创伤弧菌金属蛋白酶的研究进展

研究表明创伤弧菌产生的金属蛋白酶(Vibrio vulnificus protease,VVP)与创伤弧菌的致病性密切相关。经过纯化的VVP能加强血管的渗透性,而且能破坏血管基底膜而导致严重的出血。VVP能使再生基底膜的胶化下降,使出血组织损伤。VVP前体经过水解氨基末端终止信号肽和前肽而成为成熟蛋白酶。成熟的VVP包含两个功能区域,分别是介导蛋白水解反应的氨基末端多肽片段和介导与靶目标有效连接的羧基末端片段。创伤弧菌有LuxS/AI-2和SmcR两种群体感应(Quorum sensing,QS)系统,均能调控蛋白酶的表达,并且二者之间可能存在相互作用或等级反应。LuxS对创伤弧菌的致病力是必需的,但SmcR却是非必需的。     

水产品中创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌双重PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立一种同步检测创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的双重PCR方法。方法 选择副溶血弧菌tlh基因和创伤弧菌vvhA基因作为靶序列各设计一对引物。用合成的引物对副溶血弧菌和创伤弧菌进行双重PCR扩增,确定特异性和最低检出限。然后用此方法对53株副溶血弧菌和7株创伤弧菌进行检测。结果 确定了双重PCR检测创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的最优反应条件,其中退火温度为60 ℃,方法具有较好的特异性。对副溶血弧菌的最低限为1.0×102 CFU/mL,创伤弧菌最低限为4.2×104 CFU/mL。双重PCR对分离株检测符合率达100%。结论 建立的双重PCR方法简便、快速、特异性好,可同时检测副溶血弧菌和创伤弧菌,为水产品中病原菌的基层检测提供解决方案。     

慢性肝病患者并发创伤弧菌脓毒症研究现状

创伤弧菌脓毒症,是由创伤弧菌引起的致死性疾病,主要见于慢性肝病患者。创伤弧菌是一种嗜盐的革兰阴性(G-)条件致病菌,自然存活于热带及亚热带海水中,可寄生在滤食海生动物体内(如牡蛎、蚌、蟹等)[1]。我国在浙江、江苏、广东、山东、广西等沿海地区贝壳类海产品中都曾检测到创     

创伤弧菌抗菌药物药敏实验及结果分析

目的:本研究通过药敏实验对创伤弧菌进行抗菌药物敏感性分析,探讨在创伤弧菌感染中如何选择抗菌药物,提高临床治疗的效果.方法:利用ATCC标准的创伤弧菌菌株,进行了临床常用抗生素单个药敏实验和不同类型抗生素间的2种药物联合药敏实验.结果:创伤弧菌对抗革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌药物比较敏感,这些抗菌药物归属为(1)四环素类;(2)第三代头孢类;(3)第三、四代氟喹诺酮类;(4)新一代氧基糖甙类.四环素和头孢噻肟之间、氨苄西林和左旋氧氟沙星之间、复方新诺明和四环素之间等存在明显的协同关系,左旋氧氟沙星与头孢噻肟及四环素,头孢噻肟与庆大霉素及红霉素均不存在协同作用.结论:临床上主要应用抗菌药物对创伤弧菌感染进行对症治疗,本研究为临床中抗菌药物治疗创伤弧菌感染提供了实验依据,可作为临床用药和提高临床治疗效果的重要参考.     

创伤弧菌致病性及其毒力因子研究进展

创伤弧菌是一种嗜盐性的革兰阴性弧菌,存在于河海交界之处。自1964年首次被美国CDC分离出后得到了研究者的广泛关注,它与霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌合称为致人类感染的三大弧菌。创伤弧菌可引起肠胃感染、伤口感染及原发性败血症等疾病,其感染存在发病急、病死率高等特点,给公共卫生造成了沉重负担。其中,多种毒力因子在创伤弧菌的致病中起到了至关重要的作用,如溶细胞素、金属蛋白酶、铁载体、荚膜多糖等。因此,本文对创伤弧菌的生物学特性、致病情况及相关毒力因子进行了详细介绍,以期为病原微生物的诊断、预防和治疗提供新的启示。     

变性高效液相色谱技术对创伤弧菌检测的研究

应用PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术对创伤弧菌进行检测,建立创伤弧菌快速准确的检测新方法。经过DHPLC分析条件优化,在DHPLC非变性温度下分析创伤弧菌特异性PCR扩增产物。同时进行方法特异性、灵敏度、重复性实验。实验结果表明所建立的创伤弧菌PCR-DHPLC检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重现性好、结果稳定可靠、检测时间短,检测低限可达到124 CFU/mL,是创伤弧菌快速检测的新技术。     

