芜菁块要有汗对^60Co—γ致小鼠损伤的防护效应

用清洁及ICR小鼠为实验动物,探讨芜菁块根汁对^60Co-γ射线辐照 伤的防护和修复效应。测定血象、白细胞分类计数,脾指数、胸腺指数和小鼠PE的微核试验等方法。结果表明：辐照前给芜菁法组、辐照后给芜菁汁组和连续给芜菁汁组分别使小鼠体重、免疫器官指数、血象、PCE微核率等明显高于^60Co-γ辐照组,其中免疫器官指数、红细胞、白细胞和血小板、PCE微核率等数据与^60Co-γ辐照组的差异极为显（P＜0.001）。说明芜菁块根汁对小鼠机体造血和免疫系统受到电离辐射损伤时不仅具有明显的防护作用,而且对辐射损伤具有一定的修复作用。     

γ辐照与模拟微重力效应对大鼠终末分化PC12细胞损伤的研究

目的:通过研究γ60Co-射线辐照与模拟微重力效应对大鼠终末分化PC12细胞的损伤,分析空间环境对哺乳动物细胞的损伤。方法:利用大鼠终末分化PC12细胞为材料,通过检测地面对照组、γ~(60)Co-射线辐照组、模拟微重力效应对照组、γ~(60)Co-射线辐照复合模拟微重力效应组的微核率、微核细胞率及HPRT基因突变频率,分析模拟空间环境对哺乳动物细胞的损伤。结果:随着γ~(60)Co-射线辐照剂量的增加,微核率、微核细胞率及HPRT基因突变频率均增加,呈现比较良好的效应关系,而γ~(60)Co-射线辐照复合模拟微重力效应组各项指标均低于γ~(60)Co-射线辐照组。结论:γ~(60)Co-射线辐照及模拟微重力效应均能诱发大鼠终末分化PC12细胞染色体的损伤和HPRT基因的突变,而模拟微重力效应降低PC12细胞损伤的机制还有待进一步研究。     

空气负离子对自发和环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染性成红细胞微核率的影响

我们以前的研究表明负离子对~(60)Co-γ线诱发的急性和慢性损伤有明显的防护作用。本文以小鼠骨髓嗜多染性成红细胞(PCE)微核率为指标,探讨负离子对正常小鼠有无细胞毒性和对环磷酰胺(CP)诱发的遗传损伤有无防护作用。用负离子处理昆明小鼠60天后不注射CP直接取样;用负离子分别处理小鼠15天、30天和60天后注射CP,6小时后取样。镜检骨髓PCE微核并做统计处理。结果表明,负离子促进小鼠的生长发育且不导致潜在损伤;负离子对CP诱发的遗传损伤有明显的防护作用。     

唐古特大黄多糖组分1对急性电离辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的：探讨唐古特大黄多糖组分1（RTP1）对急性电离辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法：采用昆明种小鼠,随机分为5组：正常对照组（Normal Control,NC）、辐射对照组（Irradiation Control,IC）以及RTP1低剂量组（200 mg/kg）、中（400 mg/kg）和高剂量组（800 mg/kg）,采用灌胃给药方式,连续14 d,NC组和IC组则给予等量的生理盐水,第14 d除NC组外,各组小鼠均接受2.0 Gy/只60Coγ射线照射1次,照射后24 h,检测小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数,测定肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二酰二醛（MDA）水平以及小鼠外周血象和骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）微核数。结果：RTP1能够升高小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数,增加肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性,降低MDA水平,升高外周血中白细胞数并降低骨髓PCE微核数,与IC组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：RTP1对辐射所致的小鼠损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

紫外线对小白鼠免疫遗传的损伤效应

以ICR雄性小白鼠为实验动物,以紫外线为诱变剂,研究了紫外线对ICR小白鼠的免疫遗传的损伤效应。我们采用了小白鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(polychromatic erythrocyte,PCE)微核试验、小白鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变实验等方法。通过测定小白鼠血象、血红蛋白含量、胸腺及脾指数;小白鼠肝脏过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性;小白鼠PCE的微核率、染色体畸变率等指标。结果显示,实验照射时间及剂量的紫外线引起小白鼠胸腺指数以及脾指数明显下降,血红蛋白含量和CAT的含量也都明显下降。红细胞数、白细胞数以及血小板数也明显下降。PCE微核率以及骨髓细胞染色体畸变率均明显上升。结果说明紫外线对小白鼠的免疫系统以及遗传物质具有明显的损伤效应。     

