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金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(staphylococcal enterotoxins,SEs)是由金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)分泌的一类具有呕吐活性的细菌外毒素,可引起严重的炎症反应和食物中毒。SEs具有超抗原活性,可与T细胞受体的可变区和MHC II类分子形成三元复合物(TCR-SEs-MHC II),直接刺激T淋巴细胞大量产生肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)、白介素(interleukin,IL)-2、IL-6和γ干扰素(interferon γ,IFN-γ)等细胞因子,从而导致中毒性休克综合征(toxicshocksyndrome, TSS)。在临床常见的SEs中,肠毒素A (staphylococcalenterotoxin A, SEA)和肠毒素B(staphylococcal enterotoxin B,SEB)是出现频率最高、毒性最大、危害最严重的两种。目前尚没有针对SEs中毒治疗策略的综述性研究。本文首先概述了SEs的分类、结构及毒性作用,重点围绕SEA和SEB,分析了TCR-SEs-MHC II类... 相似文献
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【背景】金黄色葡萄球菌是目前食品和临床引起感染的重要病原菌,迫切需要开发新型抗菌药物。【目的】分析吡唑啉酮铜配合物P-FAH-Cu-phen对金黄色葡萄球菌的转录组影响和主要代谢信号通路。【方法】采用液体稀释法测定P-FAH-Cu-phen作用金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)。将终浓度2 μg/mL的配合物分别作用于对数生长期的金黄色葡萄球菌30 min和2 h,进行转录组测序及分析。【结果】 P-FAH-Cu-phen作用金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC分别为2 μg/mL和4 μg/mL。与空白对照相比,配合物处理细菌30 min后,其差异基因共有356个,其中上调表达180个、下调表达176个;配合物处理细菌2 h后,其差异基因共有23个,其中上调表达3个、下调表达20个。差异基因功能主要富集于膜的组成部分、细胞质、质膜、ATP结合、发病机制、金属离子结合、组氨酸生物合成过程、DNA结合、水解酶活性、跨膜转运蛋白活性、硝酸盐同化、硝酸盐代谢过程、硝酸还原酶复合物、硝酸还原酶活性等。差异基因涉及的信号通路主要有双组分系统、群体感应、氮代谢、三羧酸循环、氨基酸代谢等。【结论】影响细菌质膜组成、毒素生成、生物膜形成、细胞壁合成、能量代谢等可能是吡唑啉酮铜配合物P-FAH-Cu-phen对金黄色葡萄球菌的主要抑菌作用。研究为揭示吡唑啉酮铜配合物抑制金黄色葡萄球菌分子机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, SA)被认为是最常见的食源性致病菌之一,引起人畜的感染性疾病,导致皮肤、软组织和血液感染,引发脓毒症和中毒性休克综合征。随着抗生素的滥用,金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性逐渐增强,导致耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)的出现,并且在全球范围内散播,严重危害公共卫生安全。目前亟需有效控制SA感染的新疗法,因此本文对金黄色葡萄球菌防治技术的研究进展进行综述,并对其防治前景进行了分析,以期对金黄色葡萄球菌尤其是MRSA的控制提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a major human pathogen of hospital and community acquired infections, is becoming resistant to almost all commercially available antibiotics. This has prompted development of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic options. Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is one such peptide known to possess antimicrobial properties. In the present study, we analyzed the antimicrobial activity of α-MSH against 75 clinical strains of S. aureus including both methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Results of our previous study showed that membrane damage is the major mechanism of staphylocidal activity of α-MSH. In this context, we compared the various bacterial membrane parameters, viz., membrane fluidity, lipid composition, and surface charge of a few selected MSSA and MRSA strains that showed variable susceptibility to the melanocortin peptide. Our results showed that α-MSH killed both type of strains efficiently (≥70% killing in 84% clinical strains after exposure with 6μM of α-MSH for 1h). It was observed that compared to the α-MSH-susceptible strains, the α-MSH-non-susceptible strains had a different membrane order and phospholipid pattern. There was no consistent pattern of cell surface charge to distinguish α-MSH-susceptible strain from a non-susceptible strain. In conclusion, α-MSH possessed potential staphylocidal activity for both against MSSA and MRSA strains. S. aureus strains not susceptible to the peptide exhibited a rigid membrane and a higher amount of the cationic phospholipid as compared to the α-MSH-susceptible strains. 相似文献