无血清培养鹌鹑胚胎骨骼肌细胞的光镜与电镜观察

用无血清、无胚胎抽提液培养液（Ｅａｇｌｅ’ｓ，ＭＥＭ）培养孵育８ｄ的鹌鹑胚胎骨骼肌细胞，接种后圆形的生肌细胞可发育、分化形成线状的肌管，历时４—６ｄ。对培养７２ｈ肌细胞苏木精－伊红染色光镜照相和电镜观察证明肌细胞在本实验条件下能分化形成肌细胞特有的横纹结构和肌丝结构。     

基于转录组测序探索创伤弧菌MO6-24/O小RNA

目的:基于转录组测序注释,探索创伤弧菌MO6-24/O小RNA(sRNA)。方法:在海洋培养基2216E中培养创伤弧菌MO6-24/O,收集从对数生长期到静止期不同时间点的细菌,提取细菌RNA,通过富集sRNA以及去除核糖体RNA进行建库和测序,然后将读段匹配到创伤弧菌MO6-24/O基因组并进行注释,最后进行验证。结果:发现59个顺式编码sRNA、102个反式编码sRNA,并进行了部分验证。结论:鉴定出创伤弧菌MO6-24/OsRNA。     

三种创伤弧菌免疫原的制备及其对黄姑鱼的免疫保护效果

从创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)中提取菌体脂多糖(lipopolysaccaride,LPS)和外膜蛋白(outer membrane protein,OMP)并制备福尔马林灭活全菌苗(FKC),腹腔注射接种黄姑鱼。分别在注射第0、7、14、21和28天后测定了受免鱼血清中凝集抗体效价、血清溶菌酶活性和血液白细胞吞噬活性,以及免疫28d后的相对免疫保护率。结果表明,3种抗原对黄姑鱼均有较强的免疫原性。免疫后,免疫组血清凝集抗体效价逐渐增高,第28天时最高;溶菌酶活性(LMZ)、白细胞吞噬活性(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)显著升高(P<0.01),第21天达到峰值,随后逐渐下降。各组之间比较表明,受免后7、14、21和28d,免疫组黄姑鱼凝集抗体效价、PP、PI和LMZ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),LPS和OMP组凝集抗体效价低于FKC组,LPS和OMP组的相对免疫保护率高于FKC组,各组间免疫保护率大小顺序为LPS组>OMP组>FKC组>对照组。     

四君子汤抗骨骼肌疲劳作用的定量细胞化学和电镜观察

本文采用细胞化学技术及单细胞定量对运动疲劳小鼠股四头肌不同类型肌纤维的成分进行分析,实验结果显示：经服四君子汤恢复后的三种肌纤维类型的糖原含量、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的活性明显高于疲劳组,超微结构的改变则位于线粒体的变化,提示四君子汤对解除骨骼肌的高度疲劳、增强体质具有非常重要的作用。     

A proteome map of murine heart and skeletal muscle

The balance of hypertrophy and atrophy is critical for the adaptation of cardiac and skeletal muscle mass to the demands of the environment and when deregulated can cause disease. Here we have used a proteomics approach to generate protein reference maps for the mouse heart and skeletal muscle, which provide a molecular basis for future functional and pathophysiological studies. The reference map provides information on molecular mass, pI, and literature data on function and localization, to facilitate the identification of proteins based on their migration in 2-D gels. In total, we have identified 351 cardiac and 284 skeletal muscle protein spots, representing 249 and 214 different proteins, respectively. In addition, we have visualized the protein pattern of mouse heart and skeletal muscle at defined conditions comparing knockout (KO) animals deficient in the sarcomeric protein titin (a genetic atrophy model) and control littermates. We found 20 proteins that were differently expressed linking titin's kinase region to the heat-shock- and proteasomal stress response. Taken together, the established reference maps should provide a suitable tool to relate protein expression and PTM to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle disease using the mouse as an animal model.     