地榆总皂苷对~(60)Co-γ射线所致骨髓抑制小鼠外周血象的保护作用及其机制

本文探讨地榆总皂苷(TSSO)对~(60)Co-γ射线所致骨髓抑制小鼠的药效及其分子机制。实验采用650 cGy~(60)Co-γ射线一次性全身照射诱导骨髓抑制小鼠模型,灌胃不同剂量TSSO(1、0.5、0.1 mg/kg),每天一次,共10d。分别于第4、7、10 d检测小鼠外周血WBC、RBC、HCT、PLT及PCT水平;次日测定肝、脾、胸腺指数,计数骨髓有核细胞数,并检测骨髓细胞中GM-CSF、IL-3、SCF及c-Kit mRNA表达。结果显示,TSSO能显著升高小鼠外周血WBC、RBC、HCT、PLT及PCT水平,提升小鼠骨髓有核细胞数目并提高骨髓细胞中GM-CSF、IL-3、SCF及c-Kit mRNA表达。提示TSSO对~(60)Co-γ射线所致骨髓抑制具有明显保护作用,其机制可能与提高GM-CSF、IL-3、SCF及c-Kit mRNA表达水平有关。     

~(60)Co-γ辐照对中国仓鼠卵巢成纤维细胞DNA和组蛋白合成的影响

本文介绍了~(60)Co-γ辐照对同步的和非同步的CHO细胞的DNA合成和组蛋白合成关系的影响的研究,用~3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷和~(14)C-丙氨酸双标记,未经辐照的和经4Gy～60Gy ~(60)Co-γ辐照的CHO细胞,通过~3H和~(14)C的参入来估价DNA和组蛋白的合成,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定辐照前后组蛋白各组分的变化情况,实验表明: 1)、在4～60Gy剂量范内,无论是同步的还是非同步的CHO细胞其DNA合成和组蛋白合成都受到不同程度的抑制。2)、在辐照后1—3小时,DNA合成和组蛋白合成都受到不同程度的抑制,但辐照后4小时,DNA合成被进一步抑制而组蛋白的合成却逐渐恢复正常,到辐照后48小时组蛋白的合成几乎接近对照水平。3)、16Gy ~(60)Co-γ辐照后8小时,非同步的CHO细胞的DNA合成被抑制的情况比G_1期CHO细胞更为严重。4)、16Gy ~(60)Co-γ辐照S期细胞,在辐照后1—24小时中DNA合成被明显抑制的同时,组蛋白的合成也受到相应的抑制。5)、从未经辐照的和经6、16和60Gy~(60)Co-γ辐照的CHO细胞分别提取全组蛋白,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,从电泳图谱的变化清楚地看到组蛋白H_1和H_3受辐照影响大于组蛋白H_4和H_(2B)+H_(2A),因此我们推测DNA合成和组蛋白H_1和H_3的关系较之组蛋白H_4和H_(2A)+H_(2B)更为密切。     

IL-12基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究白细胞介素-12(IL 12)基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略.将pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过MTT实验检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).因此,白细胞介素-12基因基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-12基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.     

骨碎补总黄酮对免疫低下模型小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文旨在研究骨碎补总黄酮(Rhizoma Drynariae Flavonoids,RDF)对环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的免疫低下模型小鼠免疫功能的影响。通过腹腔注射CTX建立免疫低下小鼠模型,全自动生化仪检测小鼠血中白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、淋巴细胞百分率(LYNPH%)计数,ELISA法检测血清IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应,流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+、CD8~+水平,RTPCR检测脾组织T-bet、GATA-3 mRNA的表达。并对免疫器官指数,吞噬细胞吞噬功能,脾脏乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性,血清溶血素水平和迟发型超敏反应等进行检测。结果显示,与模型组比较,RDF可明显提高小鼠的免疫器官指数,廓清指数K和吞噬指数α,WBC、RBC、HGB、LYNPH%,IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平,脾脏LDH和ACP活性,血清溶血素,耳肿胀度,CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比值和脾组织T-bet mRNA的表达(P0.05),而CD8~+T细胞数,GATA-3 mRNA的相对表达量明显降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,RDF能够提高CTX所致的免疫低下模型小鼠的非特异性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,对小鼠的免疫功能有正向调节作用。     

