人胎盘谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的纯化和性质

将人胎盘组织粗匀浆经105000×g超速离心后,用S-已基谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖-6B亲和层析一步纯化法获得电泳纯的人胎盘GST(简称GST-π)。其比活性较粗匀浆高194.7倍,回收率为50％。再经DE_(52)交换柱进一步纯化,用KCl浓度梯度洗脱后为单一锐峰,等电聚集电泳呈一条带,等电点(pI)为4.60。GST-π经TSKgel-G3000SW柱高效液相层析,也为单一对称锐峰,测得其分子量为45.2kD;在SDS-PAGE电泳也为单一区带,测得其亚基单位的分子量为22.5kD。GST-π氨基酸组成分析可检出十六种氨基酸,其中以谷氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸及甘氨酸含量较高。 GST-π酶动力学研究证明GST-π以GST和CDNB为底物时km值分别为0.16mmol/L和0.55mmol/L,经测定表明,GST-π的最适作用pH值为7.5,在pH6.5—9的范围内较为稳定,体外GST-π在温度超过25℃对容易失活。以GST-π为抗原,得到兔抗人GST-π抗血清,其效价为1:32,与人肝GSTs不发生免疫交叉反应。     

黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体多糖分离纯化与含量测定

分离纯化黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体粗多糖,提高多糖含量,以进一步应用于工业化生产。采用DEAE-52纤维素层析柱分离纯化黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体多糖,依次用水、0.1 mol/L Na Cl、0.2 mol/L Na Cl、0.4 mol/L Na Cl、0.8 mol/L Na Cl进行洗脱;苯酚-硫酸法测定纯化后多糖含量,测定波长490nm,葡萄糖浓度与吸光度的回归方程为A=6.3137X+0.2156R2=0.9909。黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体水体粗多糖经DEAE-52纤维素层析柱分离纯化后,多糖含量达到99%以上。经过中试试验验证提取及分离纯化工艺适用于工业化生产。     

C型肉毒毒素的制备及类毒素保护力初探

将C型肉毒梭菌经适宜条件的产毒培养后纯化,并进行相关鉴定。制备的C型肉毒毒素用分段脱毒法脱毒,并进行类毒素保护力的初步研究。以不同蛋白含量C型肉毒类毒素免疫小鼠后攻毒,结果显示,蛋白含量为0.625μg的类毒素免疫2针或蛋白含量为1.25μg的类毒素免疫1针均可保护50LD50的C型肉毒毒素攻击。蛋白含量为5μg的C型肉毒类毒素与福氏不完全佐剂配制的抗原免疫小鼠3次所得抗血清的保护力(Anti LD50/ml)为4.3×104。说明用该纯化工艺制备的C型肉毒类毒素具有很好的免疫原性,作为抗原成分用于C型肉毒疫苗和C型肉毒抗毒素的研究和生产具有较好的应用潜力。     

用国产微孔玻璃珠初步纯化重组人尿激酶原

用国产微孔玻璃珠从CD-1工程细胞株培养上清中纯化尿激酶原,探索了微孔玻璃珠结合尿激酶原的条件和洗脱方法,比较了硫酸铵线性梯度洗脱或25％乙二醇脱尿激酶原活性蛋白的结果,最后确定洗脱条件为0.25mol/L Tris、1～2mol/L(NH_4)_2SO_4、pH9.3。经此一步纯化,尿激酶原比活性达到15329IU/mg,回收率为78％,还原条件下SDS-PAGE分析分子量为52×10~3的单链尿激酶原占74％。     

应用Vero细胞法测定重组减毒绿脓杆菌外毒素A的残余毒力

绿脓杆菌外毒素A(ETA)有ADP -核糖基转移酶的活性 ,在真核细胞中通过催化ADP -核糖基团从NAD+转移到EF 2 (延长因子 2 ) ,使蛋白质合成终止 ,致细胞死亡 ,其作用机制、机理与白喉毒素相同。本文应用Vero细胞法测定了绿脓杆菌外毒素A的毒性 ,发现Vero细胞对绿脓杆菌外毒素A的敏感度高达 3.0× 10 -5mg/ml,且精密度高 ,准确性好 ,是一种有效、可行的绿脓杆菌外毒素毒力的测定方法。对 3批经基因工程减毒后样品的残余毒力进行了测定 ,发现样品基本无细胞毒性 ,毒力比原毒素低 2× 10 15倍     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化培养基残基中虫草素