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The flavonol galangin is present in numerous plants and is a major constituent of Helichrysum aureonitens, a perennial herb used by South African indigenes to treat infection. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of galangin was assessed against 17 strains of 4-quinolone resistant S. aureus using an agar dilution assay. It was determined that the flavonol had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 50 microg/ml against 16 of these strains, including those which exhibited 250- and 500-fold increases in norfloxacin resistance. The remaining one strain, which possessed an amino acid alteration in the GrlB subunit of topoisomerase IV, had increased susceptibility to galangin. Control strains of 4-quinolone sensitive S. aureus were also found to have MICs of 50 microg/ml. The topoisomerase IV enzyme may therefore be implicated in the antibacterial mechanism of action of galangin. Clearly however, there is no cross-resistance between galangin and the 4-quinolones, and the flavonol therefore warrants further investigation as an antibacterial agent. 相似文献
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万古霉素敏感性下降的金黄色葡萄球菌(VISA/hV ISA)日益增多,已经成为公共健康的重要威胁。来自临床或实验室的VISA/hV ISA菌株表现出一些共同特征,如细胞壁增厚,自溶活性降低,毒力减弱,醋酸盐代谢异常。金葡菌从VSSA到VISA/hV ISA的转化是一个逐步演变的过程,VISA中一些调控基因的变异,特别是如wal KR、graRS、vra SR、rpo B、rpo C、rpo D、agr、msrR、fdh2、sle1等基因连续的变异与金葡菌对万古霉素的耐药性相关。VISA/hV ISA中相应基因的变异也是VISA/hV ISA对宿主毒力减弱,持续定殖及对宿主适应性改变的遗传基础。为了预防和控制VISA/hI VSA感染,应全面了解其生物学特性,开发简便有效的检验方法,探索制定灵活的治疗策略,达到有效防治的目的。 相似文献
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【目的】在人的鼻腔中鉴定出一种源自α-2-巨球蛋白的抗菌肽(命名为A2M3),并探究其对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑菌作用和机制。【方法】结合生物信息学技术对人类鼻液的质谱结果进行分析,并筛选潜在抗菌肽;通过微量稀释法和平板涂布法分别分析A2M3对金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)和时间杀伤曲线(time-kill curve);采用透射电镜、碘化丙锭(propidium iodide, PI)摄取实验、流式细胞术和核酸蛋白质泄露实验分析A2M3对金黄色葡萄球菌膜完整性、膜通透性的影响;通过凝胶阻滞实验和荧光光谱实验探究A2M3对金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA的影响。【结果】利用生物信息学技术筛选出源自α-2-巨球蛋白的潜在抗菌肽A2M3,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为125.0 μg/mL,且能在3 h内完全杀灭细菌。A2M3通过增加细胞膜的通透性,促使核酸和蛋白质泄漏,继而穿过细胞膜嵌入DNA的碱基对,影响细菌的基因功能,从而导致菌体死亡。【结论】A2M3对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机制涉及多靶点协同作用,能够改变细菌细胞膜的通透性,影响细菌的基因功能。这一发现揭示了从人体体液中筛选和分离抗菌功能肽的潜在应用价值。 相似文献
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【背景】功能作图(functionalmapping)模型是基于统计方法的分析生物体动态复杂性状发育的全基因组作图方法,旨在定位性状发育过程中的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci, QTL),将功能作图应用于微生物研究有助于解析复杂的互作过程。【目的】利用功能作图定位两种微生物在动态生长发育过程中发挥显著作用的QTL,通过基因功能注释找到影响微生物表型生长的基因。【方法】将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌各100个菌株单独培养和一一配对共同培养,将取得的各菌株生长丰度表型数据和单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)数据进行关联分析,找到同一物种在不同培养条件下对生长起作用的显著QTL。【结果】通过功能作图分析,在大肠杆菌中定位到217个QTL,金黄色葡萄球菌中定位到152个QTL;通过功能聚类和基因注释分析发现,QTL所在候选基因中金黄色葡萄球菌scdA、sdrC、sdrD、ftsA和大肠杆菌phr、nagC、eptA、ppsA、priA、flim基因对微生物的生长发挥了较大作用。【结论】本文借助功能作图定位了大肠杆菌和金黄... 相似文献
