急性脑卒中患者肠道菌群研究

通过粪便标本检测急性脑卒中患者肠道菌群变化情况, 探讨急性脑卒中患者肠道菌群结构。

通过高通量二代测序技术对10例健康者(对照组)及10例急性脑卒中患者(疾病组)粪便样本进行菌群结构测序分析。

与对照组比较, 急性脑卒中患者粪便样本中物种OTU信息量显著增加(P < 0.01), 菌群多样性指数(Shannon)和物种均一度指数(Evenness)也有所增加但差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。门水平上, 疾病组患者肠道Bacteroidetes数量较对照组显著增加, Firmicutes数量显著减少(均P < 0.05)。属水平上, 疾病组患者肠道Bacteroides、Bilophila、Butyricimonas比例较对照组显著升高, 而Collinsella、Coprococcus、Clostridium等比例较对照组显著降低(均P < 0.05)。

急性脑卒中患者肠道菌群结构与健康人存在显著差异。

     

摔跤运动员赛前集训控体重对肠道菌群及其代谢物的影响

探究赛前集训控体重对高水平摔跤运动员肠道菌群及代谢物的影响。

招募某省摔跤队运动员11名,在赛前集训期前后测量身体成分、收集粪便样本,采用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测肠道微生物的分布和丰度,利用非靶向代谢组学分析微生物的差异代谢产物及其所富集的功能。

摔跤运动员赛前集训后体重显著降低（P＜0.05）,但肌肉含量无显著差异。微生物组结果显示,控体重前后男女运动员肠道菌群alpha多样性和beta多样性均无显著差异。男性运动员Intestinibacter丰度显著增高（P＜0.05）,且与体重、四肢骨骼肌指数变化量呈正相关。代谢组学分析结果显示,男性运动员菌群差异代谢物富集于硫代谢和主要胆汁酸代谢相关通路,女性运动员菌群差异代谢物富集于神经活性配体—受体交互相关信号通路;Intestinibacter丰度变化与胆汁酸7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate变化呈正相关。

赛前集训控体重未影响摔跤运动员肠道菌群生物多样性和整体物种构成,但可以改变男性摔跤运动员肠道菌群中产丁酸盐菌属的相对丰度,整体表现为运动员肠道菌群对控体重过程较为适应。

     

慢性胃炎患者肠道菌群分析

探索慢性胃炎（CG）患者肠道菌群变化特点。

采集我院青年CG患者（CG组）和健康人群（NC组）的粪便样品,对其细菌16S rDNA V3—V4区域进行扩增并进行高通量测序,然后运用多种生物信息学手段进行分析。

CG组与NC组对象肠道菌群在门和科水平上均有不同之处,其中CG组对象有较高丰度的Actinobacteriota和较低丰度的Ruminococcaceae。CG组对象肠道菌群多样性及均一度均显著低于NC组（均P＜0.05）,但两者具有相似的丰富度水平。多元方差分析和相似性百分比分析均发现CG组和NC组对象肠道菌群有较大差异。Bifidobacterium、Blautia、Collinsella、Ruminococcus_torques_group和Streptococcus与CG患者密切相关。

CG患者的肠道菌群存在较大变化,其中Bifidobacterium、Blautia等细菌与CG的发生相关。

     

不同程度颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群分析

检测不同程度颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群分布情况, 探讨患者肠道菌群分布与疾病的关系, 为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

通过MiSeq PE2x300 bp高通量测序技术对21例重度颅脑损伤患者(G1组, GCS≤8分)和14例轻度颅脑损伤患者(G2组, GCS > 8分)粪便样本中细菌的16S rRNA基因V3-V4可变区进行定性分析, 并对两组患者肠道菌群进行生物学分类比较、多样性分析和组间物种差异分析。

两组患者肠道菌群多样性差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。G1组患者肠道厌氧球菌属(Anaerococcus)、埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)数量高于G2组(均P < 0.05)。

颅脑疾病患者肠道菌群紊乱, 其肠道菌群丰度及多样性显著下降, 有害菌数量升高, 有益菌数量下降。

     

口服益生菌对根治性放疗宫颈癌患者放疗相关性腹泻及肠道菌群的影响

评价口服益生菌预防根治性放疗宫颈癌患者放疗相关性腹泻（RE）的有效性,并探讨益生菌对根治性放疗宫颈癌患者肠道菌群的影响。

选取2020年1月—2022年12月于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院妇瘤科行根治性放化疗宫颈癌患者46例,随机分为口服益生菌组（OP组）和非口服益生菌组（NOP组）,每组各23例。采集两组放疗前后粪便标本,通过16S rDNA测序检测肠道菌群,分析肠道菌群多样性和组间的菌群差异。

