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1.
目的探讨DFR与CR联合运用在静脉尿路造影中的应用价值。资料与方法综合DFR与CR的优点对1007例静脉尿路造影效果分析。结果数字透视与数字摄影相结合的方法在静脉尿路造影中效果明显。结论数字透视与数字摄影联合运用的方法应用于静脉尿路造影具有应用前景。 相似文献
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Right ventricular (RV) mid-septal pacing should have fewer negative effects on left ventricular function compared to apical pacing. However, targeting the mid-septum may be technically challenging since it is usually done with two-dimensional fluoroscopy. The rotation of the heart and various shapes of the RV make it difficult to assess, whether the lead is really anchored in the septum. Many leads, apparently anchored in the septum, are in fact anchored in the anterior wall or anteroseptal groove, and some can get anchored in close proximity to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). We report three cases from our series of 51 patients, in whom the RV lead thought to be implanted in the mid-septum was in fact anchored in close proximity of LAD when assessed using computed tomography. 相似文献
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L R Hill K R Hess L C Stephens P T Tinkey R E Price 《Journal of medical primatology》1999,28(2):67-72
In this study, the normal distribution of renal weight and volume was determined and the correlation between the weight and volume and various skeletal measurements taken from radiographs and at necropsy was assessed. Values from 136 female monkeys with complete data (including all bone, radiographic, and kidney measurements) were analyzed. The mean kidney weight was 13 g with a standard deviation (SD) of 2 g. The mean kidney volume was 12 ml, SD 2 ml. The estimation of kidney weight and volume from bone length, age, or body weight was not reliable according to statistical analysis of our data. We did find that all apparently normal adult female rhesus monkeys typically have similar sized kidneys. This information is useful in that it reduces concerns about consistency in experimental subjects. 相似文献
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do Prado MF Coelho AC de Brito JP Ferreira DO Junior AW Menecucci Cda S de Queiroz AB Garcia LB Cardoso CL Tognim MC 《Letters in applied microbiology》2012,54(6):564-567
Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of alcohol‐based hand gels according to European Norm 1500 (EN 1500). Methods and Results: We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of 12 alcohol‐based hand gels produced in Brazil, containing 70% w/w or v/v ethyl alcohol as the active ingredient, according to EN 1500, with a 30‐s application. In addition, 70% w/w ethyl alcohol and three alcohol‐based hand rubs commonly used in Europe and effective according to EN 1500 were also tested. Eight of 12 (67%) alcohol‐based hand gels produced in Brazil failed by EN 1500. In contrast, 70% w/w ethyl alcohol and European alcohol‐based hand rubs were approved by EN 1500. Conclusions: In this study, the majority of Brazilian alcohol‐based hand gels showed limited efficacy on hand hygiene within 30 s. Significance and Impact of the Study: The findings of this study may be used as an important argument to motivate Brazilian manufacturers to improve the antimicrobial efficacy of alcohol‐based hand gels, because it is prudent to suppose that alcohol‐based hand gels can be recommended for use in healthcare settings only if they show antimicrobial activity at least similar to that of alcohol‐based liquid preparations, including the traditional 70% w/w ethyl alcohol. 相似文献
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Yunxia Fang Jiang Hu Jie Xu Haiping Yu Zhenyuan Shi Guosheng Xiong Li Zhu Dali Zeng Guangheng Zhang Zhenyu Gao Guojun Dong Meixian Yan Longbiao Guo Yonghong Wang Qian Qian 《植物学报(英文版)》2015,57(2):151-161
The aerial parts of higher plants are generated from the shoot apical meristem(SAM). In this study, we isolated a small rice(Oryza sativa L.) mutant that showed premature termination of shoot development and was named mini rice 1(mini1). The mutant was first isolated from a japonica cultivar Zhonghua11(ZH11) subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)treatment. With bulked segregant analysis(BSA) and map-based cloning method, Mini1 gene was finally fine-mapped to an interval of 48.6 kb on chromosome 9. Sequence analyses revealed a single base substitution from G to A was found in the region, which resulted in an amino acid change from Gly to Asp.The candidate gene Os09g0363900 was predicted to encode a putative adhesion of calyx edges protein ACE(putative HOTHEAD precursor) and genetic complementation experiment confirmed the identity of Mini1. Os09g0363900 contains glucose-methanol-choline(GMC) oxidoreductase and NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like domain, and exhibits high similarity to Arabidopsis HOTHEAD(HTH). Expression analysis indicated Mini1 was highly expressed in young shoots but lowly in roots and the expression level of most genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and signal transduction were reduced in mutant.We conclude that Mini1 plays an important role in maintaining SAM activity and promoting shoot development in rice. 相似文献
