影响舟山群岛蛙类物种多样性的主要因素分析

分析了面积、海拔高度、离物种源的最小距离、岛屿形状和人类活动对舟山群岛蛙类物种多样性的影响。结果显示,物种多样性与岛屿面积和最高海拔明显相关。但物种多样性与离物种源的最小距离没有显著相关性,这说明岛屿形成后蛙类在岛屿间（或岛屿和大陆间）很少发生迁移和再定居,物种数处于“非平衡”状态。岛屿形状不影响物种多样性。人类活动对物种多样性影响较小,原因是舟山群岛没有专一性的林栖种类,除淡肩角蟾外,其余种类均能生活于农田栖息地。我们认为,岛屿面积是舟山群岛蛙类物种多样性的主要决定因素和最佳预测者。     

福建平潭无居民岛屿空间特征对植物多样性的影响

为了明确岛屿空间特征对植物物种多样性的影响,该研究应用样线法和样方法对福建省平潭主岛周边19座无居民海岛进行植被调查,统计分析每座岛屿的物种丰富度和典型植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数;采用多种函数对种-面积关系进行拟合,并利用冗余分析影响岛屿典型植物群落物种多样性的空间因素,以探究岛屿植物物种多样性的形成与维持机制。结果表明：(1)平潭主岛周边19座无居民岛屿中有12座岛屿以典型的岛屿森林群落为主,有2座岛屿以灌草丛为主且缺乏乔木层,有5座岛屿只有草丛覆盖。(2)19座岛屿的植物物种丰富度均随岛屿面积的增加而增加,当岛屿面积增加到7.184 hm²时,物种数量增加的速率减慢。(3)岛屿的面积、周长、周长面积比、近岸距离是影响物种多样性的主要空间特征,其中岛屿的面积、周长越大,周长面积比、近岸距离越小,岛屿的物种丰富度越高。(4)在岛屿典型植物群落中,乔木层的物种多样性主要受岛屿面积、周长、周长面积比的影响,而灌、草层的物种多样性主要受近岸距离的影响。研究认为,岛屿面积达...     

岛屿面积与气候共同影响舟山群岛种子植物丰富度格局

岛屿因具有明确的地理边界,是检验多个生态学过程如何构建生物多样性的理想平台之一。岛屿属性、气候因素、人类干扰等通过影响物种选择、扩散等过程,进而影响着岛屿生物多样性格局。目前对于岛屿植物丰富度格局如何受这些因素的共同作用的认识仍不充分,尤其是在人类干扰较强的海岛。本文基于我国第一大群岛舟山群岛92个岛屿较完整的种子植物分布数据,采用一般线性回归和广义线性模型(伪泊松分布)定量评估岛屿属性(面积、隔离度、形状指数)、气候(温度、降水及其季节性)和人类干扰对本土植物总丰富度及不同生长型、叶物候型植物丰富度格局的影响,采用beta回归分析常绿阔叶木本比率(常绿阔叶木本植物丰富度/所有阔叶木本植物丰富度)的影响因素。结果发现:92个岛屿共记录本土植物1,158种,其中乔木108种、灌木318种、草本732种;岛屿面积是对植物总丰富度影响最大的因子,其次是年降水量和隔离度;乔木丰富度随隔离度增加而减少的趋势比灌木和草本更明显;常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶木本植物丰富度格局与总体基本一致,年降水量对常绿阔叶木本的影响大于落叶阔叶木本,但常绿阔叶木本比率仅受温度季节性的强烈影响。岛屿面积、年降水量、温度季节性...     

影响舟册群岛蛙类物种多样性的主要因素分析

分析了面积,海拔高度,离物种源的最小距离,岛屿形状和人类活动对舟山群岛蛙类物种多样性的影响。结果显示,物种多样性与岛屿面积和最高海拔明显相关。但物种多样性与离物种源的最小距离没有显著相关性。这说明钫屿形成后蛙类与岛屿间很少发生迁移和再定居,物种数处于“非平衡”状态。     

