基于16S rDNA测序的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者肠道菌群研究CSCD

目的 探讨Graves病患者、桥本甲状腺炎患者及健康人的肠道菌群结构、多样性和丰度差异。方法 选取2020年8月至2020年12月于湖北省中医院甲状腺疾病诊疗中心就诊的新诊断且未经治疗的Graves病患者(GD组)、桥本甲状腺炎患者(HT组)各15例以及15例年龄、性别相匹配的健康受试者(健康对照组)。采集参与者粪便样本,采用16S rDNA高通量测序法分析肠道菌群,比较各组对象肠道菌群物种组成及丰度差异。结果 与健康对照组相比,GD组患者肠道菌群Sobs指数、Ace指数、Chao指数偏低,Coverage指数偏高(均P<0.05)。GD组与HT组以及HT组与健康对照组比较,其肠道菌群Sobs指数、Ace指数、Chao指数、Coverage指数差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。3组对象肠道优势菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门。瘤胃球菌属、罗斯伯里菌属、罗姆布茨菌属、链球菌属等在3组对象中差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中GD组患者肠道乳杆菌目、链球菌属、链球菌科的相对丰度较高;HT组患者肠道瘤胃球菌属、消化链球菌科、消化链球菌—蒂氏菌目、罗姆布茨菌、梭菌科、严格厌氧梭状芽胞杆菌1、梭菌目的相对丰度较高;而罗斯伯里菌属、光冈菌属在健康对照组中丰度较高。GD组患者肠道中严格厌氧梭状芽胞杆菌1、Odoribacter、Phocea丰度低于HT组,而Streptococcus的丰度高于HT组(均P<0.05)。结论 Graves病患者、桥本甲状腺炎患者的肠道菌群与健康人群有显著差异,促进脂肪累积与能量吸收的菌群在Graves病患者中降低,而条件致病菌在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者中丰度增加,这些菌种变化可能通过破坏肠道稳态,干预免疫调节,促进炎症反应介导自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发病。严格厌氧梭状芽胞杆菌1、Odoribacter、Phocea、链球菌属可能是Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎的关键差异菌属,但还需要进一步的研究以明确这些菌株介导疾病的机制。     

便秘型肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群变化特点及双歧杆菌四联活菌片的疗效观察

研究便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS-C）患者肠道菌群变化特点,并进一步分析双歧杆菌四联活菌片对其的干预效果。

选取2020年2月至2021年11月于我院消化内科就诊的162例IBS-C患者为研究组;选择同期113例健康体检者作为对照组。采用16S rDNA高通量测序法检测受试者肠道菌群的构成,分析菌群多样性,比较双歧杆菌四联活菌片干预前后IBS-C患者肠道菌群变化特点及便秘症状相关指标变化情况。

研究组患者肠道菌群Ace指数（P=0.001）、Chao指数（P＜0.001）、Shannon指数（P=0.020）、Sobs指数（P＜0.001）均显著低于对照组。在门水平上,研究组患者肠道厚壁菌门和变形菌门的丰度均显著高于对照组,而拟杆菌门丰度均显著低于对照组。双歧杆菌四联活菌片干预后,患者肠道厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度均显著下降,拟杆菌门丰度显著提高。在属水平上,研究组患者肠道乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属丰度均显著低于对照组。双歧杆菌四联活菌片干预后,患者肠道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、粪杆菌属丰度均显著上升。干预后IBS-C患者的便秘症状积分（P＜0.001）、GIQLI评分（P＜0.001）、WC评分（P＜0.001）、PAC-QOL评分（P=0.005）均较干预前差异显著,排便次数也显著增加（P＜0.001）。

IBS-C患者肠道菌群显著紊乱,双歧杆菌四联活菌片能在一定程度上调节患者肠道菌群失衡,同时能够改善胃肠道功能,缓解便秘。

     

呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群的改变

探究呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群的改变,为该类患儿的治疗提供参考。

选取我院2020年4月至2022年4月收治的83例呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿作为试验组,另选我院同期健康新生儿83例作为对照组,收集两组对象粪便标本。对比两组对象肠道菌群的变化情况。

与对照组相比,试验组患儿肠道菌群Chaol指数和Shannon指数显著降低,Ace指数显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组对象肠道厚壁菌门、变形菌门、链球菌属相对丰度对比差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。

呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肠道菌群改变较大。

     

喂养方式对西安地区0～2个月婴儿肠道菌群的影响

探讨母乳和混合喂养方式对西安地区婴儿肠道菌群的影响。

收集24例0～2月龄西安地区健康婴儿粪便样本,根据婴儿的喂养方式,将样本分为母乳喂养组（17例）和以奶粉为主的混合喂养组（7例）。利用16S rRNA基因测序技术对不同喂养方式的婴儿肠道菌群进行测序,比较不同喂养方式对婴儿肠道菌群多样性和菌群差异的影响。

母乳喂养组婴儿粪便样本Ace指数和Chao1指数显著高于混合喂养组（t = 4.886,P＜0.05;t = 6.855,P＜0.05）,Shannon指数显著低于混合喂养组（t = 2.126,P＜0.05）。门水平上,2组样本均以放线菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门为主,但比例存在差异。相比混合喂养组,母乳喂养组婴儿粪便样本放线菌门和拟杆菌门丰度显著升高（U = 6,P＜0.05;U = 0,P＜0.05）,厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著降低（U = 24,P＜0.05;U = 16,P＜0.05）。属水平上,母乳喂养组婴儿粪便样本双歧杆菌相对丰度（72.04%）显著升高,同时发现罗氏菌属和葡萄球菌属相对丰度也高于混合喂养组（U = 17,P＜0.05;U = 28,P＜0.05）;而混合喂养组婴儿粪便样本中,克雷伯菌属、肠球菌属及韦荣球菌属相对丰度显著升高（U = 19,P＜0.05;U = 12,P＜0.05;U = 28,P＜0.05）。

母乳喂养可能通过提高婴儿肠道菌群丰富度和部分益生菌相对丰度,同时降低条件致病菌比例等方式影响婴儿肠道菌群。

     

双相情感障碍患者健康状况与肠道菌群的相关性分析

探讨双相情感障碍（BD）患者健康状况与肠道菌群的相关性,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

收集我院BD患者（BD组）和健康人群（健康对照组）的粪便样本,使用QIAamp^® DNA粪便抽提试剂盒进行粪便样本的总DNA提取,随后进行16S rRNA基因测序,使用主成分分析（PCoA）探究健康对照组和BD组患者肠道菌群多样性情况。采用BD患者自我报告健康问卷评估患者的健康状况。

BD患者肠道菌群Shannon指数（P = 0.020 5）、Chao指数（P = 0.025 1）和Simpson指数（P = 0.020 8）显著低于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）。加权的Unifrac PCoA分析表明,BD组患者肠道菌群相似性低于健康对照组。两组对象肠道菌群门水平上有差异的菌群为放线菌门和厚壁菌门;属、种水平上的差异菌群有普氏粪杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌和瘤胃球菌属。两组对象在功能性身体健康（PCS）、心理健康（MCS）、睡眠质量（PSQI）、抑郁（PHQ-9）、焦虑（GAD-7）和狂躁（ASRM）的平均总成绩上差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。BD患者的功能性身体健康得分与肠道放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌属、梭状芽胞杆菌呈负相关,与普氏粪杆菌以及瘤胃球菌属呈正相关。

健康对照组和BD组患者的肠道菌群结构大致相似,BD患者的肠道菌群多样性低于健康对照组,BD患者健康状况与肠道菌群存在一定的相关性。

     

氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后克罗恩病患者肠道微生物和非靶向代谢组学指标的分析

探讨氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后克罗恩病患者的肠道微生物和非靶向代谢组学指标的变化,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选择我院收治的20例克罗恩病活动期患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采用氨基酸型肠内营养制剂进行支持治疗。比较患者治疗前后肠道菌群结构、菌群多样性以及非靶向代谢组学检测结果的差异。

