电针诱导心肌缺血大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区nNOS和iNOS差异表达

许多研究表明,延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateml medulla,RVLM)的NO/NOS系统参与心血管活动的中枢调节.本实验以结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法建立急性心肌缺血(acute myocardial ischemia,AMI)动物模型,观察针刺"内关"穴改善AMI大鼠的心功能作用,同时检测大鼠RVLM区神经元型一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的变化,进而探讨针刺治疗AMI的中枢机制.实验观察显示,AMI大鼠心功能各项指标减弱,伴随外周血去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平显著升高,同时RVLM区nNOS阳性神经元数和nNOS mRNA表达升高,而iNOS水平则降低.针刺"内关"穴(Pe 6)(每天30 min,连续5天)改善心功能,降低AMI大鼠血清中NE和BNP的水平,同时升高iNOS并降低nNOS在RVLM的表达.以上结果提示,针刺治疗心肌缺血的同时可以调节iNOS/NO和nNOS/NO在RVLM的变化,这可能与针刺通过调节RVLM区的NO含量进而降低交感传出,从而改善AMI大鼠的心功能有关.     

丹酚酸B对大鼠离体工作心脏血流动力学的影响

目的 研究丹酚酸B对离体大鼠工作心脏血流动力学的影响.方法 采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流的方法,以左室内压( LVSP)、左室舒末压(LVEDP)、室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、室内压最大下降速率(- dp/dtmax)、心率(HR)等血流动力学参数为指标,观察丹酚酸B对心肌收缩性能的影响.结果 不同剂量(10、5、2.5 mg/L)的丹酚酸B可使LVSP、±dp/dtmax明显升高,同时使HR减慢,并呈剂量依赖性,但对LVEDP无明显作用.结论 丹酚酸B对离体工作心脏有剂量依赖性正性肌力作用.     

富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:研究富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:将32只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、实验组和阳性对照组(n=8)。实验组术前按5.0 g/(kg·d)灌服富硒板党水溶液,阳性对照组按300 mg/(kg·d)灌服通心络胶囊,假手术组和模型组按5 ml/(kg·d)灌服生理盐水,连续给药14 d,参考Jonassen方法制作心肌缺血/再灌注模型,记录再灌注30 min内发生的的心律失常,并对室性心律失常(VA)进行量化评分,监测再灌注30 min时左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室内压力上升最大速率(LV+dp/dtmax)及左室压力下降最大速率(LV-dp/dtmax),检测各组大鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性与丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与与假手术组比,模型组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著降低,VA和LVEDP明显升高,血清LDH、CK活性显著增强,SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量明显增加(P0.01);与模型组比,实验组及阳性对照组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著升高,VA和LVEDP明显降低,血清LDH、CK活性显著降低,SOD活性显著增强,MDA含量明显减少(P0.01);与阳性对照组比,实验组大鼠VA、LVSP、+dp/dtmax、LVEDP-dp/dtmax和血清LDH、CK、SOD活性与MDA含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制与抗氧化损伤有一定关系。     

雌激素通过调节Gα_s-cAMP通路减轻异丙肾上腺素导致的大鼠心肌损伤

本研究旨在通过给予去卵巢大鼠异丙肾上腺素制作心肌损伤及心功能异常模型,探讨雌激素通过调节兴奋性G(Gαs)蛋白-环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号通路纠正儿茶酚胺导致的心功能异常的机制。观察雌激素对大鼠血流动力学参数:左心室收缩峰压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左心室内压上升的最大变化速率(+dp/dtmax)、左心室内压下降的最大变化速率(-dp/dtmax),血浆脑尿钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP),cAMP浓度和心肌中Gαs蛋白表达的影响。结果显示:与假手术组相比,去卵巢大鼠的血流动力学参数、血浆BNP水平、血浆cAMP水平没有显著改变;但给予去卵巢大鼠异丙肾上腺素后,血流动力学参数LVSP、+dp/dtmax降低(P0.01),LVEDP、-dp/dtmax升高(P0.01),血浆BNP水平升高(P0.01),血浆cAMP水平降低(P0.01);而进一步的雌激素补充则改善了心功能:LVSP、+dp/dtmax升高(P0.01),LVEDP、-dp/dtmax降低(P0.05,P0.01),血浆BNP水平降低(P0.01),cAMP水平升高(P0.01);雌激素对Gαs蛋白表达没有显著影响。结果提示:雌激素对心肌损伤具有保护作用,升高cAMP水平,改善心肌收缩过度抑制,调节心脏的功能状态。     