OP组RE发生率为8.7%,NOP组RE发生率高达47.8%,两组差异具有统计学意义（P=0.009）。口服益生菌能够增加放疗病人肠道菌群丰富度,但不能逆转肠道菌群α−多样性下降（P=0.012）。放疗前后肠道菌群β−多样性差异不显著（P＞0.05）。物种丰度分析显示放疗后肠道菌群在门、科、属、种水平的组成均发生改变;特别是腹泻患者与非腹泻患者比较：放疗前惰性乳杆菌相对丰度较高,但在放疗后惰性乳杆菌相对丰度较低。

宫颈癌患者根治性放疗期间口服益生菌可有效预防放疗相关性腹泻的发生。放疗影响肠道菌群的组成,特别是显著降低肠道厌氧菌的相对丰度。

     

类风湿性关节炎患者肠道真菌菌群特征

分析类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者肠道真菌菌群多样性变化。

纳入RA患者30例, 健康体检者31例。采用ITS2高通量测序法测定RA患者与健康体检者共61例粪便样本的真菌构成。通过Alpha与Beta多样性、t检验及LEfSe分析比较2组间的真菌物种组成及差异。

RA患者肠道中假丝酵母菌属(Candida)的丰度有所上升, 并富集节担菌属(Wallemia)、黄孢原毛平革菌属(Phanerochaete)、Suhomyces、弯颈霉属(Tolypocladium)、共球藻属(Trebouxia)、银耳属(Tremella)、Scolecostigmina属及帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)。

RA患者的肠道真菌菌群多样性没有发生显著改变, 但其菌群结构发生改变, 这些改变可能与RA的发生相关。

     

绝经综合征患者肠道菌群特征

研究绝经综合征患者的肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取77例绝经综合征患者为病例组（P组）,24例绝经前后健康女性为健康对照组（H组）,采用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测两组对象肠道菌群结构,计算临床参数与肠道菌群的Spearman相关系数并采用PICRUSt2进行菌群的功能预测。

两组对象肠道菌群的alpha和beta多样性差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。LEfSe分析显示两组对象肠道菌群存在显著差异的物种（种水平）有14个（LDA分数＞2.0）。Spearman相关分析发现,雌二醇与聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,这3种细菌在绝经前后健康女性中数量较高,而卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素水平与上述3个物种均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。功能预测显示,与心血管疾病和碳水化合物代谢相关的KEGG L3代谢途径在P组患者肠道菌群中富集（均P＜0.05）。

绝经综合征患者存在肠道菌群结构紊乱,表现为与性激素水平相关的聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌丰度降低,同时在绝经综合征患者中存在独特的代谢途径。

     

圈养食叶猴的肠道菌群特征

充分认识圈养食叶猴的肠道菌群组成特征, 为饲养管理方法的改进提供参考依据。

通过MiSeq高通量测序平台对3个物种的19个个体[黑叶猴(n=5)、川金丝猴(n=9)和西非黑白疣猴(n=5)]的肠道菌群16S rRNA V4-V5区进行测序和分析。

食叶猴肠道菌群以厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌门, 瘤胃菌科、普氏菌科、理研菌科和毛螺菌科为优势菌科, 普氏菌属、密螺旋体属和瘤胃球菌属为优势菌属; 食叶猴物种间肠道菌群组成存在显著差异, 肠道菌群按照宿主物种聚类, 而不受环境因素的影响。

宿主物种是决定肠道微生物组成的重要因素, 食叶猴肠道菌群特征反映了宿主对其食性的适应。

     

包衣益生菌对功能性便秘患者肠道菌群的影响和临床疗效

观察包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘患者的疗效及对患者肠道菌群的影响。

收集2022年1月到3月大连市第二人民医院消化内科就诊的功能性便秘患者10例,患者均服用包衣益生菌产品7 d,使用16S rDNA测序技术检测患者服用前后及停药后3 d和7 d的肠道菌群变化情况,评价患者便秘情况是否改善。

治疗后患者便秘相关生活质量（PAC-QOL）评分、便秘严重程度（CSI）评分均较治疗前显著降低（均P＜0.01）,粪便性状好转。停用3 d和7 d时,患者肠道菌群Ace和Chao1指数均较服用前升高（均P＜0.05）。服用后,在属水平上,患者肠道Klebsiella、Lactococcus、Bacteroides相对丰度上升,Blautia和Anaerostipes相对丰度下降;在种水平上,肠道Lactobacillus plantarum、Klebsiella quasipneumoniae、Enterococcus faecium和Megasphaera elsdenii相对丰度升高,Anaerostipes hadrus相对丰度降低。

包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘有一定的改善作用,能够增加患者肠道菌群的丰度,使肠道菌群结构更加接近健康人群。

     

裕固族血脂异常人群肠道菌群结构特征分析

探究生活在相同环境下的同一民族血脂异常人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异,为血脂异常的精准预防和治疗提供参考。