温州沿海小型海岛植物丰富度和β多样性及其影响因子

于2012-2015年调查了温州沿海20个小型无居民海岛的植物组成,共记录到维管束植物366种,隶属于95科244属,其中草本植物226种木本植物140种。拟合了5个种-面积关系模型,采用赤池信息量AIC对模型进行选择,发现种-面积-生境类型关系模型SAH_nR权重系数最大,为40.26%,两种断点回归种-面积关系模型BR-SAR权重系数分别仅为6.94%和0.43%,表明基于这20个海岛拟合的种-面积关系不存在小岛屿效应。岛屿植物物种丰富度主要受面积A影响,离大陆距离,I_m对丰富度无显著作用;偏相关分析表明除A外,周长/面积比PAR和岛屿生境多样性指数H_d显著影响了植物丰富度,其逐步回归方程分别为:植物总丰富度S=76.714+1.696A-0.046PAR,R~2=0.839;木本植物丰富度S_(-woody)=6.525+0.455A+24.544H_d,R~2=0.697;草本植物丰富度S_(-herbaceous)=66.899+1.285A-0.04PAR-23.434H_d,R~2=0.865。偏最小二乘回归PLS分析中岛屿空间特征参数对岛屿物种相似性指数重要性排序为:I_m(0.61)I_i(0.56)PAR(0.49)A(0.20)岸线长度Per(0.14)生境类型H(0.072)岛屿高程E(0.065)岛屿形状指数SI(0.05)。由此可见,近岸的小型海岛植物丰富度并不总是由岛屿面积来决定;隔离度对岛屿植物β多样性影响较大。     

生境片段化对千岛湖地表甲虫物种多样性的影响

在千岛湖片段化景观中选取20个陆桥岛屿和8个大陆样点,从2012年7月到2014年4月,按季度(春、夏、秋季)6次采用巴氏陷阱法收集地表甲虫,分析其物种多度、组成、多样性和季节动态,以及不同岛屿上的地表甲虫的物种多样性与岛屿面积和隔离度等岛屿空间特征的关系.结果表明: 共收集记录到地表甲虫26科101种3370头.大陆和大岛地表甲虫的物种丰富度有显著差异,且小岛地表甲虫密度显著高于大陆;大陆地表甲虫的物种组成变化较大,而岛屿上分布的地表甲虫的物种组成则变化较小.地表甲虫的物种丰富度与岛屿面积呈显著正相关,密度与隔离度呈显著正相关.夏季岛屿上地表甲虫物种丰富度高于春秋两季,岛屿与大陆样地的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在夏季最高、秋季最低.     

千岛湖岛屿小型兽类群落的多样性

2007 年秋季和2008 年春季,选取千岛湖地区14 个岛屿和2 个半岛作为样地,采用夹夜法进行小型兽类群落组成调查。两季度共布夹20 400 个,捕获小型兽类1 141 只,隶属2 目3 科9 属13 种,啮齿目(Rodentia)鼠科(Muridae)10 种和仓鼠科(Cricetidae)1 种,食虫目(Insectivora)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)2 种。利用以上结果分析其群落多样性,结果显示:14 个岛屿小型兽类群落春、秋两季的多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均呈现极显著差异且优势种发生变化;对可能影响岛屿小型兽类群落多样性的岛屿面积、距最近陆地距离、距最近大岛距离和植物丰富度等因素进行逐步回归分析,发现只有植物丰富度对小型兽类群落的物种丰富度有显著影响;对16 个样地按照物种组成比进行聚类,许源半岛样地与14 个岛屿聚为一类,姚家半岛样地单独归为一类,相似性指数比较结果亦显示姚家半岛样地与其它样地的相似性指数偏低。结论:景观破碎化导致千岛湖岛屿小型兽类群落的稳定性下降,物种多样性季节变化强烈;随岛屿面积的增加,小型兽类物种丰富度并非总是增加的,而是出现反复,呈现明显的小岛效应;14 个岛屿的物种与许源半岛样地物种构成比接近,推断在水库未形成前属同一生境。     

园林鸟类群落的岛屿性格局

岛屿群落由于受岛屿栖息地特征结构的影响而产生一系列特殊的格局。通过对杭州市园林鸟类群落的研究,分析了园林鸟类群落的物种数、组成和多度与园林岛屿性状的关系,从而确定了园林鸟类群落存在如下与园林的岛屿性状有关的格局:(1)在物种数方面,在相同的取样面积下,园林的物种数随园林面积的增大而减少;(2 )在群落组成上,园林鸟类群落呈现出不完全的嵌套格局,分布于物种数较少的园林中的物种多数也分布在物种数较多的园林中;(3)在物种多度方面,园林鸟类的总密度随面积的增大而减少,园林鸟类多度的均匀度随着面积的增大而提高。群落的岛屿性格局反映了栖息地的岛屿化对群落的影响,总称之为群落的岛屿效应。通过比较全年、繁殖季节、越冬季节和迁徙季节群落岛屿性格局的显著性,分析群落的稳定性与群落岛屿效应之间的关系,认为两者之间没有必然的联系,相对非稳定的群落也可导致显著岛屿效应     