大鼠心肌梗死后螺内酯与氯沙坦干预对其心肌胶原变化的影响

目的:观察大鼠急性心肌梗死(acmemyocardial infarction,AMI)后左心室心肌重构分析和非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的变化,分别使用螺内酯和氯沙坦以及将两药合用对AMI模型进行干预,探索醛固酮受体拮抗剂和血管紧张素受体阻断剂对AMI后心室重构和胶原增生的影响.方法:将50只雌性SD大鼠随机分为AMI组、螺内酯组、氯沙坦组、联合用药组和假手术组,每组10只,结扎大鼠左前降支建立急性心肌梗死模型.术后8周进行血流动力学测定、病理分析和非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的测定.结果:AMI组与假手术组相比,左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、容积、重量和非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量均显著增加(P<0.05);左心室球形指数、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dt/LVSP)均显著降低(P<0.05).螺内酯组与AMI组相比,左心室非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量显著减少(P<0.05),其余各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).氯沙坦组和联合用药组与AMI组相比,LVEDP、左心室实际重量显著降低(P<0.05);左心室容积仅联合用药组有显著降低(P<0.05);而两组的±dp/dt/LVSP显著增加(P<0.05).螺内酯、氯沙坦和联合用药3组与AMI组相比,左心室非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量均显著减少(P<0.05);且3组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:螺内酯能有效抑制AMI左心室非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的增生,提示螺内酯可能有改善左心室重构的潜在作用.氯沙坦与螺内酯合用可更有效防治AMI后左心室重构,改善左心室舒张功能.     

大鼠下丘脑微量注射TRH对心功能的作用及其机制

目的：探讨下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）对心功能活动的调节作用及其作用机制。方法：在SD大鼠下丘脑促垂体区埋管,微量注射TRH或预先注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L—NAME及M型乙酰胆碱受体阻断剂阿托品,记录给药前后左心室内压峰值（LVSP）、心率（HR）、室内压瞬时上升速率峰值（dp／dtmax）和瞬时下降速率峰值（-dp／dtmax）。结果：①与对照组相比,下丘脑促垂体区注射TRH可引起LVSP、HR、dp／dtmax及-dp／dtmax显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。②单独注射L—NAME后只引起LVSP显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0.01）,L-NAME预处理可抑制TRH引起的正向调节效应。③单独注射阿托品引起LVSP及dp／dtmax的显著升高（P〈0．05）,HR显著下降（P〈0．05）,阿托品预处理减弱了TRH加快心率和提高-dp／dtmax的效应。结论：①下丘脑TRH对心脏有正性变时、变力作用。②下丘脑内源性NO能降低LVSP,但对HR、dp／dtmax及-dp／dtmax明显影响,TRH的作用是经NO依赖通路的。③下丘脑内源性胆碱能递质对心脏有正性变时但负性变力的作用,下丘脑TRH调节心功能可能部分通过胆碱能M受体通路。     

