杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115（Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115）发酵乳饮品对小鼠免疫脏器指数、免疫球蛋白、巨噬细胞、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞及T淋巴细胞的影响。

将SPF级6～8周龄雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为对照组以及杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品低、中、高剂量组,每组15只,连续灌胃30 d,进行免疫脏器指数测定、免疫球蛋白测定、碳廓清能力测定、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性测定、脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素测定和抗体细胞生成实验。

杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品低、中、高剂量组的小鼠碳廓清指数显著高于对照组（t = 3.926 2,P = 0.000 7;t = 6.000 1,P＜0.000 1;t = 5.314 4,P＜0.000 1）,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率显著高于对照组（t = 3.812 1,P = 0.001 5;t = 4.257 2,P = 0.000 4;t = 4.976 3,P = 0.000 5）。

杀菌型副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115发酵乳饮品具有增强小鼠非特异性免疫力的功能,可为副干酪乳酪杆菌N1115的开发利用提供科学依据。

     

具有抗幽门螺杆菌能力的乳酸菌菌株筛选CSCD

目的 在8株乳酸菌中筛选能够抗幽门螺杆菌感染的乳酸菌菌株,为后续研发治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的益生菌制剂提供依据。方法 在8株乳酸菌菌株中,通过对幽门螺杆菌抑菌率的检测及构建人胃腺癌细胞感染模型检测8株乳酸菌对幽门螺杆菌的抑制作用,以及对尿素酶活性的检测判断8株菌的抗幽门螺杆菌的能力。结果 在抑菌试验中,植物乳植杆菌HCS03-001(t=2.938,P=0.008)和副干酪乳酪杆菌HCS17-040(t=3.864,P=0.006)上清液的抑菌作用较强;植物乳植杆菌HCS03-001、罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌RH02100、副干酪乳酪杆菌HCS17-040能够降低幽门螺杆菌对AGS细胞的黏附能力;通过幽门螺杆菌菌悬液与乳酸菌菌悬液共培养,发现植物乳植杆菌HCS03-001(t=6.257,P<0.001)、副干酪乳酪杆菌HCS17-040(t=5.873,P=0.005)抑制尿素酶活性的作用更强。结论 植物乳植杆菌HCS03-001和副干酪乳酪杆菌HCS17-040具有抗幽门螺杆菌感染的能力。     

鼠李糖乳酪杆菌RH0121冻干工艺优化及降血糖作用的研究

优化鼠李糖乳酪杆菌（Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus）RH0121的冻干工艺,探究其辅助降血糖作用。

通过单因素试验和响应面试验,优化鼠李糖乳酪杆菌RH0121冻干粉的生产工艺;同时利用小鼠实验,探究服用冻干粉后小鼠的体质量、口服葡萄糖耐量和血清生化指标水平的变化。

优化后的工艺为发酵时间9 h,发酵温度37 ℃,接种量4%,冻干时间50 h。经验证,冻干粉活菌数为5.5×10¹¹ CFU/g。灌胃冻干粉样品后的小鼠体质量缓慢回升,小鼠灌胃后120 min血糖水平低于灌胃前（P＜0.05）。灌胃后,样品组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL和TNF-α水平均低于模型组,INS水平高于模型组（均P＜0.05）。

鼠李糖乳酪杆菌RH0121具有辅助降血糖作用,可为开发其他降血糖产品提供原料。

     

双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对幽门螺杆菌根治后消化道不良反应的改善作用

探讨加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对临床四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)过程中患者消化道不良反应的改善作用。

选择2019年1月至2020年1月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院门诊就诊的100例H.pylori感染患者, 分为益生菌组和正常组, 各50例。全部患者通过四联疗法根除H.pylori后, 益生菌组患者继续加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗, 对结果进行分析。

2组患者使用含有铋剂的四联疗法根除H.pylori后效果满意。益生菌组患者不良反应发生率低于正常组(25.5% vs 47.5%;χ²=11.023, P=0.001)。

益生菌可减轻四联疗法根除H.pylori后消化道不良反应, 根除H.pylori过程中加用益生菌的时机尚待进一步探讨。

     

乳杆菌及双歧杆菌缓解便秘的机制

探讨可改善患者便秘症状的植物乳植杆菌LP45、嗜酸乳杆菌La28和动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BAL531的作用机制。

采用HT-29细胞与肠道菌群体外批量发酵系统结合的方法,检测益生菌增殖肠上皮细胞、提升肠道紧密连接性与黏膜屏障能力以及增强五羟色胺转运体（SERT）、水通道蛋白-3（AQP-3）表达的能力。