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Ogino T 《Development, growth & differentiation》2007,49(6):523-531
To have a better understanding of classification of congenital hand anomalies, clinical features and teratogenic mechanisms of congenital absence of digits including ulnar and radial deficiencies, cleft hand, symbrachydactyly and constriction band were reviewed. There seemed to be four different teratogenic mechanisms of congenital absence of digits. Ulnar and radial deficiencies have the same clinical features and the cause of these deficiencies is closely related to a deficit of mesenchymal cells in the limb-bud due to impairment before the formation of the limb-bud. Cleft hand, central polydactyly and osseous syndactyly were induced by the same treatment at the same developmental stage in rats. Roentgenograms of the clinical cases and skeletal changes of the anomalies in rats appear to demonstrate that cleft hand formation proceeds from osseous syndactylies and central polydactylies. The teratogenic mechanism of a cleft hand seemed to be failure of induction of digital rays in the hand plate. The sequence of anomalies from brachysyndactyly, or the atypical cleft hand, to the congenital amputation, can be regarded as equivalent to the category of transverse deficiency that is bony dysplasia of the hand. Congenital constriction ring syndrome appears after the formation of the digital rays. 相似文献
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本文调查了北京地区青少年先天缺失牙和多生牙的发生率、好发部位,探讨先天牙齿数目异常与人类进化之间的关系。观察和分析了429名全颌曲面体层X线片,年龄为12—23岁,均无恒牙拔牙史或牙齿损伤史。结果表明先天缺失牙(包括第三磨牙)的发生率为42．19％,第三磨牙的缺失发生率为35．43％,缺失牙的好发部位依次为：上颌第三磨牙、下颌第三磨牙、下颌第二双尖牙、下颌中切牙、上颌第二双尖牙等;多生牙发生率为3．50％,好发部位是上颌切牙区。牙齿先天缺失在人群中的发生率明显高于多生牙,缺失牙主要发生在功能相对弱的牙位上;遗传因素对牙齿数目异常起主导作用。在人类进化过程中,缺失某些牙齿是咀嚼器官退化的趋势,而多生牙可能是一种返祖遗传现象。 相似文献
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XU Mei-ru; HUO Yi-liang; L¨U Bing-feng 《人类学学报》2003,22(02):145
The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and mostly happened area of the congenitally missing teeth and supernumerary teeth in Beijing adolescent in order to approach the relation between the anomaly of tooth number and human evolution.<br>Subjects and methods: 429 panoramic radiographs were observed and analyzed, 163 males and 266 females, aged 12 —23 years. None of permanent teeth have been extracted or hurted.<br>Result: The incidence of congenitally missing permanent teeth (including third molar) is 42.19 %. The incidence of missing third molar is 35. 43 %. The mostly happenedmissing teeth are maxillary third molar, mandibular third molar, mandibular second premolar, mandibular median incisor, maxillary second premolar etc. the incidence of supernumerary teeth is 3.50 %, supernumerary teeth mostly happened are maxillary incisors.<br>Conclusion: The incidence of missing teeth is higher than that of supernumerary teeth. Missing teeth mostly were found are the ones which have weaker function. The anomaly of tooth number is mostly due to hereditary factors. Congenitally tooth missing reflexes one of the evolutionary tendencies of the masticatory organ. The occurence of supernumerary teeth is a phenomenon of recapitalation. 相似文献
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Si-Yang Wang Chao-Yang Zhang Guang-Yan Cai Xiang-Mei Chen 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2021,246(8):986