三峡水库岛屿成岛前的植被特征与物种丰富度

三峡水库蓄水导致原有生境的岛屿化, 本文调查了三峡水库6个即将形成的岛屿蓄水前的植被特征, 并对这些岛屿上各类群落类型的物种丰富度进行了分析。共调查到群落类型28个, 其中草丛12个, 灌丛7个, 森林9个。研究结果表明, 绝大多数岛屿自然植被覆盖率低, 植被退化严重。主要表现为森林比重很小, 群落多样性低, 撂荒地上处于次生演替初始阶段的杂类草草丛占了相当大的比例。6个岛屿的植物种数分别为126、157、175、189、242、254; 其中森林群落的平均物种丰富度指数为42.19, 灌、草丛分别为15.96和17.89。杂类草草丛具有较高的丰富度指数, 而演替到较为稳定的退化草丛物种丰富度指数呈下降趋势。各类灌丛之间物种丰富度指数相差不大。在针阔混交林向阔叶林演替过程中, 物种丰富度指数表现为较大的波动性。由于自然植被被严重破坏, 岛屿上外来入侵种形成了较大的灾害。三峡库区即将形成的这些岛屿具有重要的研究价值, 建议选择一些岛屿建立保护区。     

滇中高原半湿润常绿阔叶林的岛屿化与物种多样性

森林破碎化(或岛屿化)是导致当前生物多样性丧失的重要成因之一。滇中地区地带性的半湿润常绿阔叶林(semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, SEBFs)具有显著的岛屿化特征。当前村寨周边面积大小、形状不一的“岛状”森林为研究破碎化的半湿润常绿阔叶林及其物种多样性特征提供了理想对象。本文通过植被遥感制图和群落样方调查,运用空间统计、物种多样性分析、群落排序及环境解释,探讨了滇中高原半湿润常绿阔叶林的岛屿化特征及其对群落物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)滇中高原现存半湿润常绿阔叶林仅占其潜在分布范围的1.5%,面积≥100 ha的林斑有92块,而面积<10 ha的林斑占斑块总数的54.6%和总面积的7.8%;该植被类型面积萎缩和破碎化严重;(2)99%的林斑到村寨的距离<3 km,距离村寨越远,林斑平均面积越大,但样方物种α多样性除均匀度外变化不显著;不同面积等级斑块中样方物种α多样性也仅物种丰富度有显著变化,面积超过100ha的大斑块有更高的物种丰富度;离村寨越近,样方群落物种组成简单化和同质化现象加强;(3)样方群落β多样性主要由物...     

Effect of island geological age on the arthropod species richness of Azorean pastures

Species richness of six pasture arthropod assemblages (total arthropod species, total herbivore species, sucking and chewing herbivores, total predatory species and spiders) were regressed against several geographical variables (area, distance from the nearest mainland, maximum elevation and geological age of the islands) of three Azorean islands (S. Maria, Terceira and Pico). The species were sampled by the fixed-quadrat size sampling method and the results obtained are consistent with the geological age hypothesis, i.e. the species richness of the six indigenous arthropod assemblages increases with the geological age of the islands, both at local and regional scales. Higher values of indigenous and endemic species richness were consistendy found on the older island (S. Maria), and the lowest values on the most recent island (Pico). Moreover, when considering the age of Faial (an older island probably once connected with Pico) as a estimate of the age of Pico, correlations between species richness and island age were improved, thereby strengthening the relationship. The older island (S. Maria) has more specialized herbivores and a greater proportion of herbivores in relation to predatory arthropods. Ecological and biogeographical studies in the Azores should take into account the effects of the time each island has been available for colonization and evolution.     