采用大孔吸附树脂分离纯化人工蛹虫草培养基残基中的虫草素,以HPLC法测定样品中虫草素含量,筛选出了适宜的大孔树脂NKA-II。研究了pH、洗脱剂乙醇体积分数等因素对该树脂吸附性能及解析性能的影响。结果表明,NKA-II型树脂纯化虫草素的最佳吸附条件为pH9,吸附流速2BV/h,该树脂对虫草素的吸附量可达到16.5mg/g。洗脱工艺条件为2.5倍树脂柱体积的50%乙醇,NKA-II大孔树脂对虫草素的解析率可达到95%以上。     

钙调素依赖性环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶的简易粗提法

<正> 钙调素依赖性环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(camodulindependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, CaM-PDE)是研究环核苷酸和钙调素酶法测定必备的工具。由于其稳定性较差,不能长期保存,需经常提取。传统提取方法采用冷室中线性离子梯度DEAE纤维素柱层析与其它层析并用。本法利用DE_(52)柱层析,阶段离子浓度洗脱。纯化CaM-PDE近20倍。在足够的钙调素(CAM)存在下可激活10倍。     

鱼源溶藻弧菌胞外产物的特性研究

溶藻弧菌经胰胨大豆胨琼脂培养基(TSA 2%NaCl)培养48h后,培养物用PBS洗脱、离心,再经孔径0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,制得胞外产物(Extracellular product,ECP)。经检测,该ECP具有淀粉酶、酪蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶和脂肪酶等4种酶活性,其中淀粉酶的活性最高,酪蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性次之,卵磷脂酶活性较低,未检测出明胶酶及脲酶活性;能溶解断斑石鲈(Pomadasys hasta)、眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)和赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)的红细胞,而不能溶解鸡、羊及O型人红细胞;对小白鼠和石斑鱼的LD50分别为0.08mg/g和0.17mg/g,95%可信限分别为0.06—0.12mg/g和0.07—0.28mg/g;50mmol/L EDTA和100mmol/L苯甲基磺酰氟能使胞外蛋白酶(Extracellular pro-teinase,ECPase)的活性分别下降83.40%和51.32%;ECPase对热稳定性较差,碱性条件下活性较高,其最适温度为50℃,最适pH为8.0。     

两步串联层析法纯化抗TNF-α单克隆抗体北大核心CSCD

旨在建立从重组CHO细胞发酵培养液中纯化抗TNF-α单克隆抗体的两步串联层析法。将含有抗TNF-α单克隆抗体的料液经两次离心、一步过滤的预处理后,用protein A填料捕获,阳离子填料Sourec30精细纯化。精细纯化过程中利用Do E的方法,采用CCF(Central composite face)设计,探讨了洗脱p H值及盐浓度对纯化的影响。纯化后的抗TNF-α单克隆抗体经HPLC以及毛细管电泳,检测其浓度、纯度以及多聚体含量。结果显示,亲和层析的最佳洗脱条件为p H4.0。通过DOE优化,为达到质量目标(回收率90%以上,纯度97%以上,多聚体0.3%),筛选出最佳洗脱范围为0.05-0.13 mol/L Na Cl以及p H5.7-6.0,选定p H6.0与0.10mol/L Na Cl作为Source洗脱条件,此时回收率94.3%,纯度97.3%,多聚体0.3%,其质量与参比制剂接近。     

复合益生菌制剂"海生元"急性毒性试验研究

目的 :观察复合益生菌制剂“海生元”(HSY)及其核心成分 益生菌 (M9、T9)经两种途径给药的急性毒性反应 ,评价其安全性。方法 :以健康小鼠为对象 ,将HSY、M9、T9三种受试物按i.p(腹腔注射 )和p .o(口服灌胃 )两种给药方式进行急毒试验。每种给药方法分 5个剂量组。i.p小鼠用Bliss法测得受试物的LD50 和 95 %可信限 ,p .o小鼠用安全限度试验测得受试物的最大耐受量。 结果 :1)i.p法测得各受试物LD50 和 95 %可信限 :M9为 898.31mg/ml(770 .18～ 92 5 .79) ;T9为 185 6 .95mg/ml(15 2 1.4 8～ 2 0 10 .36 ) ;HSY为 76 0 5 .2 3mg/ml(6 980 .5 2～ 830 4 .11)。 2 )p .o法测得各受试物最大耐受量及耐受倍数 :健康小鼠最大耐受量分别为M9>4 0 0 0mg/ml,T9>6 0 0 0mg/ml,HSY >15 0 0 0mg/ml;最大耐受量倍数 (即耐受成人每日用量的倍数 )分别为 133倍、2 0 0倍和 5 0 0倍。结论 :HSY、M9、T9口服给药均非常安全。三种受试物比较 ,又以HSY安全程度最高。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.