菌株LP45和BAL531均具有较好的黏附能力并能够增殖肠上皮细胞,菌株La28无增殖作用;菌株LP45、La28和BAL531能显著提升紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin的mRNA相对表达水平,最高达2.73倍（t = 13.099,P＜0.001）,从而增强肠道屏障。菌株LP45使黏蛋白（MUC2）mRNA相对表达量显著提升1.89倍（t = 10.285,P = 0.001）,菌株La28与BAL531无显著影响;菌株LP45、La28和BAL531使SERT mRNA相对表达量分别提升2.13倍、1.45倍和4.00倍,其中菌株BAL531效果最显著（t = 21.308,P＜0.001）;另外,菌株LP45可使AQP-3 mRNA相对表达量提升2.12倍（t = 10.625,P＜0.001）,菌株BAL531使AQP-3 mRNA相对表达量下调0.79倍（t = ‒2.611,P = 0.059）,菌株La28无显著影响（t = ‒0.951,P = 0.395）。

菌株LP45、La28和BAL531对便秘症状的缓解作用可能是通过特异性增加肠道润滑、促进肠道蠕动、减缓肠道水液吸收等不同机制实现的。

     

含乳杆菌的益生菌制剂干预2型糖尿病疗效及安全性的Meta分析

系统评价益生菌类制剂治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性,尤其是包含乳杆菌的益生菌制剂的疗效。

运用计算机检索Embase、Cochrane、Pubmed数据库,搜索益生菌干预2型糖尿病的临床随机对照试验。应用Review manager 5.4.1软件进行Meta分析,最终纳入16项研究,包含1 015名患者。

试验组的干预方式在改善患者空腹血糖[SMD = –0.37,95% CI（–0.52,–0.23）,P＜0.01]、改善胰岛素抵抗[SMD = –0.39,95% CI（–0.55,–0.24）,P＜0.01]、提高高密度脂蛋白[SMD = 0.22,95% CI（0.07,0.38）,P＜0.01]、降低甘油三酯[SMD = –0.18,95% CI（–0.33,–0.03）,P = 0.02]水平方面优于对照组,而在患者体质量指数[MD = 0.27,95% CI（–0.45,1.00）,P = 0.46]、胆固醇[SMD = 0.01,95% CI（–0.13,0.15）,P = 0.94]、高敏C-反应蛋白[SMD = –0.15,95% CI（–0.33,0.02）,P = 0.09]、收缩压[MD = –0.76,95% CI（–2.77,1.26）,P = 0.46]、舒张压[MD = –0.29,95% CI（–1.75,1.18）,P = 0.70]方面差异均无统计学意义。16项研究中有4项研究报道了不良反应,主要包括腹泻、便秘、头痛。

含有乳杆菌的益生菌制剂可改善糖尿病患者空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗、甘油三酯等水平。

     

厄贝沙坦片联合益生菌对高血压伴肥胖患者的疗效及对肠道菌群的调控作用

探讨厄贝沙坦片联合益生菌对高血压伴肥胖患者的疗效及对肠道菌群的调控作用。

选取2021年10月—2022年10月本院400例高血压伴肥胖患者。随机法分组：对照组（200例）给予厄贝沙坦治疗,研究组（200例）在对照组基础上联用益生菌。比较两组治疗前后舒张压（DBP）、收缩压（SBP）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-6水平和肠道菌群变化,统计治疗期间不良反应发生情况。

治疗后,研究组DBP、SBP、CRP和IL-6水平均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,研究组乳杆菌、拟杆菌及双歧杆菌水平高于对照组,肠杆菌及肠球菌水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组不良反应发生率为3.0%,对照组为4.5%,差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.623,P = 0.430）。

厄贝沙坦联合益生菌治疗高血压伴肥胖可提升患者血压控制效果,减轻炎症反应,改善肠道紊乱菌群,且不良反应少。

     

一种复合益生菌粉增强免疫力功能的动物研究

通过细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、NK细胞活性测定试验检验由植物乳植杆菌HEAL9和副干酪乳酪杆菌8700:2配制而成的复合益生菌粉对小鼠免疫力功能的影响。