治疗后,患者肠道乳杆菌属（t=5.200,P＜0.001）、大肠埃希菌（t=11.974,P＜0.001）、克雷伯菌属（t=15.033,P＜0.001）、糖单胞菌（t=12.166,P＜0.001）、恶臭假单胞菌（t=31.063,P＜0.001）、肠球菌属（t=28.867,P＜0.001）数量均显著升高;同时患者肠道菌群OUTs（t=40.435,P＜0.001）、Observed species（t=5.475,P＜0.001）、Chao1指数（t=12.348,P＜0.001）、Simpson指数（t=2.961,P=0.005）、Shannon指数（t=3.330,P=0.002）均显著升高。相比治疗前,治疗后患者血清以及粪便中的氨基酸、多肽、脂肪酸、胆固醇及碳水化合物水平均显著改善。

氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后,克罗恩病患者肠道菌群丰度提高,同时患者脂质代谢的改善可能与氧化应激反应通路相关联。

     

红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响

探讨红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响,为从微生态角度研究红茶在人体肠道菌群形成过程中的作用机制奠定基础。

利用宏基因组测序技术检测4周龄新生幼鼠（4weeks组,n = 30）、12周龄正常对照组小鼠（control组,n = 15）和12周龄喂饲红茶水实验组小鼠（teadrink组,n = 15）的肠道菌群分布,分析3组样本的菌群差异情况,探求红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响。

与control组相比,teadrink组小鼠肠道拟杆菌门（t = −7.711,P＜0.001）、拟杆菌科（t = −3.411,P = 0.009）、长尾嗤菌体科（t = −2.515,P = 0.036）、拟杆菌属（t = −2.693,P = 0.027）、邓肯菌属（t = −2.434,P = 0.041）、居海事城球杆菌属（t = −3.327,P = 0.029）、迪博邓肯菌（t = −2.679,P = 0.028）、普通居海事城球杆菌（t = −3.401,P = 0.027）和Duncaniella_sp._C9（t = −3.104,P = 0.035）相对丰度显著增加,厚壁菌门（t = 8.952,P＜0.001）、乳杆菌科（t = 13.102,P＜0.001）、消化链球菌科（t = 3.665,P = 0.021）、爱格菌科（t = 4.481,P = 0.002）、理研菌科（t = 3.626,P = 0.022）、乳杆菌属（t = 5.542,P = 0.004）、黏液乳杆菌属（t = 6.334,P = 0.002）、龙包茨菌属（t = 3.785,P = 0.005）、阿德勒菌属（t = 4.504,P = 0.002）、约氏乳杆菌（t = 4.282,P = 0.011）和罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌（t = 6.156,P = 0.003）相对丰度显著减少。与4weeks组相比,teadrink组小鼠肠道菌群分布差异大于control组。

红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群的形成能够产生影响,不同丰度的菌群可能通过调节碳水化合物代谢等途径来达到改善肠道菌群结构、增强肠道稳态的目的,具体代谢机制有待深入研究。

     

基于16S rDNA测序技术分析功能性便秘患者粪便菌群

运用16S rDNA测序技术分析功能性便秘（FC）患者粪便菌群特征,以期寻找FC特征菌,为FC诊治寻找新的治疗靶点。

收集福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院60例实验组（FC患者）和30例正常组的粪便,采用16S rDNA测序技术分析粪便菌群结构,并进行基因功能的预测。

两组在门水平上,主要由厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门组成;在属水平上,主要优势菌以粪杆菌属和拟杆菌属为主。实验组粪便菌群丰富度指数Chao1、Observed_OTUs较正常组升高（P＜0.05）,多样性指数Shannon指数和Simpson指数虽有上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。布劳特菌属、罗氏菌属、Ruminococcus_gnavus_group、Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group、Eubacterium_hallii_group、Anaerostipes、Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group、Dorea、乳球菌属在实验组中丰度均显著降低（P＜0.01）。实验组特征菌为小杆菌属,正常组为布劳特菌属和埃希菌−志贺菌属。实验组蔗糖降解Ⅲ（PWY-621）、丙酮酸发酵成乙酸和乳酸（PWY-5100）和琥珀酸发酵成丁酸盐（PWY-5677）功能下降（P＜0.05）。