结扎大鼠左冠状动脉不同时间制备心肌梗死模型的比较

目的探索大鼠左冠状动脉前降支不同结扎处理后,对心肌形态学及心功能的影响,以建立适合移植干细胞再生修复心肌梗死研究的稳定、可靠和更合乎发病机制的动物模型。方法雄性SD大鼠70只,随机分为五组。即:结扎(15、30、456、0 min)再灌、结扎非再灌。于处理后1 d、1周2、周或4周动态观察心肌梗死变化,并于处理一月后测量动脉收缩压(ASP)、动脉舒张压(ADP),左室收缩压(LVSP),左室舒张末压(LVEDP)及左室压力上升及下降最大速度(±dp/dtmax)。结果引起明显的心肌梗死至少需要结扎30 min。结扎(456、0 min)再灌、结扎非再灌的心肌梗死明显,并观察到梗死区域心肌已绝大部分纤维化,且梗死面积变化较恒定。同时测定不同结扎时间心功能的变化发现,结扎(456、0 min)再灌或结扎非再灌各组ASP、DAP、LVSP、±dp/dtmax显著下降,LVEDP明显升高。并见不同结扎时间处理后,大鼠心功能的变化与心肌梗死后的梗死面积变化密切相关。结论建立了实验大鼠左冠状动脉前降支中上1/3处结扎45 min以上的大鼠心肌梗死模型。不仅合乎临床心肌梗死的发病机制,而且梗死部位、梗死区域面积稳定,适合于移植细胞再生修复心肌梗死的研究。     

α-人心房钠尿多肽对大鼠血流动力学的作用

本工作观察了α-人心房钠尿多肽(α-Human atrial natriuretic polypeptide,α-hANP)对麻醉大鼠的血流动力学作用。静脉注射α-hANP(3μg/100g)后,动脉血压(ABP)、左室内压(LVP)、左室 dp/dt(LV dp/dt)、心指数(CI)和总外周阻力指数(TPRI)均明显下降,而心率(HR)无明显变化。切断迷走神经后,α-hANP 降压和 LV dp/dt 下降的程度虽有所减小,但与切断前相比无统计学意义。我们的结果表明,α-hANP 对麻醉大鼠的降压机制,在于外周血管舒张所致的总外周阻力减小,以及心肌收缩性能抑制而引起的心输出量降低。     

共载体AAV-PR39-ADM治疗缺血性心脏病

目的:探讨共载体AAV-PR39-ADM分泌表达血管生成肽(PR39)与血管扩张肽(ADM)对SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法:选健康成年雄性SD大鼠36只,体重平均为280 g±20 g,随机分为假手术组(SO)、治疗组(TR)与对照组(I/R),每组各12只。治疗组大鼠心肌注射共载体AAV-PR39-ADM感染心肌7天后行B超检查,测量记录左室壁厚度及射血分数(EF%),左室收缩末压(LVSP),左室内压最大上升下降速率(±dp/dt max)评价作为心脏功能指标。对照组建立缺血再灌注损伤模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎且两组行相同检测。速取处死大鼠心肌行masson染色测量心肌梗死面积。结果:治疗组明显高于对照组,其射血分数、左室内收缩末压、最大上升速率,最大下降速率、梗死面积分别为:EF%(50.4±6.3),(29.8±10.5),P0.05;LVSP:(116±4.2),(101±3.7),P0.05;+dp/dt max:(2859±365),(2137±191),P0.05;-dp/dtmax:(2186±107),(1886±124),P0.05;IS%:(29.3±4.6),(24.6±2.2),P0.05。结论:共载体AAV-PR39-ADM能够显著恢复心肌缺血损伤引起的左室内压下降,提高心肌收缩能力,提高射血分数并明显缩小心肌梗死范围。     