Habitat diversity associated to island size and environmental filtering control the species richness of rock‐savanna plants in neotropical inselbergs

Disentangling the multiple factors controlling species diversity is a major challenge in ecology. Island biogeography and environmental filtering are two influential theories emphasizing respectively island size and isolation, and the abiotic environment, as key drivers of species richness. However, few attempts have been made to quantify their relative importance and investigate their mechanistic basis. Here, we applied structural equation modelling, a powerful method allowing test of complex hypotheses involving multiple and indirect effects, on an island‐like system of 22 French Guianan neotropical inselbergs covered with rock‐savanna. We separated the effects of size (rock‐savanna area), isolation (density of surrounding inselbergs), environmental filtering (rainfall, altitude) and dispersal filtering (forest‐matrix openness) on the species richness of all plants and of various ecological groups (terrestrial versus epiphytic, small‐scale versus large‐scale dispersal species). We showed that the species richness of all plants and terrestrial species was mainly explained by the size of rock‐savanna vegetation patches, with increasing richness associated with higher rock‐savanna area, while inselberg isolation and forest‐matrix openness had no measurable effect. This size effect was mediated by an increase in terrestrial‐habitat diversity, even after accounting for increased sampling effort. The richness of epiphytic species was mainly explained by environmental filtering, with a positive effect of rainfall and altitude, but also by a positive size effect mediated by enhanced woody‐plant species richness. Inselberg size and environmental filtering both explained the richness of small‐scale and large‐scale dispersal species, but these ecological groups responded in opposite directions to altitude and rainfall, that is positively for large‐scale and negatively for small‐scale dispersal species. Our study revealed both habitat diversity associated with island size and environmental filtering as major drivers of neotropical inselberg plant diversity and showed the importance of plant species growth form and dispersal ability to explain the relative importance of each driver.     

Species richness and structure of ant communities in a dynamic archipelago: effects of island area and age

Aim To assess how ant species richness and structure of ant communities are influenced by island age (disturbance history) in a dynamic archipelago. Location Cabra Corral dam, Salta Province, north‐west Argentina (25°08′ S, 65°20′ W). Methods Ant species richness on remaining fragments (islands) of a flooded forest was determined, as well as island area, isolation and age. Simple linear regressions were performed to assess relationships between ant species richness and those insular variables. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the relative influence of each insular variable on ant species richness. Islands were categorized in two age classes (old and young) and co‐occurrence analyses were applied within each class to evaluate changes in community structure because of interspecific competition. Results Simple regression analyses indicated a moderate, positive effect of island area on ant species richness. Weak, marginally non‐significant relationships were found between ant species richness and both island isolation and island age, showing the tendency for there to be a decrease in ant species richness with island isolation and that ant species richness might be higher in old islands. The multiple regression analysis indicated that island isolation and age had no significant effects on the number of ant species, island area being the only independent variable retained in the analysis. On the contrary, whereas a random pattern of species co‐occurrence was found on young islands, ant communities in old islands showed a significantly negative pattern of species co‐occurrence, suggesting that the effect of competition on community structure was stronger on older islands than on younger islands. Main conclusions Island area was the most important variable explaining ant species richness on the islands of Cabra Corral dam. However, both island isolation and island age (or disturbance history) might also contribute to shape the observed community patterns. The present study also shows that island age significantly affects the strength with which interspecific interactions structure ant communities on islands.     

Richness and composition of plants and birds on land‐bridge islands: effects of island attributes and differential responses of species groups

Aim To test relationships between the richness and composition of vascular plants and birds and attributes of habitat fragments using a model land‐bridge island system, and to investigate whether the effects of fragmentation differ depending on species natural history traits. Location Thousand Island Lake, China. Methods We compiled presence/absence data of vascular plant and bird species through exhaustive surveys of 41 islands. Plant species were assigned to two categories: shade‐intolerant and shade‐tolerant species; bird species were assigned to three categories: edge, interior, and generalist species. We analysed the relationships between island attributes (area, isolation, elevation, shape complexity, and perimeter to area ratio) and species richness using generalized linear models (GLMs). We also investigated patterns of composition in relation to island attributes using ordination (redundancy analysis). Results We found that island area explained a high degree of variation in the species richness of all species groups. The slope of the species–area relationship (z) was 0.16 for all plant species and 0.11 for all bird species. The lowest z‐value was for generalist birds (0.04). The species richness of the three plant species groups was associated with island area per se, while that of all, generalist, and interior birds was explained mainly by elevation, and that of edge bird species was associated primarily with island shape. Patterns of species composition were most strongly related to elevation, island shape complexity, and perimeter to area ratio rather than to island area per se. Species richness had no significant relationship with isolation, but species composition did. We also found differential responses among the species groups to changes in island attributes. Main conclusions Within the Thousand Island Lake system, the effects of fragmentation on both bird and plant species appear to be scale‐dependent and taxon‐specific. The number of plant species occurring on an island is strongly correlated with island area, and the richness of birds and the species composition of plants and birds are associated with variables related to habitat heterogeneity. We conclude that the effects of fragmentation on species diversity and composition depend not only on the degree of habitat loss but also on the specific patterns of habitat fragmentation.     