功能性便秘患者主要表现为肠道菌群丰度与多样性升高,FC的发病可能与菌群结构发生改变有关。

     

肠道菌群与路易体痴呆的相关性研究

探讨路易体痴呆（DLB）患者的肠道菌群组成及相关性。

选取2021年1月—2023年8月在温州市中西医结合医院招募的17例DLB患者和招募的21名健康对照者（HC）,分别设为DLB组和HC组。DLB患者通过简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、日常生活活动能力（ADL）量表、统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分（UPDRSⅢ）评估病情。采用16S rRNA基因测序比较两组肠道菌群组成的异同。菌群特征和DLB病情严重程度的相关性分析采用Spearman相关性分析。

两组间性别、年龄、受教育时间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,DLB组MMSE评分、ADL评分、UPDRSⅢ评分与HC组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。与HC组相比,DLB组肠道菌群菌种多样性降低（P＜0.05）,粪杆菌属相对丰度下降,埃希−志贺菌属、链球菌属、Ligilactobacillus相对丰度升高（P＜0.05）。粪杆菌属的相对丰度与MMSE评分呈正相关（r=0.405,P＜0.001）,与病程和UPDRSⅢ呈负相关（r= −0.238,P=0.019）;埃希−志贺菌属与病程和UPDRSⅢ呈正相关（r=0.263,P=0.008）,与MMSE评分和ADL评分呈负相关（r= −0.290,P=0.003）。

DLB患者肠道菌群结构发生改变,肠道菌群失调可能在DLB的发生发展中发挥重要作用。

     

Lynch综合征患者肠道菌群特征及其与糖脂代谢水平的相关性

探讨遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌（Lynch综合征）患者肠道菌群特点及其与糖脂代谢指标的相关性。

选取2011年9月至2021年9月我院收治的42例Lynch综合征患者作为Lynch组,并选取42例同期健康体检人群作为对照组。比较两组对象粪便菌群的丰度和多样性,应用Pearson相关性检验分析不同菌属拷贝数与糖脂代谢指标水平的相关性。

Lynch组患者肠道菌群Chao1指数、Ace指数、Shannon指数均高于对照组,Simpson指数低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。Lynch组患者HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、apo-B水平均高于对照组,HDL-C和apo-A1水平低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。Lynch组患者粪便中以变形菌门、肠球菌属、埃希菌属、消化链球菌属、韦荣球菌属、不动杆菌属为主要优势菌。Lynch组患者TG水平与乳杆菌属拷贝数呈负相关,与埃希菌属和韦荣球菌属拷贝数呈正相关（均P＜0.05）;HDL-C水平与乳杆菌属和布劳特菌属拷贝数呈正相关,与埃希菌属、韦荣球菌属、消化链球菌属拷贝数呈负相关（均P＜0.05）;FPG水平与乳杆菌属和布劳特菌属拷贝数呈负相关,与肠球菌属、埃希菌属、韦荣球菌属拷贝数呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。

Lynch综合征患者肠道菌群丰度和多样性低于健康人,其中乳杆菌属、布劳特菌属、埃希菌属等菌群与糖脂代谢具有相关性。

     

Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with Graves' disease: clinical manifestations,follow-up,and outcomes

Background  

The encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is characterized by neurological/psychiatric symptoms, high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, non-specific electroencephalogram abnormalities, and responsiveness to the corticosteroid treatment in patients with an autoimmune thyroid disease. Almost all EAATD patients are affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), although fourteen EAATD patients with Graves' disease (GD) have been also reported.     