将50只雄性BALB/c小鼠按体质量随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组以及益生菌粉低、中和高剂量组,每组10只,分别使用去离子水、转移因子口服液和相应浓度的益生菌粉进行灌胃给药,1次/d,连续30 d。实验过程中分别对小鼠进行迟发型变态反应试验、抗体生成细胞检测及血清溶血素生成试验。末次给药次日,对小鼠进行淋巴细胞转化的影响试验、碳廓清试验和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验。并委托细胞室进行靶细胞（YAC-1）传代,进行NK细胞活性试验。

与阴性对照组相比,益生菌粉低、中、高剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、抗体积数及NK细胞活性均升高,益生菌粉高剂量组小鼠耳肿胀度、溶血空斑数、吞噬指数及吞噬百分率升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。

依照《保健食品功能评价方法（2020年版）（征求意见稿）》有助于增强免疫力功能检验方法及结果判定,判定该复合益生菌粉具有增强免疫力功能作用。

     

红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响

探讨红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响,为从微生态角度研究红茶在人体肠道菌群形成过程中的作用机制奠定基础。

利用宏基因组测序技术检测4周龄新生幼鼠（4weeks组,n = 30）、12周龄正常对照组小鼠（control组,n = 15）和12周龄喂饲红茶水实验组小鼠（teadrink组,n = 15）的肠道菌群分布,分析3组样本的菌群差异情况,探求红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群形成的影响。

与control组相比,teadrink组小鼠肠道拟杆菌门（t = −7.711,P＜0.001）、拟杆菌科（t = −3.411,P = 0.009）、长尾嗤菌体科（t = −2.515,P = 0.036）、拟杆菌属（t = −2.693,P = 0.027）、邓肯菌属（t = −2.434,P = 0.041）、居海事城球杆菌属（t = −3.327,P = 0.029）、迪博邓肯菌（t = −2.679,P = 0.028）、普通居海事城球杆菌（t = −3.401,P = 0.027）和Duncaniella_sp._C9（t = −3.104,P = 0.035）相对丰度显著增加,厚壁菌门（t = 8.952,P＜0.001）、乳杆菌科（t = 13.102,P＜0.001）、消化链球菌科（t = 3.665,P = 0.021）、爱格菌科（t = 4.481,P = 0.002）、理研菌科（t = 3.626,P = 0.022）、乳杆菌属（t = 5.542,P = 0.004）、黏液乳杆菌属（t = 6.334,P = 0.002）、龙包茨菌属（t = 3.785,P = 0.005）、阿德勒菌属（t = 4.504,P = 0.002）、约氏乳杆菌（t = 4.282,P = 0.011）和罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌（t = 6.156,P = 0.003）相对丰度显著减少。与4weeks组相比,teadrink组小鼠肠道菌群分布差异大于control组。

红茶对新生幼鼠肠道菌群的形成能够产生影响,不同丰度的菌群可能通过调节碳水化合物代谢等途径来达到改善肠道菌群结构、增强肠道稳态的目的,具体代谢机制有待深入研究。

     

益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性评价

评估益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性,为其应用提供依据。

通过大鼠急性经口毒性试验、细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验、小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验及大鼠28 d经口毒性试验研究益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的安全性。

大鼠急性经口毒性试验结果显示,益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌 207-27）对大鼠的经口急性毒性LD₅₀均大于15.00 g/（kg•BW）,根据急性毒性分级标准属实际无毒。细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果均显示阴性。大鼠28 d经口毒性试验结果表明,实验组大鼠体质量、摄食量、食物利用率、眼部状况、血液学指标、血液生化指标、脏器指数、大体及病理学检查结果与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。

益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）具有良好的毒理学安全性。

     

The influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal tract infections among children attending childcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Current literature related to the impact of probiotics on the incidence of gastrointestinal tract infections (GITIs) has shown mixed results and no systematic review available with pooled analysis exists. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to provide contemporary evidence regarding the overall and strain-specific influence of probiotics in preventing GITIs among infants and children attending childcare centres. The review shortlisted 18 RCTs after screening through the initial search results of 779 articles. However, only 15 trials were deemed eligible, addressing at least one outcome in the pooled analysis. It is concluded that the supplementation of probiotics (overall effect) may reduce the risk of GITI episode by 26%, with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG being specifically potent probiotic strains in reducing GITI episode, duration of infection and absence from childcare respectively. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 based on the findings of the trials included in this review.     

