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1.
Membrane proteins are modelled as cylinders with an elliptic cross-section in the plane of the membrane. The coefficient for rotational diffusion about the cylinder axis is calculated as a function of the axial ratio of the elliptic cross-section.  相似文献   

2.
表达重组别藻蓝蛋白质粒在工程菌株中的遗传稳定性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
将含有表达重组别藻蓝蛋白基因的重组质粒pMal-2X的工程菌株P1分别在含有Amp的LB固体培养基上采用划线法连续传代至100代,其生长速度(在LB培养基中)、菌落形态和抗生素抗性等方面与原始种子库无明显差异;取第10,20,50,100代提取质粒DNA经EcoRI限制性内切酶酶切检查,酶切图谱没有改变。DNA测序未见apc基因变异。原代菌株与传代第10,20,50和100代菌株经诱导培养,其rAPC表达水平、菌体蛋白的SDS—PAGE图谱及重组蛋白的免疫原性均无明显差异。以上结果表明,重组质粒pMal-2X在工程菌株P1中具有良好的遗传稳定性。  相似文献   

3.
本文通过传代的方法研究了鸡γ-干扰素基因的重组质粒pET-ChIFN-γ在工程菌CH1中的遗传稳定性.结果表明重纽质粒在没有筛选压力下存在质粒不稳定性,100代时质粒稳定性只有69%.适当的筛选压力可以显著降低质粒的遗传不稳定性,100代时稳定性提高到95%.各代重组菌株在生长性能、质粒酶切图谱、蛋白表达等方面均保持一致,未见明显差异.生物活性检测原代和100代均达到1.0×105 IU/mL以上.以上结果表明重组质粒pET-ChIFN-γ在工程菌株CH1中具有良好的遗传稳定性,其质粒遗传不稳定性可由适当的筛选压力来控制.  相似文献   

4.
    
The work and inspiration of Robert Rosen is stated and expressed in personal tones. The concept of passages through water (H2O) near protein surfaces is reviewed in terms of its influence on ligand diffusion to an effector. This is offered as a target for interference by a non-specific general anesthetic agent. In view of the similarities between this anesthetic state and sleep, this mechanism is proposed to be operative for the sleep/wake states. Based on this mechanism and other factors, nitrogen (N2) is proposed as an exogenous sleep factor.  相似文献   

5.
    
Summary Stability analysis on 7 parent varieties and all their possible crosses (excluding reciprocals) in generations F1 to F5 are reported. The regression coefficient (b) of the parents ranged from 0.66 (Sonalika) to 1.34 (Kalyansona). On the average the b value was lower in F3 (.87) and F2 (.88) followed by F1 (1.04), F4 (1.06) and F5 (1.16). Phenotypic stability appeared to be associated with genetic constitution of the parents as well as level of heterozygosity and heterogeneity of the populations. Distinct differences were observed in general combining ability values for regression coefficients among the parents, indicating transmissibility of this trait. However, no such trend was observed for deviation mean squares. The data on yield and stability parameters showed that high mean yield is not necessarily associated with average regression, indicating the possibility of combining high mean yield with high stability.  相似文献   

6.
绿色太阳鱼的生物学习性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对绿色太阳鱼(Lepomis cyanellus)的食性、生活习性、对环境的适应性、生长和繁殖特性进行了研究。绿色太阳鱼为温和肉食性鱼类。对温度适应性广。体长与体重的相关关系为:W=0.375 3L3.194 9,同龄雄鱼大于雌鱼。135~180日龄性成熟,为多次产卵类型,卵沉性、粘性,绝对怀卵量与体重呈直线正相关:Y=0.551 2 0.252 3X,相对生殖力为260粒/g,胚胎发育阶段所需积温为950℃.h.。  相似文献   

7.
人工栽培条件下三叶木通座果及果实生长特性研究   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
用栽培三叶木通为试材,研究了其座果及果实生长的特性。结果表明:人工栽培条件下,三叶木通座果(雌花)率可以提高到13.5%,是野生三叶木通的2 100%;以先年第1、2次攀援茎第3 ̄30节位结果为主;3月底开花,花期30d左右。花后第20 ̄50d(4月中旬至5月上旬)花序、雌花及幼果(子房)大量脱落,出现明显的脱落高峰。三叶木通果实纵向生长呈双S曲线布,生长期150d左右,可划分成5个时期:受精结实  相似文献   