Circulating chemokines in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Chemokines are a group of small proteins that recruit different leukocyte subtypes to sites of inflammation and play important roles in initiating and maintaining immunological responses in autoimmune endocrine diseases including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Previous studies have found increased gene and protein expression of different kinds of chemokines not only within the thyroid gland but also within thyroid cells in GD or HT patients. A few studies have determined serum levels of chemokines, with conflicting results. We measured circulating concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in patients with GD, HT, and nontoxic nodular thyroid disease (NNT). While CCL2 and CXCL9 concentrations were comparable in patients with either AITD or NNT, CCL5 was significantly increased in GD patients compared with HT or NNT subjects. In contrast, CXCL10 levels were lower in patients with GD, but the difference was statistically significant only when compared with patients with HT (p=0.0018). Importantly, GD patients who relapsed or went into remission had significantly different levels of CXCL9 (p=0.0252). Serum levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 did not reveal any correlation with thyroid volume; with the levels of thyrotropin (TSH), FT3, or FT4; or with the titers of TSH receptor antibody and thyroperoxidase antibody. These data suggest that the expression patterns of chemokines in various thyroid diseases differ from each other, which may reflect the distinct immune responses in HT and GD.     

Analysis of Fas, FasL and Caspase-8 expression in thyroid gland in young patients with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases

INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis, programmed cell death is a regulating mechanism enabling the removal of superabundantly produced and unnecessary at the certain moment cells. Disturbances of the apoptosis regulation contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate expression of proapoptotic Fas/FasL and caspase-8 in thyroid tissues in patients with Graves' disease (GD), non-toxic nodular goiter (NTNG) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria of Graves' patients were: large goiter, ophthalmopathy, TRAb > 5 U/L, positive titre of anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies and concentration of TSH < 0.45 microIU/mL for more the 2-3 months from an onset of the disease. Isolated thyrocytes were identified by indirect method: in the first stage mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) anti-TPO were bound to rabbit anti-mouse antibodies IgG (Fab')2 labeled FITC. To obtained cellular suspension mAbs directed against apoptotic Fas/FasL molecules labeled with PE (Phycoerythrin) was added. All investigations were performed on Coulter EPICS XL flow cytometer. Detection of apoptotic proteins was confirmed by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry methods using mAbs in DAB chromogene visuality and marked by Mayer's haematoxylin. Evaluation of caspase-8 expression in thyroid follicular cells was performed by Western Blot test. RESULTS: The analysis of Fas and FasL expression on surface of thyroid follicular cells was higher in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (38%, 26%) in comparison with patients with Graves' disease (18%, 14%). In case of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis significantly lower percentage of thyroid tissue infiltrating immune Fas+ (13%) and FasL+ (22%) T cells in comparison with Graves' patients (33%, 43% respectively) was observed . Identification of proapoptotic Fas and FasL molecules in the thyroid follicular cells revealed higher expression of both proteins in patients with GD (++,++) and HT (+++; +++, respectively) in comparison with NTNG patients (+/0; +/0). Caspase-8 expression was detected in band 55 kDa using Western Blot test in patients with thyroid autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that alteration in the expression of proapoptotic proteins in thyroid follicular cells may play a role in pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disorders. In addition, suppression of apoptosis in Graves' disease led to increased proliferation of thyroid follicular cells which is responsible for goiter formation.     

CTLA4 gene polymorphisms in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid diseases