蚕豆根尖细胞不同剂量率的微核效应研究

本研究采用同一剂量、不同剂量率的~(60)Co-γ射线辐照蚕豆干种子,观察根尖细胞的微核效应。试验结果表明,在0—7.33戈瑞/分处理中,微核细胞率随剂量率的增加略有升高。然而,各处理间的差异显著性不同。此外,在2.03戈瑞/分处理中,能诱发各种类型的微核突变,尤其是出现较多的分裂期微核细胞。本文根据一些分裂期微核细胞所出现的染色体畸变类型,提出辐射诱发的微核既可能是一次击中的产物,也可能是二次击中的产物。同时,微核在细胞遗传工程方面具有可利用的价值。     

MiR-34a in age and tissue related radio-sensitivity and serum miR-34a as a novel indicator of radiation injury

MiR-34a, a direct target of p53, has shown to exert potent anti-proliferative effects. It has also been found that miR-34a can be induced by irradiation in vitro and in vivo. However, the relationship between miR-34a and radio-sensitivity, and its potential diagnostic significance in radiation biology, remain unclear. This study found that differing responses to ionizing radiation (IR) of young and adult mice were related to miR-34a. First, we found that miR-34a could be induced in many organs by radiation of both young and adult mice. However, the level of miR-34a induced by young mice was much higher when compared to adult mice. Next, we found that miR-34a played a critical role in radio-sensitivity variations of different tissues by enhancing cell apoptosis and decreasing cell viability. We also found that the induction of miR-34a by radiation was in a p53 dependent manner and that one possible downstream target of miR-34a that lead to different radio-sensitivity was the anti-apoptosis molecular Bcl-2. However, over-expression of miR-34a and knockdown of Bcl-2 could significantly enhance the radio-sensitivity of different cells while inhibition of miR-34a could protect cells from radiation injury. Finally, we concluded that miR-34a could be stable in serum after IR and serve as a novel indicator of radiation injury. Taken together, this data strongly suggests that miR-34a may be a novel indicator, mediator and target of radiation injury, radio-sensitivity and radioprotection.     

The antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing compounds

The antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations ("serpisten" and inokosterone) are studied under their application before or after the 22.6 cGy chronic low intensity gamma-irradiation of mice. It is shown that the antiradiation of these compounds depend on the dose of preparations and time of the application before or after irradiation of mice. "Serpisten" prevented the decrease of the growth of the body mass of irradiated mice. The normalization of the phospholipid composition of the mice liver and blood erythrocytes for the most investigated parameters revealed under the application of this compound at the dose of 50 mg/kg after the irradiation of animals. The capacity of "serpisten" to decompose of peroxides is shown in vitro. Inokosterone had the certain anabolic properties, caused the normalization of the total peroxidase activity of blood and intensity of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brain and in liver, and also the repair of the interrelation between the LPO intensity and catalase activity in the irradiated mice liver. The obtained results allow to conclude that the antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations under the chronic low intensity irradiation of animals at the low dose due to their capacity to depend on the LPO regulatory system parameters.     