8.
《Chronobiology international》2013,30(8):1660-1672
A season of birth effect in addictive disorders has scarcely been studied. As smoking is known to be a highly addictive behavior, we examined whether there exists an association between season of birth and smoking habits among the general population in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC, n?=?8,319). The birth month of each cohort member was categorized into one of the four seasons: spring (March–May), summer (June–August), autumn (September–November), or winter (December–February). Smoking habits of the cohort members were assessed by a postal questionnaire at the age of 31 yrs. Those who reported that they regularly smoked 11 or more cigarettes/day were regarded as heavy smokers. The association between season of birth and smoking was assessed with a logistic regression analysis: first, after controlling for early pregnancy-related and perinatal characteristics (Model 1) and second, after controlling for cohort members' hospital-treated psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts, adult educational level, and marital status (Model 2). Compared to males born in winter, the likelihood for heavy daily smoking was significantly increased, up to 1.3-fold, among males born in the autumn in both logistic regression models. However, among females the likelihood for heavy smoking was statistically significantly elevated among those born during any season other than winter. Season of birth may modify the development of dopaminergic or other neurotransmitter systems divergently among males and females. Altered expression of dopaminergic genes due to environmental climatic factors could explain the association between season of birth and heavy smoking. (Author correspondence: ).  相似文献   

9.
1989年于山东省平度市山楂园的定点调查和1988-1989年的室内外饲养观察表明:在田间,暗黑鳃金龟的成虫白天出土数量极少;夜间隔日出土的习性表现为—天数量多.一天数量少.即大小日现象;降雨对其出土没有影响。自然情况下。所有个体均隔日出土。对其出土习性,连续20天缺食没有影响;始终黑暗50天以上,影响不大;24小时光照和24小时黑暗的光周期.开始影响甚小,之后十分明显.再后影响又小;始终光照时,其规律完全被打破,出土数量也大大减少。由此推断,影响暗黑鳃金龟出土习性的主要因素是光照的持续时数,其临界光周期应在14至24小时之间。  相似文献   

10.
云南龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2006年11月-2007年12月,对云南云龙县龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性进行了研究.采用粪便显微组织学分析技术分析龙马山滇金丝猴冬季采食植物的种类组成和比例,并测定了该猴群主要取食的15种植物(包括两种松萝科植物)(取食食物百分比>1%)和次要取食的10种植物(取食食物百分比<1%)的化学成分.研究结果表明,龙马山滇金丝猴冬季取食的植物共计26科45种,其中云龙箭竹、长松萝、花松萝、实竹、空心箭竹分别占19.78%、10.28%、8.37%、4.93%、4.46%,是滇金丝猴冬季主要取食的植物种类,占取食植物的47.99%.木本植物和草本植物的叶是滇金丝猴的主要食物,在冬季食物中所占百分比最高,达75%.冬季滇金丝猴比较喜欢采食P/F值较高、单宁含量较低的食物,其主要食物比次要食物含有较高的P/F值和较低的单宁(P<0.05).  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: There are still insufficient data on the frequency of seroconversion and seroreversion of Helicobacter pylori antibodies. The frequency of serochange and related factors were investigated in this study over 9 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using sera from 3104 workers who underwent health checks in 1989 and again in 1998, H. pylori antibodies were measured. Those with intermediate serology were excluded from the study. Information on past history was collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 912 seronegative and 1286 seropositive subjects in 1989, seroconversion was observed in 57 and seroreversion in 91 subjects. Seroconversion and seroreversion rates over the 9-year period were 6.3% and 7.1%, respectively, giving rates per 1000 person-years (with 95% confidence interval) of 7.0 (5.2-8.7) and 7.9 (6.3-9.4), respectively. Subjects that reported abdominal symptoms or gastric fiberscope use showed significantly higher seroconversion rates than controls (8.7 vs. 4.5 and 9.2 vs. 1.6, respectively), which remained significant after adjustment for age and gender. Those with a history of duodenal ulcers, a smoking habit or a drinking habit showed significantly lower seroreversion rates than controls (3.5 vs. 8.9, 5.4 vs. 9.2 and 5.9 vs. 13.3, respectively). After adjustment, the association between seroreversion and smoking habit disappeared, while the associations with history of duodenal ulcers and drinking habit remained. CONCLUSIONS: Those with a history of nonspecific abdominal symptoms and those with a history of gastric fiberscope use showed higher seroconversion rates. Alcohol consumption and duodenal ulcers may inhibit the autoeradication of H. pylori, possibly through increased acid secretion.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to use data from three generations to see if there was any suggestion of linkage between the dermatoglyphic palm characters and the ABO blood groups. A sample of 237 Polish families (984 individuals) was analysed. The results provided provisional evidence that some linkage exist. There was a small number of apparent “linkages”. Further, when data were re-tested for association between dermatoglyphic palm patterns and ABO blood groups for all samples, the linkage was not confirmed due to sampling fluctuation or sampling errors.  相似文献   