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以传统面制品馒头作为研究对象,采用修正的Gompertz(SGompertz)和修正的Logistic(SLogistic)作为一级生长模型,应用Origin 9.0软件分别拟合馒头中金黄色葡萄球菌在10、15、25、30和37 ℃的生长情况,获得其最大比生长速率(μmax)和迟滞期(λ)。采用平方根模型和二次多项式模型建立馒头中金黄色葡萄球菌的二级生长模型,并对该模型进行验证。结果表明,SGompertz模型能较好地拟合馒头中金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。以μmax建立的平方根和二次多项式模型,R2分别为0.931 5和0.932 0,偏差因子(Bf)分别为1.123 2和1.050 1,准确因子(Af)分别为1.221 0和1.190 2,表明采用μmax进行拟合时,二次多项式模型的拟合效果较好;以迟滞期λ建立的平方根和二次多项式模型,R2分别为0.948 4和0.969 6,Bf分别为0.890 1和0.912 2,Af分别为1.541 1和1.180 3,表明采用迟滞期λ进行拟合时,二次多项式模型的拟合效果较好。本研究可为馒头等传统面制品的定量风险评估提供参考。 相似文献
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Martin Roos Ernst Pittenauer Erich Schmid Manfred Beyer Bernhard Reinike Günter Allmaier Harald Labischinski 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1998,705(2):M499
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of muropeptides, obtained by muramidase digestion of peptidoglycan in combination with amino acid analysis and plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry is today by far the best tool to analyze the fine structure of the peptidoglycans. Here we report further improvements of the RP-HPLC separation of muropeptides for analyzing the peptidoglycans of various methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with emphasis on a more detailed characterization of the interpeptide bridge of the peptidoglycans of this species. 相似文献
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【目的】为了解Fn BPA-A分子遗传多态性对新疆部分地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌免疫生物学特性的影响。【方法】对采自新疆不同地区的牛源金黄色葡萄球菌Fn BPA-A氨基酸序列进行分析,构建了Fn BPA-A 8个不同遗传多态性的真核重组质粒,分别免疫C57BL/6小鼠,收集免疫后的抗血清。对不同重组质粒免疫小鼠后免疫保护力进行比较分析。【结果】进化树显示GS801、GS819、GS856属于同一分支,GW10-1、GW20-2、GY288、GY309为同一分支,GY278为一分支。免疫小鼠并进行攻击保护检测,GW20-2、GS801、GS819、GS856与GY288免疫组对小鼠的免疫保护率较高,GY278免疫组免疫保护率最低。【结论】Fn BPA-A分子的遗传多态性可以影响免疫小鼠的免疫水平和攻毒保护力。 相似文献
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【目的】为从免疫的角度比较和分析黏附素分子细胞外纤维蛋白原结合蛋白(Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein,EfB)和纤维连接蛋白结合蛋A(Fibronection binding protein,FnBP)对聚集因子A(Clumping factor A,ClfA)抑制牛源金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)黏附牛乳腺原代上皮细胞作用的增强效果。【方法】本试验分离培养牛乳腺上皮细胞并鉴定;将真核重组质粒EfB和FnBPA分别与ClfA组合免疫新西兰大白兔,并利用免疫后抗体体外抑制2株SA分离株侵染牛乳腺上皮细胞,采用平板计数法定量检测与比较不同免疫组合诱导抗体对黏附的抑制作用;对SA和乳腺上皮细胞分别进行荧光染色,观察不同免疫组合诱导的抗体对黏附抑制效果的差异。【结果】成功分离培养了牛乳腺原代上皮细胞;证明了构建的ClfA、FnBPA和EfB真核重组表达质粒均可在细胞中表达,且在免疫实验兔后可诱导特异性抗体的产生;细菌平板计数和荧光染色观察的结果表明,黏附素分子单独和组合免疫的抗体对该菌不同菌株(GY278和GY309)的黏附抑制能力不同,ClfA抗体的黏附抑制能力最强,FnBPA分子A区的黏附抑制能力优于D区。FnBPA、EfB分别与ClfA联合免疫抗体对黏附的抑制程度高于黏附素分子单独免疫组,FnBPA分子A区对ClfA黏附抑制的增强作用优于D区,FnBPA-A区与Efb相比对ClfA的黏附抑制增强差异不显著。【结论】FnBPA-A、FnBPA-D和EfB分别与ClfA联合免疫可不同程度地影响ClfA的黏附抑制效果,该结果为以黏附素分子为靶点的牛乳腺炎疫苗的研究提供了实验数据。 相似文献
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The role of endogenous pyrogens induced by gram-positive bacterial pyrogens is not known. Intravenous alpha-MSH (2.5 micrograms) significantly reduced only the first phase of the biphasic thermal response to IV S. aureus cell walls (5 x 10(7)). Intracerebroventricular alpha-MSH (200 ng) had no effect on the fever response. The fall in serum iron concentration was significantly attenuated by the IV alpha-MSH but was not affected by the ICV alpha-MSH. Intravenous alpha-MSH had no effect on fever or the serum iron response caused by muramyl dipeptide (MDP). We conclude that the first phase of the thermal response to S. aureus cell walls is mediated by an endogenous pyrogen (EP) and the second phase of the response by a mechanism not involving EP, but possibly a muramyl peptide. 相似文献