转基因MSC对放射损伤胸腺组织修复的研究

目的：探讨转基因MSC能否修复放射损伤的胸腺。方法：雌性BALB/C小鼠120只,随机分为4组：对照组30只,予以假照射;照射组30只,60Coγ射线胸腺单次照射,剂量为9Gy;照射＋MSC组30只,9Gy照射后2小时输注转基因MSC;对照＋MSC组30只,假照射后2小时输注转基因MSC。照射后1、7、14、21、28天检测各组小鼠血像、胸腺指数及胸腺病理。结果：照射＋MSC组血像和胸腺指数在各个时间点均优于照射组,胸腺病理显示组织结构恢复明显加快。结论：转基因MSC能归巢至放射损伤胸腺并能促进胸腺的修复,为干细胞的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

扫帚菜-白菜轮作对白菜镉吸收的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验研究扫帚菜Kochia scoparia对土壤中镉(Cd)的富集效率,并利用盆栽试验将其与4个白菜品种进行轮作试验,验证扫帚菜对土壤Cd污染的修复效果。结果表明,扫帚菜各部位富集能力表现为叶>根>茎,富集系数分别为15.07、5.44和2.96;种植扫帚菜后土壤总Cd降低6.02%-13.60%;土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性也有所提高。盆栽轮作结果表明,扫帚菜-白菜轮作系统中白菜地上部Cd含量与未轮作的对照组相比平均降低17.21%,生物量有略微增加,地上部对Cd的转运系数无明显变化。结果显示,通过扫帚菜与白菜轮作不仅可以增加白菜产量,而且可以有效降低白菜可食部Cd含量,实现边生产边治理的绿色农业理念。     

Progenitors Mobilized by Gamma-Tocotrienol as an Effective Radiation Countermeasure

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of gamma-tocotrienol (GT3)-mobilized progenitors in mitigating damage to mice exposed to a supralethal dose of cobalt-60 gamma-radiation. CD2F1 mice were transfused 24 h post-irradiation with whole blood or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from donors that had received GT3 72 h prior to blood collection and recipient mice were monitored for 30 days. To understand the role of GT3-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mobilizing progenitors, donor mice were administered a neutralizing antibody specific to G-CSF or its isotype before blood collection. Bacterial translocation from gut to heart, spleen and liver of irradiated recipient mice was evaluated by bacterial culture on enriched and selective agar media. Endotoxin in serum samples also was measured. We also analyzed the colony-forming units in the spleens of irradiated mice. Our results demonstrate that whole blood or PBMC from GT3-administered mice mitigated radiation injury when administered 24 h post-irradiation. Furthermore, administration of a G-CSF antibody to GT3-injected mice abrogated the efficacy of blood or PBMC obtained from such donors. Additionally, GT3-mobilized PBMC inhibited the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the heart, spleen, and liver, and increased colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) numbers in irradiated mice. Our data suggests that GT3 induces G-CSF, which mobilizes progenitors and these progenitors mitigate radiation injury in recipient mice. This approach using mobilized progenitor cells from GT3-injected donors could be a potential treatment for humans exposed to high doses of radiation.     

Yield reduction in Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, and Sinapis alba caused by flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)) infestation in northern Idaho

Phyllotreta cruciferae is an important insect pest of spring-planted Brassica crops, especially during the seedling stage. To determine the effect of early season P. cruciferae infestation on seed yield, 10 genotypes from each of two canola species (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.) and two mustard species (Brassica juncea L. and Sinapis alba L.) were grown in 2 yr under three different P. cruciferae treatments: (1) no insecticide control; (2) foliar applications of endosulfan; and (3) carbofuran with seed at planting plus foliar application of carbaryl. Averaged over 10 genotypes, B. rapa showed most visible P. cruciferae injury and showed greatest yield reduction without insecticide application. Mustard species (S. alba and B. juncea) showed least visible injury and higher yield without insecticide compared with canola species (B. napus and B. rapa). Indeed, average seed yield of S. alba without insecticide was higher than either B. napus or B. rapa with most effective P. cruciferae control. Significant variation occurred within each species. A number of lines from B. napus, B. juncea, anid S. alba showed less feeding injury and yield reduction as a result of P. cruciferae infestation compared with other lines from the same species examined, thus having potential genetic background for developing resistant cultivars.     

