腹部超声检查对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的临床应用价值研究

目的:探究腹部超声检查对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的临床应用价值。方法:选取2009年1月-2016年12月我院收治116例患有NEC的新生儿作为本次研究的对象,依据修正Bell-NEC分级标准将之分为确诊组(n=50)和疑似组(n=66),再依据临床转归分为手术组(n=37)和内科治愈组(n=79),对比确诊组和疑似组的腹部超声与X线检查结果,以及内科治愈组和手术组的腹部超声与X线检查结果。结果:在确诊组和疑似组中,腹部超声对肠壁积气、门静脉积气的检出率均高于X线摄片(P0.05)。腹部超声还发现了肠道蠕动缓慢、肠道蠕动消失和腹腔积液;内科治愈组腹部超声对肠壁增厚、肠管扩张和腹腔积液的检出率低于手术组(P0.05);内科治愈组X线摄片对肠管扩张的检出率低于手术组(P0.05)。结论:腹部超声能够提高NEC的检出率,且对NEC的临床转归有较好的预测作用。     

CT平扫对肠坏死诊断价值

目的:探讨CT平扫对肠坏死诊断价值,总结肠管坏死征象。方法:分析98例可疑肠坏死患者CT平扫图像,所有患者均经手术证实或未能及时治疗死亡患者CT平扫影像,总结、分析影像特点。结果:全部患者中40例患者存在肠坏死,肠壁厚度改变,包括29例肠壁增厚,8例肠壁菲薄,5例表现为肠壁密度减低,3例表现为肠壁密度增加,25例表现肠管扩张,8例表现肠管塌陷,36例肠管内积液,其中34例见气液平面,4例仅见积气,5例肠壁内见气泡影,38例见腹腔积液,10例见系膜水肿,2例见肠系膜血管密度增高,1例肠系膜静脉内气体,1例门静脉内气体,5例见腹腔游离气体。结论:多排螺旋CT平扫对肠坏死部位及范围的评价有较高的价值,同时CT平扫能明确病因,为及早治疗打下良好基础。     

儿童腺样体肥大的X 线表现

总结儿童腺样体肥大的X线表现。在本组1263例腺样体肥大中：男女比例1．45：1,均摄鼻咽侧位平片。采用A/N比值阅片;其中打鼾78%,张口呼吸2%,鼻塞8%,反复咽痛1%,中耳炎4%,扁桃体Ⅰ～Ⅱ°肿大6%;4～10岁的发病率较高,约占总数的58．9%。本组A/N比值：0．50～0．60者173例(13．7%),0．61～0．70者644例(51．0%),0．71者446例(35．3%)。A/N比值≤0．60属正常范围,0．61～0．70为中度肥大,≥0．71为病理性肥大。摄吸气期的鼻咽侧位平片是观察腺样体肥大的简单而准确的方法,同时测定A/N比值用以观察腺样体的厚度,腺样体肥大者的X线表现为：鼻咽侧位平片可见后壁软组织突出影使气管呈弧形压迹,压迹表面光滑,压迹范围小,周围骨组织无破坏,软组织突出影密度均匀一致。还需与咽后壁脓肿、咽部肿瘤等疾病鉴别。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT MRI表现

目的 :旨在评估强直性脊柱炎 (AS)患者骶髂关节炎的MR影像学特征。并比较X线平片、CT和MR影像在诊断骶髂关节炎中的作用。方法 :搜集 1 2例AS患者 ,分别行X线平片、CT和MR检查。增强前MR扫描序列包括SET1 W1 、FSET2 WI和梯度回波的准T2 (GRT2 WI)。增强后MR扫描序列参数与增强前SET2 WI相同。另选 9例志愿者 ,行MR平扫检查。结果 :8例志愿者 1 6个骶髂关节的T1 WI和T2 WI可直接显示正常骶髂关节软骨表现为线形或点样的中等信号影。 9例志愿者 1 1个骶髂关节的骨髓内可见局灶性脂肪沉积。 1 2例AS患者 2 1个骶髂关节可见软骨异常 ,表现为T1 WI和T2 WI上正常线形中等信号的软骨影像消失代之以不规则增粗或扭曲样中等信号。患者组CT表现为Ⅱ～Ⅳ级骶髂关节炎 ,即关节软骨下骨板硬化 ,侵蚀囊变 ,关节间隙宽窄不均或部分强直 ,韧带部受累。分析表明 :在骶髂关节炎的诊断方面 ,MR和CT明显优于X线平片 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :同X线片比较虽CT和MRI均有助于AS骶髂关节炎的诊断 ,但MR影像可显示CT和X线所不能显示的软骨异常和骨髓内水肿改变 ;骨髓内脂肪沉积可属正常变异 ,扭曲样中等强度信号应视为软骨的异常征象。     