Acute kidney injury is a serious health hazard disease due to its complex etiology and lack of effective treatments, resulting in high medical costs and high mortality. At present, a large number of basic research studies on acute kidney injury have been carried out. However, acute kidney injury models established in rodents sometimes do not simulate the course of human disease well. Research in large animal models of acute kidney injury is relatively rare, and methods to build a mature model of acute kidney injury have failed. Because its kidney anatomy and morphology are very similar to those in humans, the mini pig is an ideal animal in which to model kidney disease. Nephrotoxic drug-induced acute kidney injury has a high incidence. In this study, we established models of acute kidney injury induced by two drugs (gentamicin and cisplatin). Finally, the model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was developed successfully, but we found the model of gentamycin-induced acute kidney injury was not reproducible. Compared to other models, these models better represent acute kidney injury caused by antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs and provide a basis for the study of new treatments for acute kidney injury in a large animal model. 相似文献
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Régis A. Zanette Janio M. Santurio Érico S. Loreto Sydney H. Alves Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis 《Microbiology and immunology》2013,57(10):732-735
There is a paucity of animal models of pythiosis, a life‐threatening disease of humans and animals, the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. A pythiosis model was developed by injecting Toll (Tl)‐deficient Drosophila melanogaster flies with Pythium insidiosum zoospores. The infected Tl mutant flies had significantly lower survival rates (73.7%) than did control flies. This study reveals the important role of Tl pathway activation in fly immune response to pythiosis. 相似文献
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Y. Zou Finfrock Edward A. Stern Yizhak Yacoby R. W. Alkire Kenneth Evans‐Lutterodt Aaron Stein Abdel F. Isakovic Joshua J. Kas Andrzej Joachimiak 《Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology》2010,66(12):1287-1294
Recently, strategies to reduce primary radiation damage have been proposed which depend on focusing X‐rays to dimensions smaller than the penetration depth of excited photoelectrons. For a line focus as used here the penetration depth is the maximum distance from the irradiated region along the X‐ray polarization direction that the photoelectrons penetrate. Reported here are measurements of the penetration depth and distribution of photoelectron damage excited by 18.6 keV photons in a lysozyme crystal. The experimental results showed that the penetration depth of ∼17.35 keV photoelectrons is 1.5 ± 0.2 µm, which is well below previous theoretical estimates of 2.8 µm. Such a small penetration depth raises challenging technical issues in mitigating damage by line‐focus mini‐beams. The optimum requirements to reduce damage in large crystals by a factor of 2.0–2.5 are Gaussian line‐focus mini‐beams with a root‐mean‐square width of 0.2 µm and a distance between lines of 2.0 µm. The use of higher energy X‐rays (>26 keV) would help to alleviate some of these requirements by more than doubling the penetration depth. It was found that the X‐ray dose has a significant contribution from the crystal's solvent, which initially contained 9.0%(w/v) NaCl. The 15.8 keV photoelectrons of the Cl atoms and their accompanying 2.8 keV local dose from the decay of the resulting excited atoms more than doubles the dose deposited in the X‐ray‐irradiated region because of the much greater cross‐section and higher energy of the excited atom, degrading the mitigation of radiation damage from 2.5 to 2.0. Eliminating heavier atoms from the solvent and data collection far from heavy‐atom absorption edges will significantly improve the mitigation of damage by line‐focus mini‐beams. 相似文献
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Alessandra Pesce Marco Nardini Sylvia Dewilde Paolo Ascenzi Austen F. Riggs Kiyoshi Yamauchi Eva Geuens Luc Moens Martino Bolognesi 《Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology》2001,57(12):1897-1899
The nemertean worm Cerebratulus lacteus neural tissue haemoglobin (109 amino acids, the shortest known haemoglobin) has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. A highly redundant native data set has been collected at the Cu Kα wavelength to 2.05 Å resolution. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic P212121 space group, with unit‐cell parameters a = 42.5, b = 43.1, c = 60.2 Å and one molecule per asymmetric unit. The anomalous difference Patterson map clearly reveals the position of the haem Fe atom, thus paving the way for MAD/SAD structure determination. 相似文献