收集甘肃肃南县裕固族血脂异常人群和健康人群粪便样本,提取细菌总DNA,通过16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析2组人群肠道菌群的差异。

裕固族健康组人群肠道菌群分属26个门,73个纲,169个目,301个科,709个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有22个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群分属29个门,75个纲,280个目,304个科,702个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有15个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群与健康组间拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门水平以及F/B比值存在显著差异,Р＜0.05的差异物种有5个,Subdoligranulum、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group及Dialister与血脂水平呈负相关,Lachnoclostridium、Parasutterella与血脂水平呈正相关。

肃南县裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群结构与健康组存在差异,为下一步关联分析肠道菌群与血脂异常及环境因素提供了基础数据。

     

Structural and functional dysbiosis of gut microbiota in Tibetan subjects with coronary heart disease

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, only a few studies focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota and CHD in ethnic populations are available. Here, we employed shotgun sequencing of the gut metagenome to analyze the taxonomic composition and functional annotation of the gut microbiota of 14 CHD patients, 13 patients with non-stenosis coronary heart disease (NCHD), and 18 healthy controls (HT) in Tibetan subjects. We found that the α-diversity of the gut microbiota was not significantly different among the three groups., whereas β-diversity was significantly altered in the CHD group compared with HT. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria species effectively distinguished patients with CHD from the control group. Most of the enriched species belonged to Proteobacteria. The pathways that contributed the most to the differences between groups were amino acid metabolism-related pathways, especially lysine biosynthesis. The enzymes of the lysine biosynthesis pathway, including K01714 and K00821, were significantly decreased in the CHD group. Our findings increase the understanding of the association between CHD pathogenesis and gut microbiota in the Tibetan population, thus paving the way for the development of improved diagnostic methods and treatments for Tibetan patients with CHD.     

Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

Cachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in cachexia by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 31 lung cancer patients. The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, and vitamins were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in cachectic patients. The involvement of the gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model using solely gut microbial features. Our study demonstrates the links between cachectic host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible therapeutic applications.Subject terms: Microbiome, Metagenomics, Next-generation sequencing, Metabolomics     

Polydatin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model

To investigate the effect and mechanism of polydatin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. The lung fibrosis model was induced by BLM. The contents of TNF-α, LPS, IL-6 and IL-1β in lung tissue, intestine and serum were detected by ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing; R language was used to analyse species composition, α-diversity, β-diversity, species differences and marker species. Mice were fed drinking water mixed with four antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin; antibiotics, ABx) to build a mouse model of ABx-induced bacterial depletion; and faecal microbiota from different groups were transplanted into BLM-treated or untreated ABx mice. The histopathological changes and collagen I and α-SMA expression were determined. Polydatin effectively reduced the degree of fibrosis in a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model; BLM and/or polydatin affected the abundance of the dominant gut microbiota in mice. Moreover, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from polydatin-treated BLM mice effectively alleviated lung fibrosis in BLM-treated ABx mice compared with FMT from BLM mice. Polydatin can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in a BLM-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. The alteration of gut microbiota by polydatin may be involved in the therapeutic effect.     

长链菊粉对抗生素处理后小鼠肠道菌群重建的影响

【目的】评价长链菊粉对抗生素致小鼠肠道菌群失调后肠道菌群的恢复情况。【方法】选择50只健康的10周龄BALB/c小鼠,随机分为2组,其中15只为正常对照组,余下35只饮用水中含4种抗生素连续喂养7 d,诱导小鼠肠道菌群严重失调后,再随机分为长链菊粉恢复组(饮用水中添加5%(W/W)长链菊粉)和自发恢复组(饮用水为无菌水),连续处理21 d。受试小鼠在抗生素治疗后的第7天以及恢复喂养的第7、14和21天,取结肠组织进行切片然后进行HE染色分析,无菌取粪便进行16Sr RNA测序分析,观察小鼠肠道组织及菌群恢复情况。【结果】抗生素处理7 d后,小鼠结肠组织有轻微炎症,但肠道菌群严重失调。组织学分析表明,在补充长链菊粉或自发恢复21d后,结肠炎症逐渐减轻;但相比于自发恢复,长链菊粉干预延迟了结肠组织的恢复。16S r RNA基因V3–V4区扩增子测序分析显示无论是长链菊粉补充还是自发恢复都无法在属水平上恢复肠道菌群组成。尤其是长链菊粉的补充,反而导致了某些机会致病菌的选择性扩增,并提高了与肠道菌群相关的疾病途径。【结论】抗生素诱导肠道菌群严重失调后补充长链菊粉会延迟肠道菌群的重建,可能会导致潜在的不良影响。     

Differential Effects of Antibiotic Therapy on the Structure and Function of Human Gut Microbiota