Role of radiation-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in recovery from whole body gamma-irradiation

The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the radioprotective role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induced in response to irradiation. The induction of G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to radiation exposure was evaluated in mice. The level of cytokine in serum was determined by multiplex Luminex. The role of G-CSF on survival and tissue injury after total body gamma-irradiation was evaluated by administration of neutralizing antibody to G-CSF before radiation exposure. An isotype control was used for comparison and survival was monitored for 30 d after irradiation. Jejunum samples were used for immunohistochemistry. Ionizing radiation exposure induced significant levels of the hematopoietic cytokines G-CSF and IL-6, in mice receiving 9.2 Gy radiation. Maximal levels of G-CSF were observed in peripheral blood of mice 8h after irradiation. IL-6 levels were maximum at 12h after irradiation. Administration of G-CSF antibody significantly enhanced mortality in irradiated mice. G-CSF antibody-treated mice had higher numbers of CD68(+) cells and apoptotic cells in intestinal villi. Our results confirm that radiation exposure induces elevations of circulating G-CSF and IL-6. Neutralizing antibody to G-CSF exacerbates the deleterious effects of radiation, indicating that G-CSF induced in response to irradiation plays an important role in recovery.     

Development of a high density integrated reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project

We constructed a high-density Brassica rapa integrated linkage map by combining a reference genetic map of 78 doubled haploid lines derived from Chiifu-401-42?× Kenshin (CKDH) and a new map of 190 F2 lines derived from Chiifu-401-42?× rapid cycling B. rapa (CRF2). The integrated map contains 1017 markers and covers 1262.0 cM of the B. rapa genome, with an average interlocus distance of 1.24 cM. High similarity of marker order and position was observed among the linkage groups of the maps with few short-distance inversions. In total, 155 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, anchored to 102 new bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and 146 intron polymorphic (IP) markers were mapped in the integrated map, which would be helpful to align the sequenced BACs in the ongoing multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project (BrGSP). Further, comparison of the B. rapa consensus map with the 10 B. juncea A-genome linkage groups by using 98 common IP markers showed high-degree colinearity between the A-genome linkage groups, except for few markers showing inversion or translocation. Suggesting that chromosomes are highly conserved between these Brassica species, although they evolved independently after divergence. The sequence information coming out of BrGSP would be useful for B. juncea breeding. and the identified Arabidopsis chromosomal blocks and known quantitative trait loci (QTL) information of B. juncea could be applied to improve other Brassica crops including B. rapa.     

Live attenuated Salmonella carrying platelet factor 4 cDNAs as radioprotectors

To determine whether live attenuated Salmonella carrying platelet factor 4 cDNAs can protect mice from radiation damage, the attenuated Salmonella SL3261 was used as oral vector for targeted gene delivery. The recovery of mice receiving sublethal total-body irradiation (TBI) was investigated after the oral administration of attenuated Salmonella carrying cDNA for platelet factor 4 (PF4) or truncated PF4. This oral gene therapy protected mice from radiation damage after TBI. The number of bone marrow cells and high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFCs) increased significantly at day 7. Similarly, the administration of PF4 or PF4(17-70) protein also improved the survival of mice after TBI. Both PF4 gene therapy and protein administration accelerated hematopoietic recovery in vivo in mice after irradiation. In vitro, PF4 also promoted survival and proliferation of 5-fluorouracil-resistant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells after irradiation. These data demonstrate a novel biological function of PF4 as a protector against radiation injury and suggest that attenuated Salmonella could be used in vivo as a PF4 DNA delivery vector in the management of radiation injury.     

软枣猕猴桃总黄酮对V79细胞的辐射防护作用

目的:研究软枣猕猴桃总黄酮的辐射防护活性。方法:以V79细胞辐射损伤模型为体外验证模型,利用回流醇提法提取的软枣猕猴桃总黄酮于辐射前处理细胞,细胞经8 Gy60Coγ射线辐射后,用多功能酶标仪检测细胞的存活率,用流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧及细胞凋亡率的变化。结果:用50～200μg/mL的软枣猕猴桃总黄酮于辐射前给药细胞,进行24 h培育,能抑制细胞内因辐射引起的活性氧上升,从而提高细胞存活率。结论:软枣猕猴桃总黄酮能清除细胞内由辐射产生的活性氧,降低细胞凋亡率,达到保护V79细胞的效果。