MDCT小肠造影受检者体位的优选

目的评价多层螺旋CT小肠造影最佳体位选择。方法 60例受检者口服对比剂充盈胃和小肠,随机分为2组:35例采取俯卧位,25例采取仰卧位。患者在60分钟内分4次口服总量2000ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,行256-多层螺旋CT小肠造影(MDCTE),平扫结束后行增强扫描,通过横断面及多平面重建,测量肠腔宽度、肠壁厚度,对各组测量及评价结果进行统计学分析。结果在肠腔宽度、肠壁厚度方面,者二组无明显差异;49例小肠充盈程度为满意-较满意的受检者,俯卧位明显优于仰卧位;肠管分布、显示病变等方面,俯卧位也优于仰卧位。结论小肠MDCT造影行俯卧位检查更有助于小肠疾病的临床诊断。     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:分析腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤的X线平片及MRI表现,其中10例行X线平片检查,8例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果:X线平片显示局部稍高密度软组织肿块影,邻近骨质未见明显异常或轻度侵蚀破坏。MRI表现为相应部位软组织肿块影,T1WI多呈较低信号,内可见条片状更低信号影,增强后强化明显;T2WI呈高低混杂信号影;病灶与邻近肌腱关系密切,其中一例包绕指屈肌腱蔓状生长;局部骨皮质可受侵。结论:腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性。     

多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折的诊断价值及最佳复查时间研究

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折的诊断价值及最佳复查时间。方法:选取2017年7月到2018年7月期间在我院接受治疗的胸部外伤患者95例,在首次检查时均接受了X线平片和多排螺旋CT检查,比较首次检查时X线平片和多排螺旋CT的检出率,比较首次检查时X线平片和多排螺旋CT对不同类型骨折的诊断情况,比较各个时间段复查病例的肋骨骨折数与首次检查时的差异。结果:95例患者中最终86例确诊存在肋骨骨折,首次检查时多排螺旋CT的检出率为95.35%(82/86),高于X线平片的82.56%(71/86)(P0.05)。86例患者最终确定共存在骨折289处,首次检查时X线平片共检出246处,多排螺旋CT共检出274处,多排螺旋CT对线性骨折、凹陷性骨折的检出率高于X线平片(P0.05)。伤后11-20d、伤后41-50d、伤后51-60d的复查肋骨骨折数与首次检查肋骨骨折数比较无统计学差异(P0.05),伤后21-30d、伤后31-40d的复查肋骨骨折数高于首次检查肋骨骨折数(P0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折有较高的诊断价值,首次诊断时的检出率明显高于X线平片,伤后21-40d这个时间段是进行复查的较佳时间段,可获得较好效果。     

多层螺旋CT检查与腹部X线平片对急性肠梗阻的诊断价值比较研究

目的:研究比较多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查与腹部X线平片对急性肠梗阻(AIO)的诊断价值。方法:选择2016年1月到2018年4月间在蚌埠医学院附属阜阳医院接受手术治疗的200例AIO患者作为研究对象,对所有患者先常规予以腹部X线平片诊断,12h后再通过MSCT为患者实施诊断,对比两种方法的诊断结果、诊断体验效果以及漏诊率和误诊率。结果:MSCT的肠梗阻检出率为94.50%,明显较腹部X线平片的69.00%更高(P0.05)。MSCT所诊断的肠梗阻中,梗阻类型为绞窄型及梗阻病因为肠肿瘤者均占100.00%,较腹部X线平片的36.21%和54.26%明显更高(P0.05)。MSCT的诊断舒适度评分、图像清晰度评分较腹部X线平片明显更高,而操作复杂度评分较腹部X线平片明显更低(P0.05)。MSCT的漏诊率、误诊率分别为4.00%、1.50%,较腹部X线平片的22.00%、9.00%明显降低(P0.05)。结论:对于AIO患者,MSCT较腹部X线平片具有更高的诊断价值,诊断体验效果更好,漏诊率和误诊率偏低。     