The probiotic properties and potential of vaginal Lactobacillus spp. isolated from healthy women against some vaginal pathogens

During the last decade, probiotic research has progressed considerably and significant advances have been made in the selection and characterization of specific probiotic strains. The most studied probiotics belong to the genus Lactobacillus. In this study, 80 Lactobacillus spp. isolated from healthy women tolerated low pH and were able to grow in the presence of bile salts. RAPD PCR technique resulted in the identification of 38 different types. These isolates were then evaluated based on adhesion capacity, antibiotic susceptibility and tolerance in simulated gastrointestinal tract. Species-specific PCR and detection of bacteriocin-related genes were also surveyed. Among the isolates, five strains—Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NO21, Lacticaseibacillus casei NO1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NO4, Lactobacillus acidophilus NO7 and Lactobacillus gasseri NO38—presented acceptable antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Further analysis showed antimicrobial activity of Lacticaseibacillus culture against various bacterial pathogens and real-time PCR showed all five strains were able to prevent the colonization of bacterial pathogens. All five selected strains produced organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and were resistant to the spermicide. In addition, they lacked haemolytic activity with the ability of hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation with pathogens. These results suggest that the vaginal microbiome could be a good source for the isolation of probiotics and the strains of this study may be considered as good probiotic candidates.     

Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and Taiwanese pickled cabbage

This study assessed potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from Taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. Five Lactobacillus isolates identified as Lactobacillus reuteri F03, Lactobacillus paracasei F08, Lactobacillus rhamnosus F14, Lactobacillus plantarum C06, and Lactobacillus acidophilus C11 that showed resistance to gastric juice and bile salts were selected for further evaluation of their probiotic properties. All the strains demonstrated the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, particularly, strain L. plantarum C06 and L. reuteri F03 showed satisfactory abilities, which were similar to that of the reference strain L. rhamnosus GG. The strains L. paracasei F08 and L. acidophilus C11 had the highest β-galactosidase activity. Most of the strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and vancomycin but sensitive to ampicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin. All the 5 strains elicited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and -negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) pathogens. Moreover, the strains L. reuteri F03, L. paracasei F08, and L. plantarum C06 could grow rapidly in milk without nutrient supplementation and reached 10? cfu/mL after 24 h of fermentation at 37 °C. The viable cell counts of the 3 strains remained above 10? cfu/mL after 21 d of storage at 4 °C. In the animal feeding trial, the number of intestinal lactobacilli increased significantly after administration of milk fermented with the 3 strains, and the counts of fecal coliforms and Clostridium perfringens were markedly reduced. Lactobacillus strains could also survive in the ileal intestinal tissue of the treated rats. Technologically interesting Lactobacillus isolates may be used in the future as probiotic starter cultures for manufacturing novel fermented foods.     

In vitro effects of selected synbiotics on the human faecal microbiota composition

Synbiotics are recognized means of modulating gut microbiota composition and activities. However, whether synbiotics are superior to prebiotics and probiotics alone in moderating the gut microbiota towards a purportedly healthy composition has not been determined. Eight selected synbiotics (short-chain fructooligosaccharides or fructooligosaccharides, each combined with one of four probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 or Bifidobacterium longum 46) were added to 24-h pH-controlled anaerobic faecal batch cultures. The prebiotic and probiotic components were also tested alone to determine their respective role within the synbiotic for modulation of the faecal microbiota. Effects upon major groups of the microbiota were evaluated using FISH. Rifampicin variant probiotic strains were used to assess probiotic levels. Synbiotic and prebiotics increased bifidobacteria and the Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides group. Lower levels of Escherichia coli were retrieved with these combinations after 5 and 10 h of fermentation. Probiotics alone had little effect upon the groups, however. Multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of synbiotics differed from the prebiotics as higher levels of Lactobacillus-Enterococcus were observed when the probiotic was stimulated by the prebiotic component. Here, the synbiotic approach was more effective than prebiotic or probiotic alone to modulate the gut microbiota.     

Differentiation of Lactobacillus isolates from infant faeces by SDS-PAGE and rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes

Isolates of lactobacilli from infant faeces phenotypically characterized as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (six strains), Lact. rhamnosus (six strains), Lact. gasseri (three strains), Lact. acidophilus (one strain) and Lact. fermentum/reuteri (three strains) according to recent classification systems were subjected to SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins and rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe hybridization, in order to confirm the phenotypic characterization and elucidate the exact taxonomic position of the three strains that had properties between fermentum and reuteri. Results suggested a good agreement between the phenotypic characterization, SDS-PAGE and rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe hybridization for strains of all species except for the Lact. fermentum/reuteri strains. Results obtained by rRNA probes suggested a possible phylogenetic relatedness of the strains to Lact. reuteri. Isolates from infant faeces with interesting probiotic properties could be used as components of fermented milk products.     

