)、巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)为主, 正常对照组以乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、布劳特菌属(Blautia)为主。

STC患者肠道菌群发生紊乱, 表现为丰度及多样性下降, 菌群结构发生改变, 可能与慢传输型便秘的发生发展有关。

     

高校女性日常能耗与肠道菌群的相关性研究

探讨高校女性日常能耗及肠道菌群结构特征,分析不同能耗指标与特征肠道菌群之间的相关性。

基于智能可穿戴设备人体运动能耗检测仪对广州两所大学的青年女性（Y组,n=30）、中年女性（M组,n=30）进行48 h能耗监测,统计分析日常能耗的组间差异。采集调查对象清晨粪便进行16S rRNA基因测序,运用多元统计学分析中青年女性肠道菌群结构特征。将目、属水平的特征菌群与能耗指标进行相关性检验及回归分析。

Y组人群的日均步数（t=4.250,P＜0.001）、每日能耗值（t=3.590,P＜0.001）、日均中高强度活动时长（t=4.357,P＜0.001）均显著高于M组;两组人群肠道菌群的目、属水平的丰度差异菌群主要为乳杆菌目（Lactobacillales）（t=2.537,P=0.014）、小杆菌属（Dialister）（t=2.904,P=0.005）、布劳特菌属（Blautia）（t=3.246,P=0.002）,其中Lactobacillales和Dialister与多项能耗指标呈正相关,Blautia与多项能耗指标呈负相关。

日均步数、每日能耗值、日均中高强度活动时长的能耗指标可用于预测更好的身体机能;一定条件下,增加低、中、高强度活动时长可能提高Lactobacillales和Dialister的丰度,进而延缓身体机能下降。

     

急性胃肠功能损伤患者肠道菌群及其代谢产物的分析

分析重症患者合并急性胃肠功能损伤（AGI）的肠道菌群变化的特征。

采用观察性研究方法,选择2021年1月至2022年12月本院重症监护病房收治的患者36例,根据是否发生AGI分为AGI组（n = 18）和non-AGI组（n = 18）,记录入科时患者急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ和序贯器官衰竭评估评分,测定患者入科时超敏C反应蛋白、降钙素原以及第1次粪便样本的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的水平,通过16S rDNA测序分析粪便样本的菌群多样性,比较两组患者肠道菌群差异。

AGI组患者肠道乙酸、丙酸、丁酸水平较non-AGI组显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。AGI组患者肠道菌群alpha多样性显著低于non-AGI组。在细菌门分类水平上,两组患者肠道菌群差异无统计学意义;属水平比较,AGI组患者肠道菌群中肠球菌属、埃希—志贺菌属的相对丰度显著高于non-AGI组（均P＜0.05）,non-AGI组中双歧杆菌属相对丰度显著升高（P＜0.05）。

合并AGI重症患者肠道代谢功能失衡,菌群结构发生改变,为益生菌辅助治疗重症患者提供一定临床研究依据。

     

绝经综合征患者肠道菌群特征

研究绝经综合征患者的肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取77例绝经综合征患者为病例组（P组）,24例绝经前后健康女性为健康对照组（H组）,采用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测两组对象肠道菌群结构,计算临床参数与肠道菌群的Spearman相关系数并采用PICRUSt2进行菌群的功能预测。

两组对象肠道菌群的alpha和beta多样性差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。LEfSe分析显示两组对象肠道菌群存在显著差异的物种（种水平）有14个（LDA分数＞2.0）。Spearman相关分析发现,雌二醇与聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,这3种细菌在绝经前后健康女性中数量较高,而卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素水平与上述3个物种均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。功能预测显示,与心血管疾病和碳水化合物代谢相关的KEGG L3代谢途径在P组患者肠道菌群中富集（均P＜0.05）。

绝经综合征患者存在肠道菌群结构紊乱,表现为与性激素水平相关的聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌丰度降低,同时在绝经综合征患者中存在独特的代谢途径。

     

不同程度颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群分析

检测不同程度颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群分布情况, 探讨患者肠道菌群分布与疾病的关系, 为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

通过MiSeq PE2x300 bp高通量测序技术对21例重度颅脑损伤患者(G1组, GCS≤8分)和14例轻度颅脑损伤患者(G2组, GCS > 8分)粪便样本中细菌的16S rRNA基因V3-V4可变区进行定性分析, 并对两组患者肠道菌群进行生物学分类比较、多样性分析和组间物种差异分析。

两组患者肠道菌群多样性差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。G1组患者肠道厌氧球菌属(Anaerococcus)、埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)数量高于G2组(均P < 0.05)。

颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群紊乱, 其肠道菌群丰度及多样性显著下降, 有害菌数量升高, 有益菌数量下降。

     

乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者肠道菌群特征

初步分析乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）患者肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取我院符合纳入标准的乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水患者45例为研究对象,其中24例合并SBP的患者为SBP组、21例未合并SBP的患者为NSBP组,另选同期20例健康人为HC组。应用16S rDNA测序技术检测患者肠道菌群,并使用生物信息学方法分析各组对象肠道菌群变化。

SBP组、NSBP组及HC组相比,其肠道菌群的物种多样性及丰富度差异均无统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。PCoA分析显示,NSBP组与HC组患者肠道菌群结构相似,SBP组与其他两组相比菌群结构较为不同。与NSBP组相比,SBP组患者肠道菌群中变形菌门（Proteobacteria,5.45% vs 13.50%,U = 161.000,P = 0.038）、软壁菌门（Tenericutes,0.019% vs 0.073%,U = 162.000,P = 0.035）、埃希—志贺菌属（Escherichia-Shigella,0.24% vs 9.53%,U = 103.000,P = 0.001）、柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrobacter,LDA＞2）等丰度均增加;酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria,0.026% vs 0.015%,U = 152.000,P = 0.023）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia,2.55% vs 2.00%,U = 152.000,P = 0.023）、粪球菌属（Coprococcus,LDA＞2）等丰度下降。

乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水的发生发展与肠道菌群密切相关,在SBP患者肠道菌群中发现潜在病原体数量显著增加,并伴随有益细菌数量的减少。

     

Comparison of the Gut Microbe Profiles and Numbers Between Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Healthy Individuals

Human liver was closely associated with gut through various biological mechanisms, such as bacterium-gut interactions. Alterations of gut microbiota seemed to play an important role in induction and promotion of liver damage progression. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis patients and assess whether there are alterations in the diversity and similarity of intestinal flora in cirrhotic patients when compared with healthy individuals. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with universal primers targeting V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to characterize the overall intestinal microbiota composition, and some excised gel bands were cloned for sequencing. Real-time PCR was further utilized to quantitatively analyze the subpopulation of microbiota using group-specific primers targeting the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium genus. The DGGE profiles of two groups demonstrated significant differences between cirrhotic and healthy groups (P?相似文献   

Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer

Recent reports have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We utilized pyrosequencing based analysis of 16S rRNA genes to determine the overall structure of microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and healthy controls; we investigated microbiota of the intestinal lumen, the cancerous tissue and matched noncancerous normal tissue. Moreover, we investigated the mucosa-adherent microbial composition using rectal swab samples because the structure of the tissue-adherent bacterial community is potentially altered following bowel cleansing. Our findings indicated that the microbial structure of the intestinal lumen and cancerous tissue differed significantly. Phylotypes that enhance energy harvest from diets or perform metabolic exchange with the host were more abundant in the lumen. There were more abundant Firmicutes and less abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in lumen. The overall microbial structures of cancerous tissue and noncancerous tissue were similar; however the tumor microbiota exhibited lower diversity. The structures of the intestinal lumen microbiota and mucosa-adherent microbiota were different in CRC patients compared to matched microbiota in healthy individuals. Lactobacillales was enriched in cancerous tissue, whereas Faecalibacterium was reduced. In the mucosa-adherent microbiota, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were reduced in CRC patients, whereas Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Mogibacterium were enriched. In the lumen, predominant phylotypes related to metabolic disorders or metabolic exchange with the host, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were increased in cancer patients. Coupled with previous reports, these results suggest that the intestinal microbiota is associated with CRC risk and that intestinal lumen microflora potentially influence CRC risk via cometabolism or metabolic exchange with the host. However, mucosa-associated microbiota potentially affects CRC risk primarily through direct interaction with the host.     

妊娠期合并甲状腺功能减退患者肠道菌群的研究

目的 探究妊娠期甲状腺功能减退患者肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。 方法 选择2018年12月至2019年12月于大连大学附属中山医院住院分娩的妊娠期甲状腺功能减退患者8例为甲减组,选择同期健康妊娠期妇女14例为对照组。收集两组对象孕晚期粪便样本,采用16S rRNA测序法对其肠道菌群进行分析。 结果 两组对象肠道菌群构成存在明显差异,甲减组患者肠道菌群Simpson指数显著降低(t=-2.093,P=0.023),Ace指数(t=-2.025,P=0.003)及Chao1指数(t=-1.922,P=0.022)较对照组显著升高。与对照组相比,甲减组患者肠道厚壁菌门的丰度增高,变形菌门和放线菌门的丰度降低;在属水平上,甲减组患者肠道Dialister、Blautia、unidentified_Ruminococcaceae、unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae和Subdoligranulum丰度增加,Bifidobacterium、Phascolarctobacterium和Streptococcus丰度降低。 结论 妊娠期甲状腺功能减退患者肠道菌群存在明显失调。     