成人肠套叠的CT影像特征及其临床应用价值

目的：探讨成人肠套叠的CT影像特征及其临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术证实的42例成人肠套叠患者的CT和临床资料。结果：42例成人肠套叠CT均见肿块样改变,其中＂靶征＂27例（64%）例,＂肾形征＂18例（43%）,＂彗星尾征＂15例（36%）,＂腊肠征＂11例（26%）,＂双肠管征＂8例（19%）,＂胎儿征＂3例（7%）,近端肠管扩张30例（71%）,肠梗阻15例（36%）,肠壁增厚12例（29%）。42例肠套叠均为继发性,共42处原发病变,其中脂肪瘤、息肉各8例（19%）,腺癌6例（15%）,恶性淋巴瘤、梅克尔憩室各3例（7%）,间质瘤、血管瘤、神经纤维瘤、盲肠游离症、术后粘连各2例（5%）,粘液腺癌、恶性间皮瘤、错构瘤、胰腺导管异位各1例（2%）。套叠部位：小肠型肠套叠17例（41%）,回盲部型10例（24%）,回-结肠型9例（21%）,结肠型6例（14%）。结论：成人肠套叠的CT表现具有特征性,对其诊断、原发病的确定和手术治疗均具有重要的参考价值。     

常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体原因分析及技术改进

目的：探讨常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体的原因及技术改进。方法：15例疑有气腹但腹部立位平片阴性者加拍胸部正位片,观察有无膈下游离气体。结果：15例中12例胸片可显示膈下少量游离气体。结论：X线投照中心线位置不同会影响膈下游离气体的显示,胸片较腹部立位平片更容易显示少量气腹。     

非闭塞性肠系膜缺血致肠坏死的临床分析(附11例报道)

目的:探讨非闭塞性肠系膜缺血所致肠坏死的临床表现和结局。方法:回顾性总结青岛大学附属医院11例非闭塞性肠系膜缺血所致肠坏死的病例,评估分析其临床表现、实验室检查、腹部CT影像和手术过程。结果:所有病人均在全麻下行剖腹探查术,实施肠管切除术并一期吻合术或肠造口术,7例病人恢复良好,2例住院期间死亡,2例放弃治疗回家后死亡。结论:非闭塞性肠系膜缺血临床罕见,术前难以诊断,具有较高的病死率,血管造影可以作为NOMI早期诊断及治疗的有效手段,对于怀疑有肠坏死发生的患者需及早行手术治疗。     

Gas in the Portal Vein: A Report of Two Cases

Gas in the portal venous system was detected on plain roentgenograms of the abdomen in two women aged 61 and 72 years, respectively. Both patients had intestinal necrosis, due in one instance to a small bowel volvulus around a mesenteric band, and in the second instance to occlusion of the celiac axis, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. In the first patient, the portal venous gas was detected before surgery, and in the second case the gas was observed at laparotomy and was visualized on radiographs of the abdomen taken shortly after death. Both patients died. Portal venous gas can be distinguished radiologically from air in the bile ducts by its characteristic slender branching gas pattern in the periphery of the liver substance. The presence of portal gas in the adult indicates intestinal necrosis in the majority of cases and should lead to early operative intervention.     

Gastroenteritis with Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Babies

Eleven premature babies developed necrotizing enterocolitis in an epidemic of gastroenteritis and salmonella infection. This occurred in one of two premature baby wards over a period of 10 weeks. All affected babies had severe gastroenteritis and six had salmonella infection. No cases of necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in the unaffected ward during the same period. All other possible factors which might have predisposed to necrotizing enterocolitis occurred with equal frequency in both wards.There seems little doubt that infection was the significant factor in the pathogenesis.     