13.
         下载免费PDF全文
From November 2006 to March 2007, we studied the winter diets of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) found living at Mt. Longma, Yunnan Province. Fecal components including their relative proportions were quantified by micro-morphological analysis. Phytochemical components of 15 primary food items (including two species of Usneaceae) and 10 secondary food items of R. bieti were analyzed. Winter diets of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey included 45 plant species of 26 families. Fargesia papyrifera Yi (19.78 %), Usnea longissima (10.28 %), Usnea florida (L.) Wigg (8.37 %), Qiongzhuea rigidula Hsueh (4.93 %), and Fargesia pallens Hsueh (4.46 %) were the main components of the winter diet, totalling47.99% of all utilized plants. Young leaves of woody plants and herbaceous plants constituted 75 % of the total quantity of forage. R. bieti preferred to choose food items with high PΠF ratios and low tannin content in winter. It was also noted that primary food items used by R. bieti had less fibire ( P &lt; 0.01) and tannin ( P &lt; 0.05) than secondary items.  相似文献   

14.
The objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), 3-methyladenine (3-MeAd), 3-ethyladenine (3-EtAd), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thioethers as biomarkers for assessing the exposure in adult smokers who switched from smoking conventional cigarettes to candidate potential reduced exposure products (PREP) or who stopped smoking. Two electrically heated smoking systems (EHCSS) were used as prototype cigarettes that have significant reductions in a number of mainstream smoke constituents as measured by smoking machines relative to those from conventional cigarettes. Urine samples were collected from a randomized, controlled, forced-switching study in which 110 adult smokers of a conventional cigarette brand (CC1) were randomly assigned to five study groups. The groups included the CC1 smoking group, a lower-tar conventional cigarette (CC2) smoking group, EHCSS1 group, EHCSS2 group and a no smoking group that were monitored for 8 days. Biomarkers were measured at baseline and day 8. The daily excretion levels of these biomarkers were compared among the groups before and after switching, and the relationships between the daily excretion levels of these biomarkers and cigarette smoking-related exposure were investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analyses. It was concluded that under controlled study conditions: (1) 1-OHP, S-PMA and t,t-MA are useful biomarkers that could differentiate exposure between smoking conventional and EHCSS cigarettes or between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; between S-PMA and t,t-MA, the former appeared to be more sensitive; (2) 3-MeAd could only differentiate between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; the results for 3-EtAd were not conclusive because contradictory results were observed; (3) 8-OHdG had a questionable association with smoking and therefore the utility of this biomarker for smoking-related exposure could not be established; and (4) urinary excretion of thioethers as a biomarker lacked sensitivity to demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship in conventional cigarette smokers, although it could differentiate the excretion levels between those subjects who smoked a conventional cigarette and those who stopped smoking.  相似文献   

15.
Rattus rattus slandeni的食性资料是在小良人工阔叶混交林中通过200个鼠箱观察残留食物的方法收集到的。屋顶鼠摄食植物39种,主要为果实、种子部分,并大量捕食金龟子、蝉和蝗虫等昆虫,偶尔捕食小脊椎动物。植物性和动物性两大类残食的总出现率相近,5-10月以动物性食物为主,11-4月以植物性食物为主。该鼠搬运和遗弃果实、种子的行为,有助于植物种类的传布,大量捕食害虫,有利于该系统的生态平衡,故对其益害问题应作客观评价。  相似文献   