去甲肾上腺素参与家兔脑室注射P物质的心血管效应

目的:深入探讨脑内注射SP的心血管效应及其与去甲肾上腺素能系统的关系.方法:家兔乌拉坦静脉麻醉,侧脑室注射SP或预先注射肾上腺素能受体阻断剂酚妥拉明、哌唑嗪、育亨宾.记录给药前后平均动脉血压(MAP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室收缩末期压(LVEDP)、室内压最大上升速率( dp/dtmax)和下降速率(-dp/dtmax)、心肌收缩成分实测最大缩短速度(Vpm)、心率(HR).观察脑室注射SP后小脑延髓池脑脊液中NA含量的变化.结果:①与对照组比较,icv SP可引起HR、LVSP、LVEDP、 dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax和Vpm值明显增加(P<0.05),同时,小脑延髓池脑脊液中NA含量显著升高(P<0.05).②酚妥拉明或哌唑嗪预处理可显著减弱脑室注射SP引起心血管增强效应(P<0.05),但育亨宾预处理对注射SP引起的心血管效应无明显影响(P<0.05).结论:①脑内注射SP可增强心脏的收缩功能、升高动脉血压.②脑内α1肾上腺素能受体可能参与侧脑室注射SP的心血管增强效应.③中枢应用SP可促进NA能神经元释放NA或抑制突触前膜重摄取NA.这可能是脑内SP心血管效应的一个重要机制.     

氧化苦参碱对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌损伤的保护机制研究

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌损伤(MIRI)的保护机制。方法:随机将60只成年Wistar大鼠分成对照组、MIRI组和OMT组,每组20只,除对照组外,其他两组结扎30 min后松解结扎线灌注60 min。结扎前10 min,OMT组股静脉输入苦参注射液120 mg/kg,对照组、MIRI组则输入等容量生理盐水。造模后,记录两组心率(HR)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左室内压最大上升或下降速率(+dp/dt_(max)或-dp/dt_(min))及血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),检测两组心肌组织中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)水平。结果:与MIRI组相比,OMT组HR、LVSP和+dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(min)均显著升高(P0.05),且OMT组上述指标与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与MIRI组相比,OMT组的NO、NOS、SOD、GSH-PX水平均显著升高,而MDA、血清LDH水平显著降低,比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),且OMT组上述指标与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:OMT对MIRI大鼠具有心肌保护作用,其机制可能与提高抗氧自由基活性、改善微循环及舒张冠脉血管有关。     

Caveolin-1 deficiency exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and reduces survival in mice with myocardial infarction

Caveolin (Cav)-1 has been involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic injuries. For instance, modulations of Cav-1 expression have been reported in animal models of myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, ablation of the Cav-1 gene in mice has been shown to increase the extent of ischemic injury in models of cerebral and hindlimb ischemia. Cav-1 has also been suggested to play a role in myocardial ischemic preconditioning. However, the role of Cav-1 in myocardial ischemia (MI)-induced cardiac dysfunction still remains to be determined. We determined the outcome of a permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in Cav-1 knockout (KO) mice. Wild-type (WT) and Cav-1 KO mice were subjected to permanent LAD ligation for 24 h. The progression of ischemic injury was monitored by echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, β-binding analysis, cAMP level measurements, and Western blot analyses. Cav-1 KO mice subjected to LAD ligation display reduced survival compared with WT mice. Despite similar infarct sizes, Cav-1 KO mice subjected to MI showed reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as increased LV end-diastolic pressures compared with their WT counterparts. Mechanistically, Cav-1 KO mice subjected to MI exhibit reduced β-adrenergic receptor density at the plasma membrane as well as decreased cAMP levels and PKA phosphorylation. In conclusion, ablation of the Cav-1 gene exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and reduces survival in mice subjected to MI. Mechanistically, Cav-1 KO mice subjected to LAD ligation display abnormalities in β-adrenergic signaling.     