Two common forms of autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) encoded by the CTLA4 gene on chromosome 2q33 plays a role in susceptibility to Graves' disease and is probably important also for Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as for the other endocrine autoimmune disorders. The CTLA4 locus is the only nonhuman leukocyte antigen locus that has been found in association with Graves' disease repeatedly. Particularly, association of three polymorphic markers of CTLA4 gene, namely, C(-318)T, A49G, and (AT)n dinucleotide repeat, with Graves' disease was demonstrated in most of the population-based investigations. On the other hand, there are few studies to reveal the association of these markers with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A49G polymorphism was proposed to be associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and C(-318)T was suggested to be not associated. The patient groups consisted of 88 patients (10 males and 78 females; mean age: 14.5 +/- 3.2 years [4.6-21.0 years]) with a previous diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 112 euthyroid volunteers (51 males and 61 females; mean age: 14.1 +/- 2.9 years [5.2-18 years]). The frequency of A/G (A49G) genotype was high and statistically significant in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in comparison with the control group. Although the frequency of C/T [C(-318)T] genotype is not significantly high in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis according to the control group, the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in A/G genotype group was 4.66 times greater than the group with A/A genotype. In this study, we documented that the A49G polymorphism might increase the susceptibility for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.     

质子泵抑制剂对慢性肝病患者肠道微生态的影响

目的探究质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)对慢性肝病患者肠道微生态的影响。方法选取郑州市第六人民医院2018年12月至2019年3月诊断及拟行PPIs治疗的慢性肝病患者31名,使用奥美拉唑进行治疗,20 mg/次,2次/d,疗程4周,检测治疗前后肠道菌群的构成。结果治疗前后患者肠道菌群构成差异显著:治疗后患者肠道菌群在Shannon指数(4.61±0.62 vs 5.01±0.83;t=2.889,P=0.005)、Simpson指数(0.89±0.09 vs 0.95±0.11;t=3.159,P=0.002)显著低于治疗前;治疗前患者肠道菌群中Coriobacteriaceae、Eggerthella、Ruminococcus、Anaerotruncus、Dorea、Turicibacter、Paraprevotella的相对丰度显著高于治疗后,治疗后肠道菌群中Veillonellaceae、Campylobacter、Haemophilus、Streptococcus、Streptococcaceae、Lactobacillus、Lactobacillaceae的相对丰度显著高于治疗前(均P<0.05)。结论PPIs可改变慢性肝病患者肠道菌群的构成。     

Elevated serum IL-16 and RANTES levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and modulation by methimazole therapy

Interleukine-16 (IL-16) and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) are 2 cytokines with the function of T helper cell recruitment, which might play a key role in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). This study was aimed to evaluate the IL-16 and RANTES in patients with AITD. Serum IL-16 and RANTES levels were measured in patients with Graves' disease (GD; n=45), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT; n=68), nontoxic multinodular goiter (NTMNG; n=20), and healthy individuals (n=61). The results showed that serum IL-16 and RANTES levels were elevated both in HT and higher in untreated GD patients when compared to NTMNG patients and the healthy individuals, which were decreased after MMI therapy in untreated GD patients. However, in HT patients, serum IL-16 and RANTES levels were comparable among the conditions of hyperthyroid and euthyroid received by l-thyroxine therapy and untreated hypothyroid. Furthermore, serum IL-16 levels were correlated with FT3, FT4, TRAb in GD, but not in HT patients. The data did not show any correlation between RANTES levels and clinical factors. In conclusion, IL-16 and RANTES might be involved in the pathogenesis of GD and HT, and serum IL-16 levels in GD maybe a potential marker of disease activity and severity.     

阴道菌群与子宫脱垂的相关性研究

研究阴道菌群与子宫脱垂的相关性,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取杭州市妇产科医院门诊或体检中心募集的30例子宫脱垂患者（研究组）和30例健康人群（对照组）。利用细菌16S rDNA扩增技术分析两组对象阴道菌群的组成特点,并利用 LEfSe 及 LDA 分析具有显著差异的菌群。