Isolation and characterization of hemolysin mutants of Vibrio vulnificus

Abstract The importance of the cytolysin/hemolysin in the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus was investigated using both the naturally occuring virulent and avirulent colony variants and ethylmethane-sulfonate generated mutants. Both virulent and avirulent isogenic morphotypes produced similar amounts of hemolysin. Two mutants deficient in the production of hemolysin and negative for CHO cell activity were characterized and their virulence for mice was examined. Non-hemolytic mutants were found to be as virulent as their parent strain. It is concluded that the hemolysin produced by V. vulnificus is not required for the full virulence of this pathogen.     

A novel multiplex PCR for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus

AIM: To establish a simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that will identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 429 Vibrio spp. from various origins were tested with the novel primers targeting toxR. The reverse primers were all designed to be species specific, while the forward primer was universal. The primers correctly identified all the V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS: The toxR multiplex PCR works well when the initial colony morphology is known. If not, Vibrio alginolyticus might represent a diagnostic obstacle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The method provides a fast and reliable way of identifying the main Vibrio spp. involved in food-borne disease. The method could prove very useful for laboratories working with identification of these Vibrio spp.     

Comparison of outer membrane protein profiles of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes 1 and 2

Abstract The outer membrane proteins of 17 Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 strains from Japanese and European cels, and 12 biotype 1 strains from clinical and environmental sources have been compared. The overall profile in both biotypes was similar, and a major protein band of molecular mass 36 kDa was detected in the majority of the strain. Differences in the minor bands allowed differentiation of strains from different origins, suggesting that outer membrane protein profiles could be useful as epidemiological markers in the species V. vulnificus . Immunoblotting with antisera to whole cells of selected strains of biotypes 1 and 2 showed a strong antigenic response to outer membrane proteins 66, 60, 48, 46 and 44 kDa; these were common to all strains examined, independent of their biotypes and origins. These results demonstrate the presence of antigenically related outer membrane proteins in both biotypes of V. vulnificus .     

Identification of the cadBA operon from Vibrio vulnificus and its influence on survival to acid stress

By a transposon-tagging method, cadBA genes encoding a lysine/cadaverin antiporter and a lysine decarboxylase were identified and cloned from Vibrio vulnificus. The deduced amino acid sequences of cadBA were 64-97% similar to those reported from other Enterobacteriaceae. Functions of cadBA genes on acid tolerance were assessed by comparing acid tolerances of V. vulnificus and its isogenic mutants, whose cadBA genes were separately inactivated by allelic exchanges. The results demonstrated that gene products of cadBA contribute to acid tolerance of V. vulnificus, and that their contribution is dependent on prior exposure of cells to moderately acidic pH.     

Regulation systems of protease and hemolysin production in Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus, a gram‐negative halophilic estuarine bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes rapidly progressive fatal septicemia and necrotizing wound infection. This species also causes hemorrhagic septicemia called vibriosis in cultured eels. It has been proposed that a range of virulence factors play roles in pathogenesis during human and/or eel infection. Among these factors, a metalloprotease (V. vulnificus protease [VVP]) and a cytolytic toxin (V. vulnificus hemolysin [VVH]) are of significant importance. VVP elicits the characteristic edematous and hemorrhagic skin damage, whereas VVH exhibits powerful hemolytic and cytolytic activities and contributes to bacterial invasion from the intestine to the blood stream. In addition, a few V. vulnificus strains isolated from diseased eels have recently been found to produce a serine protease designated as V. vulnificus serine protease (VvsA) instead of VVP. Similarly to VVP, VvsA may possess various toxic activities such as collagenolytic, cytotoxic and edema‐forming activity. In this review, regulation of V. vulnificus VVP, VVH and VvsA is clarified in terms of expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The explanation is given on the basis of the quorum sensing system, which is dependent on bacterial cell density. In addition, the roles of environmental factors and global regulators, such as histone‐like nucleoid structuring protein, cyclic adeno monophosphate receptor protein, RpoS, HlyU, Fur, ToxRS, AphB and LeuO, in this regulation are outlined. The cumulative impact of these regulatory systems on the pathogenicity of V. vulnificus is here delineated.     

Low temperature induced non-culturability and killing of Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus cells progressively lose culturability during incubation at 5 degrees C. This process is accelerated by the addition of supernatants from non-culturable cells obtained by incubation at 5 degrees C for 17 days. Thus the organism apparently produces a factor upon cold incubation which is triggering or causing the decline in culturability. Reversing the temperature shift can restore a culturable population comparable in numbers to the original population, but this process is largely due to regrowth. A few cells retaining the ability to grow apparently utilize the substrates released by the moribund cells, thus mimicking resuscitation of the whole population.