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Clinical and Radiological Features

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an uncommon but dangerous disease in premature infants. Ten cases, seen over a three-year period at the Stanford University Medical Center, represented an incidence of 0.4 percent. The patients, six of whom died, derived from a general population, in contrast to the large series of patients reported in the literature in which the incidence was from 0.9 percent to 3.7 percent.^3-6The initial symptoms—rapid respiration, periodic breathing, lethargy and irritability—were identical to those which occurred in numerous infants who had respiratory disease. Subsequent symptoms (abdominal distension, in 100 percent; vomiting, 80 percent; apneic spells, 70 percent; jaundice, 70 percent; guaic-positive stools, 60 percent) were those of nonspecific acute abdominal disease.The radiologist first made the diagnosis in 90 percent of cases. Interstitial air in the wall of the gut and the retroperitoneum, and portal vein gas were the most diagnostic radiographic features. Barium contrast studies were not helpful, and in one case led to the erroneous diagnosis of small bowel volvulus.Plain abdominal radiographs must be taken of all premature infants with symptoms of nonspecific acute abdominal disease. If the radiographs are negative, but symptoms continue, they should be repeated at frequent intervals, for early diagnosis is critical to institution of proper therapy.     

Reversible decrease of portal venous flow in cirrhotic patients: a positive side effect of sorafenib

Portal hypertension, the most important complication with cirrhosis of the liver, is a serious disease. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor is validated in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Because angiogenesis is a pathological hallmark of portal hypertension, the goal of our study was to determine the effect of sorafenib on portal venous flow and portosystemic collateral circulation in patients receiving sorafenib therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Porto-collateral circulations were evaluated using a magnetic resonance technique prior sorafenib therapy, and at day 30. All patients under sorafenib therapy had a decrease in portal venous flow of at least 36%. In contrast, no specific change was observed in the azygos vein or the abdominal aorta. No portal venous flow modification was observed in the control group. Sorafenib is the first anti-angiogenic therapy to demonstrate a beneficial and reversible decrease of portal venous flow among cirrhotic patients.     

常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体原因分析及技术改进

目的：探讨常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体的原因及技术改进。方法：15例疑有气腹但腹部立位平片阴性者加拍胸部正位片,观察有无膈下游离气体。结果：15例中12例胸片可显示膈下少量游离气体。结论：X线投照中心线位置不同会影响膈下游离气体的显示,胸片较腹部立位平片更容易显示少量气腹。     

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: the relation of age at the time of onset to prognosis.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the predisposing factors, age at the time of onset and prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in 62 patients treated in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 5-year period (1974-78). Because of a peak frequency during the first week of life, the cases were divided into those of early-onset illness (appearing within the first week of life) and those of late-onset illness (appearing after this week). The main differences between the two groups were in the age at the time of the first enteric feeding (1.6 +/- 0.9 d v. 40 +/- 2.4 d [mean +/- one standard deviation]; P less than 0.001) and the interval between this feeding and the onset of symptoms (3.0 +/- 1.5 d v. 10.6 +/- 6.0 d; P less than 0.01). Furthermore, the early-onset illness was more severe, more often necessitating surgical intervention and carrying a higher mortality, than the late-onset illness. Thus, this study demonstrates that there are two forms of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, differing in time of appearance after birth as well as in severity and prognosis.     

Ischemic bowel disease

The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of 25 cases of ischemic bowel disease are presented. The majority of patients presented with the triad of abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. In 13 patients the diarrhea was associated with the passage of bright red blood per rectum. There were 10 cases of infarction, 11 of enterocolitis and 4 had resulted in stricture formation. In five cases of enterocolitis the lesion was transient; symptoms improved with conservative medical management and the radiologic findings returned to normal. Barium enema examination yielded abnormal findings in the majority of the cases in which it was performed. Plain films of the abdomen, however, were not helpful. The actual mortality in this group of patients was 44%, 80% in those with infarction of the bowel and 20% in the other two groups.