在属水平上,绝经前人群阴道Oribacterium、Xanthomonadaceae_unclassified在研究组的相对丰度大于对照组（均P＜0.05）;绝经后人群阴道Finegoldia、Paracnuella、Clostridium_XVIII在研究组的相对丰度大于对照组,Alterileibacterium、Ileibacterium、Microbacteriaceae_unclassified在研究组的相对丰度小于对照组（均P＜0.05）。两组对象阴道菌群丰度指数（Sobs、Chao、Ace）及多样性指数（Shannon、Simpson、InvSimpson）差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。研究组中绝经前人群阴道菌群Sobs、Chao、Shannon、Invsimpson指数小于绝经后人群,Simpson指数大于绝经后人群（均P＜0.05）。绝经后人群中,研究组对象Finegoldia丰度较高,对照组对象Sneathia丰度较高。绝经前人群中,研究组对象Fastidiosipila丰度较高,对照组对象Parvimonas丰度较高。ROC曲线提示,Anaerococcus和Sneathia的组合有助于预测子宫脱垂的发生。绝经后,研究组对象脂质代谢显著下降,而蛋白酶体代谢通路功能显著上升。

阴道菌群与子宫脱垂具有相关性。蛋白酶体代谢通路可能通过下调雌激素及受体水平参与了子宫脱垂的发生。

     

基于TLR4/NF-κB信号通路探究涤浊汤对高尿酸血症大鼠肠道菌群紊乱的调节作用

探究TLR4/NF-κB信号通路能否成为涤浊汤调节高尿酸血症大鼠肠道菌群紊乱的机制。

将70只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为NC组、HUA组、DZTL组、DZTM组、DZTH组、阳性对照组和DZTH+LPS组,每组10只。检测大鼠血清中尿酸（SUA）、肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）和内毒素（LPS）水平。 HE染色观察肾组织病理学变化;16S rDNA测序检测肠道菌群alpha多样性与肠道菌群群落结构;蛋白质印迹法检测肾组织中TLR4和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达。

与NC组相比,HUA组大鼠血清中SUA、Cr、BUN、XOD及LPS水平均显著升高（均P＜0.05）;与HUA组相比,DZTL组、DZTM组、DZTH组和阳性对照组大鼠血清中SUA、Cr、BUN、XOD、LPS水平以及Shannon指数、Sobs指数、Chao1指数、Ace指数均显著降低,DZTH组和阳性对照组变化最显著（均P＜0.05）;与DZTH组相比,DZTH+LPS组大鼠血清中SUA、Cr、BUN、XOD、LPS水平以及Shannon指数、Sobs指数、Chao1指数、Ace指数均显著升高（均P＜0.05）。与NC组相比,HUA组厚壁菌门、放线菌门、梭状芽胞杆菌属、瘤胃菌属、乳杆菌属、颤螺菌属和双歧杆菌属相对丰度均显著降低,拟杆菌门、变形菌门、TM7菌门、拟杆菌属、产芽胞菌属和TM-3菌属相对丰度均显著升高（均P＜0.05）;与HUA组相比,DZTL组、DZTM组、DZTH组和阳性对照组厚壁菌门、放线菌门、梭状芽胞杆菌属、瘤胃菌属、乳杆菌属、颤螺菌属和双歧杆菌属相对丰度均显著升高,拟杆菌门、变形菌门、TM7菌门、拟杆菌属、产芽胞菌属和TM-3菌属相对丰度均显著降低（均P＜0.05）;与DZTH组相比,DZTH+LPS组厚壁菌门、放线菌门、梭状芽胞杆菌属、瘤胃菌属、乳杆菌属、颤螺菌属和双歧杆菌属相对丰度均显著降低,拟杆菌门、变形菌门、TM7菌门、拟杆菌属、产芽胞菌属和TM-3菌属相对丰度均显著升高（均P＜0.05）。与NC组相比,HUA组大鼠肾组织中TLR4、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著增加（均P＜0.01）;与HUA组相比,DZTL组、DZTM组、DZTH组和阳性对照组肾组织中TLR4、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著降低（均P＜0.01）;DZTH组大鼠肾组织中TLR4、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达和阳性对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.559）;与DZTH组相比,DZTH+LPS组大鼠肾组织中TLR4、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著增加（P＜0.01）。

涤浊汤可改善高尿酸血症大鼠肠道菌群平衡状况,发挥抗高尿酸血症的作用,其作用机制与抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路活化有关。