16.
苍鹭营巢习性的初步观察   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
高欣  刘明玉 《四川动物》2002,21(2):96-97
2000年3-4月在辽宁省凌源市对苍鹭的营巢习性进行观察表明:苍鹭在营巢过程中雄性外出取材,雌性筑巢,营巢期6-9天;雄性取材次数随着营巢天数的增加而增多,每日取材次数有两个高峰期,即上午7-9时、下午3-5时;巢平均值为外径50cm,内径29.2cm,巢高24cm,巢深11cm,巢材主要为树木枯枝。  相似文献   

17.
Empathy can be widely defined as the capacity to understand the emotional, visual, or cognitive perspective of another individual and is perhaps reliant on the ability to attribute mental states. Behavioural events that may indicate empathy in chimpanzees,Pan troglodytes, are collated (1) using a questionnaire and (2) from the literature. These case studies are classified in a taxonomy of empathic acts in which empathy is categorized as visual empathy, emotional empathy, concordance and extended empathy. In addition, the circumstances surrounding the empathic acts are discussed: whether the recipient of the empathic act was a relative, an unfamiliar individual, or a heterospecific. The cost to the animal showing empathy, whether it displayed any levels of intentionality and if it communicated to a third party are also analyzed. Rescuing of an individual from a dangerous social or physical situation is the only category where the animal shows empathy under all the specified conditions. From this preliminary analysis it seems the chimpanzees may be capable of showing empathy across a wide range of circumstances.  相似文献   

18.
The objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), 3-methyladenine (3-MeAd), 3-ethyladenine (3-EtAd), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thioethers as biomarkers for assessing the exposure in adult smokers who switched from smoking conventional cigarettes to candidate potential reduced exposure products (PREP) or who stopped smoking. Two electrically heated smoking systems (EHCSS) were used as prototype cigarettes that have significant reductions in a number of mainstream smoke constituents as measured by smoking machines relative to those from conventional cigarettes. Urine samples were collected from a randomized, controlled, forced-switching study in which 110 adult smokers of a conventional cigarette brand (CC1) were randomly assigned to five study groups. The groups included the CC1 smoking group, a lower-tar conventional cigarette (CC2) smoking group, EHCSS1 group, EHCSS2 group and a no smoking group that were monitored for 8 days. Biomarkers were measured at baseline and day 8. The daily excretion levels of these biomarkers were compared among the groups before and after switching, and the relationships between the daily excretion levels of these biomarkers and cigarette smoking-related exposure were investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analyses. It was concluded that under controlled study conditions: (1) 1-OHP, S-PMA and t,t-MA are useful biomarkers that could differentiate exposure between smoking conventional and EHCSS cigarettes or between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; between S-PMA and t,t-MA, the former appeared to be more sensitive; (2) 3-MeAd could only differentiate between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; the results for 3-EtAd were not conclusive because contradictory results were observed; (3) 8-OHdG had a questionable association with smoking and therefore the utility of this biomarker for smoking-related exposure could not be established; and (4) urinary excretion of thioethers as a biomarker lacked sensitivity to demonstrate a clear dose–response relationship in conventional cigarette smokers, although it could differentiate the excretion levels between those subjects who smoked a conventional cigarette and those who stopped smoking.  相似文献   

19.
黎天山  李长衡   《广西植物》1991,11(3):278-282
本文报道了中华越北蝗取食37科74种植物。对该蝗的生物学特性也作了简要的描述。中华越北蝗是园林植物的重要害虫之一,应引起我们注意。  相似文献   

20.
Are learning processes selection processes? This paper takes a slightly modified version of the account of selection presented in Hull et al. (Behav Brain Sci 24:511–527, 2001) and asks whether it applies to learning processes. The answer is that although some learning processes are selectional, many are not. This has consequences for teleological theories of mental content. According to these theories, mental states have content in virtue of having proper functions, and they have proper functions in virtue of being the products of selection processes. For some mental states, it is plausible that the relevant selection process is natural selection, but there are many for which it is not plausible. One response to this (due to David Papineau) is to suggest that the learning processes by which we acquire non-innate mental states are selection processes and can therefore confer proper functions on mental states. This paper considers two ways in which this response could be elaborated, and argues that neither of them succeed: the teleosemanticist cannot rely on the claim that learning processes are selection processes in order to justify the attribution of proper functions to beliefs.  相似文献   

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