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Suter S Harders M Papageorgopoulou C Kuhn G Székely G Rühli FJ 《American journal of physical anthropology》2008,137(3):362-366
Arrest in long bone growth and the subsequent resumption of growth may be visible as radiopaque transverse lines in radiographs (Harris lines, HL; Harris, HA. 1933. Bone growth in health and disease. London: Oxford University Press). The assessment of individual age at occurrence of such lines, as part of paleopathological skeletal studies, is time-consuming and shows large intra- and interobserver variability. Thus, a standardized, automated detection algorithm would help to increase the validity of such paleopathological research. We present an image analysis application facilitating automatic detection of HL. On the basis of established age calculation methods, the individual age-at-formation can be automatically assessed with the tool presented. Additional user input to confirm the automatic result is possible via an intuitive graphical user interface. Automated detection of HL from digital radiographs of a sample of late Medieval Swiss tibiae was compared to the consensus of manual assessment by two blinded expert observers. The intra- and interobserver variability was high. The quality of the observer result improved when standardized detection criteria were defined and applied. The newly developed algorithm detected two-thirds of the HL that were identified as consensus lines between the observers. It was, however, necessary to validate the last one-third by manual editing. The lack of a large test series must be noted. The application is freely available for further testing by any interested researcher. 相似文献
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Christian Balkovec Jim H. Veldhuis John W. Baird G. Wayne Brodland Stuart M. McGill 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2017,20(7):794-802
The motions of individual intervertebral joints can affect spine motion, injury risk, deterioration, pain, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes. Since standard kinematic methods do not provide precise time-course details about individual vertebrae and intervertebral motions, information that could be useful for scientific advancement and clinical assessment, we developed an iterative template matching algorithm to obtain this data from videofluoroscopy images. To assess the bias of our approach, vertebrae in an intact porcine spine were tracked and compared to the motions of high-contrast markers. To estimate precision under clinical conditions, motions of three human cervical spines were tracked independently ten times and vertebral and intervertebral motions associated with individual trials were compared to corresponding averages. Both tests produced errors in intervertebral angular and shear displacements no greater than 0.4° and 0.055 mm, respectively. When applied to two patient cases, aberrant intervertebral motions in the cervical spine were typically found to correlate with patient-specific anatomical features such as disc height loss and osteophytes. The case studies suggest that intervertebral kinematic time-course data could have value in clinical assessments, lead to broader understanding of how specific anatomical features influence joint motions, and in due course inform clinical treatments. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize the hydrochloride salt of carbendazim with the aim of improving
the intrinsic solubility of the parent compound. Carbendazim hydrochloride dihydrate was synthesized for the purpose of increasing
the aqueous solubility of the parent drug, carbendazim. This was done with the commonly used saturation and cooling method.
The structure was determined by single crystal radiograph crystallography, and the hydrochloride salt was found to be a dihydrate.
The salt crystallized in a P 21 21 21 (#19) space group, which is typical for nonplanar, achiral, and noncentrosymmetric molecules. The asymmetric unit is comprised
of 1 molecule each of carbendazim and chloride and 2 water molecules. The carbendazim molecules arrange themselves in a helical
structure, with the waters and the chloride molecules in the channel linking the helix. The crystal lattice is held together
by numerous hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals interactions. The melting point of the salt is 125.6°C. The solubility
of the salt is 6.08 mg/mL, which is a thousand-fold increase from the intrinsic solubility (6.11 μg/mL) of the free base.
Published: September 20, 2005 相似文献