环境因子对湖泊岛屿苔藓植物分布和物种组成的影响

苔藓植物对环境有很强的敏感性,且具有广泛的适应性和强大的繁殖能力,在生态环境监测和生态恢复上具有重要作用。通过野外样地调查方法,回归分析和典范对应分析(CCA)探索了环境因子对物种分布和组成的影响,偏CCA计算了各环境因子对物种组成的总效应和净效应。结果表明:苔藓植物种类及物种组成相似性随着岛屿面积和岛屿海拔高度的增大而极显著的增大,随岛屿形状指数和岛屿离陆地最近距离的增大而显著的减小;8个环境因子共解释了物种组成变异的35.6%,其中基质、坡度、草本盖度、坡向、乔灌层郁闭度、人为干扰、空气湿度和海拔对物种组成的净效应达到显著水平(P0.05),但其作用强度依次减小;美灰藓Eurohypnum leptothallum是最优势种,受环境因素小,它在其发生的77.7%取样样方中盖度达到19.2%。     

千岛湖陆桥岛屿地表蚂蚁群落物种多样性空间格局及其影响因素

为了探讨千岛湖岛屿景观参数对地表蚂蚁群落物种α和β多样性空间格局的影响, 作者分别于2017和2018年的5-8月, 采用陷阱法、凋落物分拣法和手捡法调查了千岛湖33个岛屿上的地表蚂蚁群落, 并依据食性将其划分为捕食性蚂蚁和杂食性蚂蚁。利用回归模型分析了全部蚂蚁、捕食性蚂蚁和杂食性蚂蚁群落α和β多样性与岛屿景观参数的关系。结果表明, 岛屿面积对全部蚂蚁、捕食性蚂蚁和杂食性蚂蚁的物种丰富度均有显著的正向影响, 而隔离度则无显著作用。蚂蚁群落的β多样性由空间周转组分主导。岛屿面积差对全部蚂蚁、捕食性蚂蚁和杂食性蚂蚁群落β多样性的嵌套组分有正向影响, 隔离度差只对杂食性蚂蚁的总体β多样性有正向影响。因此, 岛屿面积是影响千岛湖地表蚂蚁群落物种丰富度的主要因素, 并且岛屿面积通过嵌套组分来影响蚂蚁群落的β多样性, 表现出选择性灭绝过程。此外, 不同食性蚂蚁可能因为扩散能力的差异对岛屿景观参数产生不同的响应。     

Diversity and conservation of forest-floor arthropods on a small Seychelles island

Cousine Island, Seychelles, is of major conservation significance as it is in a biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, it is relatively pristine, and is apparently the only tropical island over 20 ha with no alien invasive mammals. This study focuses on the island's log and litter arthropods, which were sampled by extraction methods from the dominant species, Pisonia grandis, Ficus spp. and Cocos nucifera. Stage of decomposition, and forest type in which the logs occurred, both significantly influenced the composition and structure of the arthropod assemblages. Young logs were significantly richer in species than older logs, possibly because they had the most resources and microhabitats. There were some significant changes in arthropod species richness, composition and abundance between species of young logs, but not old ones, because as logs decomposed, arthropod assemblages converged. Nevertheless, each old log species had some arthropod species not present in other log species, which has important implications for conservation. Arthropod assemblages in woody litter varied according to the forest type in which they occurred, and were different from those in logs in the same forest type. Cousine Island arthropod species richness, both in logs and litter, was comparable to figures from other tropical areas. As the logs, especially P. grandis, are home to many Seychelles endemic species, their conservation is essential. Furthermore, as the arthropods are also the main food of certain threatened Seychelles vertebrates, their conservation also underpins a food chain on this unique tropical island.     