Screening of species-specific lactic acid bacteria for veal calves multi-strain probiotic adjuncts

The selection of promising specific species of lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotic characteristics is of particular interest in producing multi species-specific probiotic adjuncts in veal calves rearing. The aim of the present work was to select and evaluate in?vitro the functional activity of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum and Bacillus coagulans strains isolated from veal calves in order to assess their potential use as multi species-specific probiotics for veal calves. For this purpose, bacterial strains isolated from faeces collected from 40 healthy 50-day-calves, were identified by RiboPrinter and 16s rRNA gene sequence. The most frequent strains belonged to the species B. longum, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus animalis and Streptococcus macedonicus. Among these, 7 strains were chosen for testing their probiotic characteristics in?vitro. Three strains, namely L. animalis SB310, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SB137 and B. coagulans SB117 showed varying individual but promising capabilities to survive in the gastrointestinal tract, to adhere, to produce antimicrobial compounds. These three selected species-specific bacteria demonstrated in?vitro, both singularly and mixed, the functional properties needed for their use as potential probiotics in veal calves.     

Screening and Characterization of Purine Nucleoside Degrading Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Chinese Sauerkraut and Evaluation of the Serum Uric Acid Lowering Effect in Hyperuricemic Rats

Hyperuricemia is well known as the cause of gout. In recent years, it has also been recognized as a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, and nephropathy in diabetic patients. Foods high in purine compounds are more potent in exacerbating hyperuricemia. Therefore, the development of probiotics that efficiently degrade purine compounds is a promising potential therapy for the prevention of hyperuricemia. In this study, fifty-five lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chinese sauerkraut were evaluated for the ability to degrade inosine and guanosine, the two key intermediates in purine metabolism. After a preliminary screening based on HPLC, three candidate strains with the highest nucleoside degrading rates were selected for further characterization. The tested biological characteristics of candidate strains included acid tolerance, bile tolerance, anti-pathogenic bacteria activity, cell adhesion ability, resistance to antibiotics and the ability to produce hydrogen peroxide. Among the selected strains, DM9218 showed the best probiotic potential compared with other strains despite its poor bile resistance. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed that DM9218 has the highest similarity (99%) to Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The acclimated strain DM9218-A showed better resistance to 0.3% bile salt, and its survival in gastrointestinal tract of rats was proven by PCR-DGGE. Furthermore, the effects of DM9218-A in a hyperuricemia rat model were evaluated. The level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic rat can be efficiently reduced by the intragastric administration of DM9218-A (P<0.05). The preventive treatment of DM9218-A caused a greater reduction in serum uric acid concentration in hyperuricemic rats than the later treatment (P<0.05). Our results suggest that DM9218-A may be a promising candidate as an adjunctive treatment in patients with hyperuricemia during the onset period of disease. DM9218-A also has potential as a probiotic in the prevention of hyperuricemia in the normal population.     

Antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens

AIM: To develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antagonistic activity of five probiotic lactobacilli (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2) and two bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Bifidobacterium longum 46) against six target pathogens was estimated using different assays (solid and liquid media, anaerobic and microaerobic cultivation) and ranked (low, intermediate and high). Bacterial fermentation products were determined by gas chromatography, and the total anti-oxidative activity of probiotics was measured using linolenic acid test. Pyelonephritic Escherichia coli was highly suppressed by GG and both bifidobacteria strains. Lactobacilli strains 8700:2, 299v and ME-3 were the most effective against Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica in microaerobic while ME-3 and both bifidobacteria expressed high activity against Shigella sonnei in anaerobic milieu. Lact. paracasei, Lact. rhamnosus and Lact. plantarum strains showed intermediate antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori under microaerobic conditions on solid media. The highest anti-oxidative activity was characteristic for Lact. fermentum ME-3 (P < 0.05). No efficient antagonist against Clostridium difficile was found. The positive correlations between the pH, lactic acid production and anti-microbial activity for all tested probiotics were assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Developed experimental assays enable to compare the anti-microbial and -oxidative activity of Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium probiotics, which have been claimed to possess the ability of suppressing the growth of various enteric and urinary pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Screening Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium sp. strains according to their activity in various environmental conditions could precede the clinical efficacy studies for adjunct treatment with probiotics in cure of different gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.