Molecularly assessed shifts of Bifidobacterium ssp. and less diverse microbial communities are characteristic of 5-year-old allergic children

The composition of intestinal microbiota and the Bifidobacterium group community in 20 allergic and 20 nonallergic 5-year-old children was visualized by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The number of dominant bands in the DGGE profiles was smaller in allergic children than in nonallergic children (P<0.001). Allergic children mainly formed a single group upon cluster analysis, whereas nonallergic children were divided between four different groups. In allergic children the Bifidobacterium adolescentis species prevailed, and in nonallergic children the Bifidobacterium catenulatum/pseudocatenulatum prevailed (P=0.01 and P=0.01, respectively). The less diverse composition of intestinal microbiota and prevalence of particular species of Bifidobacterium were characteristic of allergic children even at the age of 5 years.     

Comparative assessment of human and farm animal faecal microbiota using real-time quantitative PCR

Pollution of the environment by human and animal faecal pollution affects the safety of shellfish, drinking water and recreational beaches. To pinpoint the origin of contaminations, it is essential to define the differences between human microbiota and that of farm animals. A strategy based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays was therefore developed and applied to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota of these two groups. Primers were designed to quantify the 16S rRNA gene from dominant and subdominant bacterial groups. TaqMan^® probes were defined for the qPCR technique used for dominant microbiota. Human faecal microbiota was compared with that of farm animals using faecal samples collected from rabbits, goats, horses, pigs, sheep and cows. Three dominant bacterial groups ( Bacteroides/Prevotella, Clostridium coccoides and Bifidobacterium ) of the human microbiota showed differential population levels in animal species. The Clostridium leptum group showed the lowest differences among human and farm animal species. Human subdominant bacterial groups were highly variable in animal species. Partial least squares regression indicated that the human microbiota could be distinguished from all farm animals studied. This culture-independent comparative assessment of the faecal microbiota between humans and farm animals will prove useful in identifying biomarkers of human and animal faecal contaminations that can be applied to microbial source tracking methods.     

铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响

探讨铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道菌群的影响,为铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘的疗效机制及临床组方提供依据。

选取12只SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、铁皮石斛组和枳术汤组,每组3只。造模阶段正常组灌胃无菌水,模型组和治疗组采用番泻叶水煎液灌胃7 d后,限制饮食饮水8 d,建立脾虚便秘模型。造模成功后,正常组和模型组灌胃无菌水,治疗组分别以铁皮石斛和枳术汤水煎液干预5 d。治疗结束后,收集各组小鼠盲肠内容物样本进行16S rDNA高通量测序。

脾虚便秘小鼠排便量减少,粪便细小,干燥,质硬,呈黄色。铁皮石斛和枳术汤分别治疗后,小鼠排便量增加,粪便软硬适中,呈黑褐色。测序分析发现,正常组与铁皮石斛组的共有OTU数最多,与枳术汤组的共有OTU数最少。α−多样性指数与PCA结果表明,铁皮石斛组菌属结构较其余两组更接近正常组小鼠。物种相对丰度及组成结果表明,铁皮石斛增加了脾虚便秘小鼠双歧杆菌属相对丰度,抑制了乳杆菌属、拟杆菌属相对丰度,但对菌群丰度的调节作用不及枳术汤;LEfSe分析与随机森林分析鉴定出布劳特菌属和活泼瘤胃球菌是铁皮石斛组与其他组别的差异菌群。

铁皮石斛能恢复脾虚便秘小鼠肠道菌群的多样性,可调节肠道菌群相对丰度,布劳特菌属和活泼瘤胃球菌可能是铁皮石斛干预脾虚便秘小鼠的肠道关键指示菌。

     

Differences in faecal bacteria populations and faecal bacteria metabolism in healthy adults and celiac disease patients

Differences in the intestinal microbiota between children and adults with celiac disease (CD) have been reported; however, differences between healthy adults and adults with CD have not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the intestinal microbiota between adults with CD and healthy individuals. Microbial communities in faecal samples were evaluated by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and gas-liquid chromatography of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The study group included 10 untreated CD patients, 11 treated CD patients and 11 healthy adults (in normal gluten diet and in GFD). UPGMA clustered the dominant microbial communities of healthy individuals together and separated them from the dominant microbial communities of the untreated CD patients. Most of the dominant microbial communities of the treated CD patients clustered together with those of healthy adults. The treated CD patients showed a reduction in the diversity of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. The presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum was significantly higher in untreated CD patients than healthy adults. There was a significant difference between untreated CD patients and healthy adults, as well as between treated CD patients and healthy adults, regarding acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFAs. In conclusion: healthy adults have a different faecal microbiota from that of untreated CD patients. A portion of the treated CD patients displayed a restored "normal" microbiota. The treated CD patients significantly reduce the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium diversity. Healthy adults have a different faecal SCFAs content from that of CD patients.     