Landscape structure and land use history influence changes in island plant composition after 100 years

Aim We investigated how current and historical land use and landscape structure affect species richness and the processes of extinction, immigration and species turnover. Location The northern part of the Stockholm archipelago, Baltic Sea, Sweden. We resurveyed 27 islands ranging from 0.3 to 33 ha in area. Methods We compared current plant survey data, cadastral maps and aerial photographs with records obtained from a survey in 1908, using databases and a digital elevation model to examine changes in plant community dynamics in space and time. We examined the effects of local and landscape structure and land use changes on plant species dynamics by using stepwise regression in relation to eight local and three landscape variables. The eight local variables were area, relative age, shape, soil heterogeneity, bedrock ratio, number of houses, forest cover change, and grazing 100 years ago. The three landscape variables were distance to mainland, distance to closest island with a farm 100 years ago, and structural connectivity. Hanski’s connectivity measure was modified to incorporate both connectivity and fragmentation. Results The investigated islands have undergone drastic changes, with increasing forest cover, habitation, and abandonment of grassland management. Although the total species richness increased by 31% and mean island area by 23%, we found no significant increase in species richness per unit area. Local variables explain past species richness (100 years ago), whereas both local and landscape variables explain current species richness, extinctions, immigrations and species turnover. Grazing that occurred 100 years ago still influences species richness, even though grazing management was abandoned several decades ago. The evidence clearly shows an increase in nitrophilous plant species, particularly among immigrant species. Main conclusions This study highlights the importance of including land use history when interpreting current patterns of species richness. Furthermore, local environment and landscape patterns affect important ecological processes such as immigration, extinction and species turnover, and hence should be included when assessing the impact of habitat fragmentation and land use change. We suggest that our modified structural connectivity measure can be applied to other types of landscapes to investigate the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss.     

Terrestrial bird community patterns on the coralline islands of the Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea, Eritrea

Aim This study aims to explain the patterns of species richness and nestedness of a terrestrial bird community in a poorly studied region. Location Twenty‐six islands in the Dahlak Archipelago, Southern Red Sea, Eritrea. Methods The islands and five mainland areas were censused in summer 1999 and winter 2001. To study the importance of island size, isolation from the mainland and inter‐island distance, I used constrained null models for the nestedness temperature calculator and a cluster analysis. Results Species richness depended on island area and isolation from the mainland. Nestedness was detected, even when passive sampling was accounted for. The nested rank of islands was correlated with area and species richness, but not with isolation. Idiosyncrasies appeared among species‐poor and species‐rich islands, and among common and rare species. Cluster analysis showed differences among species‐rich islands, close similarity among species‐poor and idiosyncratic islands, and that the compositional similarity among islands decreased with increasing inter‐island distance. Thus, faunas of species‐poor, smaller islands were more likely to be subsets of faunas of species‐rich, larger islands if the distance between the islands was short. Main conclusions Species richness and nestedness were related to island area, and nestedness also to inter‐island distances but not to isolation from the mainland. Thus, nestedness and species richness are not affected in the same way by area and distance. Moreover, idiosyncrasies may have been the outcome of species distributions among islands being influenced also by non‐nested distributions of habitats, inter–specific interactions, and differences in species distributions across the mainland. Idiosyncrasies in nested patterns may be as important as the nested pattern itself for conservation – and conservation strategies based on nestedness and strong area effects (e.g. protection of only larger islands) may fail to preserve idiosyncratic species/habitats.     

Biogeographical determinants for total and endemic species richness in a continental archipelago

We examined the relationship between plant species richness and biogeographical variables (island area, island maximum elevation, distance from nearest inhabited island, distance from nearest mainland) using a data set comprising 201 islands of the Aegean archipelago. We found that endemic species richness was strongly correlated to total species richness. Single-island endemic species richness was most strongly correlated to island maximum elevation, and then to island area, with an apparent small island effect for islands smaller than 47 km². Total species richness was most strongly correlated to island area (with no apparent small island effect), and less strongly correlated to island maximum elevation. Distance from the mainland or other inhabited islands displayed limited predictive value in our data set. The slope of the relationship between species richness and geographical factors (island area, elevation, distance from island/mainland) was steeper for endemic species richness than for total richness. Finally, the different scales of endemicity (single-island endemics, island group endemics and Aegean regional endemics) displayed similar qualitative trends and only differed quantitatively. Thus, we conclude that different biogeographical factors act as drivers for total species richness than for endemic species richness.