The human intestinal microbiota performs many essential functions for the host. Antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics (AB), are also known to disturb microbial community equilibrium, thereby having an impact on human physiology. While an increasing number of studies investigate the effects of AB usage on changes in human gut microbiota biodiversity, its functional effects are still poorly understood. We performed a follow-up study to explore the effect of ABs with different modes of action on human gut microbiota composition and function. Four individuals were treated with different antibiotics and samples were taken before, during and after the AB course for all of them. Changes in the total and in the active (growing) microbiota as well as the functional changes were addressed by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic 454-based pyrosequencing approaches. We have found that the class of antibiotic, particularly its antimicrobial effect and mode of action, played an important role in modulating the gut microbiota composition and function. Furthermore, analysis of the resistome suggested that oscillatory dynamics are not only due to antibiotic-target resistance, but also to fluctuations in the surviving bacterial community. Our results indicated that the effect of AB on the human gut microbiota relates to the interaction of several factors, principally the properties of the antimicrobial agent, and the structure, functions and resistance genes of the microbial community.     

基于肠道微生态探讨黄连素在代谢性疾病中的抗炎作用

肠道菌群与能量代谢密切相关,其组成和代谢紊乱可通过多种途径导致胰岛素抵抗,肥胖和2型糖尿病。黄连素因具有减重、降糖、调脂等作用被广泛用于肥胖、2型糖尿病及非酒精性脂肪性肝病等代谢性疾病的辅助治疗;研究表明,黄连素可调节肠道菌群的组成和代谢,改善肠道微生态环境,从而改善胰岛素抵抗和代谢。本文综述了黄连素通过肠道菌群-炎症轴在干预代谢性疾病的研究进展,以期为代谢性疾病的治疗寻找新的策略,并为今后该领域的深入研究提供指导意义。     

儿科病房抗生素相关性腹泻的临床观察

目的 观察儿科病房抗生素相关性腹泻（antibiotic associated diarrhea,AAD）的临床表现。方法 对983例使用抗生素的患儿进行分析,根据是否发生AAD分为两组,AAD组共有76例患儿,未发生AAD的对照组有907例患儿。分析AAD组患儿使用抗生素的情况,并对两组患儿的基本情况进行比较分析。结果 对AAD患儿抗生素使用种类进行分析,发现导致AAD的抗生素主要有三类,其中美洛西林/舒巴坦使用率最高,为18.4%,其次为美洛西林、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和阿奇霉素,均为14.5%。并且,AAD的发生与性别无关（P>0.05）。但是AAD在体重较轻、低龄、抗生素使用时间较长和抗生素联用患儿中多发（P<0.05）。这些因素均会导致患儿住院时间延长并出现重要器官损伤现象。结论 儿科病房中抗生素的使用要合理科学,尽量减少AAD的发生。     

Human Intestinal Microbiota Gene Risk Factors for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: Perspectives for Prevention

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is associated with altered intestinal microflora and other symptoms that may lead to possibly death. In critically ill patients, diarrhea increases rates of morbimortality. Assessing diarrhea risks is thus important for clinicians. For this reason, we conducted a hypothesis-generating study focused on AAD to provide insight into methods of prevention. We evaluated the hypothesis of predisposing factors within the resident intestinal microbiota in a cohort of outpatients receiving antibiotherapy. Among the pool of tested variables, only those related to bacterial 16S rRNA genes were found to be relevant. Complex statistical analyses provided further information: amid the bacteria 16S rRNA genes, eight were determined to be essential for diarrhea predisposition and characterized from the most important to the least. Using these markers, AAD risk could be estimated with an error of 2%. This molecular analysis offers new perspectives for clinical applications at the level of prevention.     

Molecular Characterisation of the Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Type II Diabetes

The investigation provides molecular analyses of the faecal microbiota in type 2 diabetic patients. In order to characterise the gut microbiota in diabetic patients and to assess whether there are changes in the diversity and similarity of gut microbiota in diabetic patients when compared with healthy individuals, bacterial DNAs from 16 type 2 diabetic patients and 12 healthy individuals were extracted from faecal samples and characterised by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with primers specifically targeting V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as been sequenced for excised gel bands. The counts of Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium leptum subgroup and Bifidobacterium genus were assessed using quantitative PCR. By comparing species diversity profiles of two groups, we observed that there were no significant differences between diabetic and healthy group, although a few diabetic individuals (D6, D8) exhibited a remarkable decrease in species profiles. As for the similarity index, it was lower in inter-group than that in intra-group, which showed that the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic group might be changed due to diabetes status. Sequencing results also revealed that bacterial composition of diabetic group was different from that of the healthy group. B. vulgatus and Bifidobacterium genus were low represented in the microbiota of diabetic group, and the significant decrease was observed for Bifidobacterium by real-time PCR. Taken together, in this work we observed the characterisation of gut microbiota in diabetic patients, which suggestes that the gut microbiota of diabetes patients have some changes associated with occurrence and development of diabetes.