肠道菌群变化对初产妇妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠结局及远期心血管事件的影响

目的 分析妊娠早期肠道菌群变化对初产妇妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠结局及远期心血管事件的影响。 方法 选择2010年3月至2014年12月我院收治的2 634例初产妇,按照是否为妊娠期糖尿病分为正常妊娠组(NC组)和妊娠期糖尿病组(GDM组),分析两组对象肠道菌群的变化。观察不同妊娠结局GDM患者肠道菌群变化情况以及随访心血管事件发生情况。 结果 GDM组对象BMI、FPG、HbA1c、TG、HDL C、HOMA IR、Fins、BUN、hs CRP、PLGF和肠道总细菌、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、肠球菌属数量与NC组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P结论 妊娠早期肠道益生菌下降与GDM的发生具有显著相关性,GDM患者肠道部分益生菌及肠球菌与GDM患者不良妊娠结局和心血管事件存在一定关系,值得进一步研究。     

Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects

The colonic microbiota mediates many cellular and molecular events in the host that are important to health. These processes can be affected in the elderly, because in some individuals, the composition and metabolic activities of the microbiota change with age. Detailed characterizations of the major groups of fecal bacteria in healthy young adults, in healthy elderly people, and in hospitalized elderly patients receiving antibiotics were made in this study, together with measurements of their metabolic activities, by analysis of fecal organic acid and ammonia concentrations. The results showed that total anaerobe numbers remained relatively constant in old people; however, individual bacterial genera changed markedly with age. Reductions in numbers of bacteroides and bifidobacteria in both elderly groups were accompanied by reduced species diversity. Bifidobacterial populations in particular showed marked variations in the dominant species, with Bifidobacterium angulatum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis being frequently isolated from the elderly and Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium boum, and Bifidobacterium infantis being detected only from the healthy young volunteers. Reductions in amylolytic activities of bacterial isolates in healthy elderly subjects and reduced short-chain fatty acid concentrations supported these findings, since bifidobacteria and bacteroides are important saccharolytic groups in the colon. Conversely, higher numbers of proteolytic bacteria were observed with feces samples from the antibiotic-treated elderly group, which were also associated with increased proteolytic species diversity (fusobacteria, clostridia, and propionibacteria). Other differences in the intestinal ecosystem in elderly subjects were observed, with alterations in the dominant clostridial species in combination with greater numbers of facultative anaerobes.     

糖脂代谢性疾病模型小鼠肠道菌群特征分析

基于16S rDNA测序研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、2型糖尿病(T2D)及动脉粥样硬化(AS)小鼠的肠道菌群特征, 分析上述疾病肠道微生物的异同。

以SPF级C57BL/6J雄鼠为对象, 分别采用高脂饮食制备NAFLD模型, 高脂饮食联合小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立T2D模型, ApoE^-/-小鼠高脂饮食诱导AS模型, 另设对照组, 每组10只。采用试剂盒测定小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平。收集粪便样本, 以Illumina MiSeq测序平台, 采用QIIME2软件对肠道菌群的可分类操作单元(OTUs)数量, Alpha、Beta多样性和菌群多样性指数以及差异菌门、菌属等进行综合分析与评价, 并对肠道菌群代谢功能进行预测。

与对照组小鼠比, T2D组、NAFLD组、AS组血清中TC、TG和LDL-C水平均显著升高, 菌群多样性指数显著降低(F=14.33, P < 0.01), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes比值逐渐升高; 双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)丰度在AS组、T2D组中显著增加(F=12.15, P < 0.01), 在NAFLD组中显著下降(F=12.15, P < 0.05), 乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)丰度在NAFLD组、AS组中著降低(F=9.35, P < 0.01), 在T2D组中显著降低。关联分析表明Lactobacillus、Akkermansia等与血脂呈负相关, Faecalibaculum、Blautia等与血脂呈正相关。肠道菌群参与代谢性疾病主要涉及碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢以及能量代谢等通路。

本研究阐明了NAFLD、T2D、AS肠道微生物组成与变化的共性和个性特征, 为靶向调控肠道微生物治疗代谢性疾病提供科学依据。