结扎冠状动脉后快速起搏方法建立急性心功能不全动物模型

目的探讨建立急性心功能不全动物模型的可行性。方法完全结扎犬前降支,进行快速右室起搏,使心输出量(CCO)较基础状态稳定地下降50%,分别测定基础及心输出量下降状态下的血压(AP)、血氧(SaO2)、平均右房压(mRAP)、平均肺毛压(mPCWP)、系统血管阻力(SVR)、心腔大小、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、内皮素(ET)、尿量(UO)、血肌酐(Scr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)。结果结扎LAD和快速右室起搏后,CCO较基础状态均稳定地下降50%,CCO降低后,AP、SaO2显著下降,mRAP、mPCWP、SVR显著升高;心脏各腔室明显扩大,LVEF显著降低;PRA、ET、Scr明显升高,UO、Ccr明显下降。结论结扎冠状动脉前降支及快速右心室起搏可成功制作急性心功能不全的动物模型。     

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemic injury in rats

It has been shown that after ischemia-reperfusion, application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) reduces cardiac injury. In this study we tested the hypothesis that HBO preconditioning reduces injury to the ischemic myocardium. One hundred and eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280 g) were randomly divided into four groups: normoxia + sham surgery (CS), normoxia + permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (CMI), HBO preconditioning + sham surgery (HS), and HBO preconditioning + permanent LAD occlusion (HMI). Rats receiving HBO preconditioning were intermittently exposed to 100% O(2) at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 60 min, twice daily for 2 days followed by 12 hrs of recovery in room air prior to the myocardial ischemic insult induced by LAD ligation. Rats in the normoxia group were time-matched with the HBO group and maintained under normoxic conditions prior to LAD occlusion. At 3 and 7 days after LAD occlusion, heart function parameters were measured by inserting a catheter into the left ventricle, infarct size was calculated using the method of TTC staining, myocardial capillary density was determined by immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal anti-CD(31)/PECAM-1 antibody, and VEGF protein level was determined by Western blot analysis. At 3 days after LAD ligation, the infarct size of the HMI group was significantly smaller than that of the CMI group (26 +/- 2.5% vs. 38 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). The heart function parameters including left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), +dP/dt(max) and -dP/dt(max) were significantly improved in the HMI group compared to the CMI group at 3 and 7 days after LAD occlusion. Capillary density and VEGF protein levels were significantly increased in the ischemic myocardium pre-exposed to HBO. We conclude that HBO preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia in rat model.     

白藜芦醇甙对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

本文利用冠脉结扎/放松方法和Langendorff灌注技术,建立在体和离体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)损伤模型,探讨白藜芦醇甙(polydatin)对大鼠I/R心肌损伤的保护作用及其机制.观察白藜芦醇甙对缺血和再灌注心律失常、心肌梗死面积、心脏收缩功能、心肌超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、NO含量以及一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的影响.结果显示:与对照组相比,白藜芦醇甙组大鼠缺血和再灌注心律失常明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌梗死面积显著减少(P相似文献   

The Effect of Orexin-A on Cardiac Dysfunction Mediated by NADPH Oxidase-Derived Superoxide Anion in Ventrolateral Medulla

Hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons, located in the perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) and projecting to the brain sites of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), involve in the increase of sympathetic activity, thereby regulating cardiovascular function. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O₂ ⁻) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. The results showed that the expressions of OXA in LHA and orexin 1 receptor (OX₁R) increased in RVLM of AMI rats. The double immunofluorescent staining indicated that OX₁R positive cells and NAD(P)H oxidative subunit gp91phox or p47phox-immunoreactive (IR) cells were co-localized in RVLM. Microinjection of OXA into the cerebral ventricle significantly increased O₂ ⁻ production and mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits when compared with aCSF-treated ones. Exogenous OXA administration in RVLM produced pressor and tachycardiac effects. Furthermore, the antagonist of OX₁R and OX₂R (SB-408124 and TCS OX2 29, respectively) or apocynin (APO), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, partly abolished those cardiovascular responses of OXA. HRV power spectral analysis showed that exogenous OXA led to decreased HF component of HRV and increased LF/HF ratio in comparison with aCSF, which suggested that OXA might be related to sympathovagal imbalance. As indicated by the results, OXA might participate in the central regulation of cardiovascular activities by disturbing the sympathovagal balance in AMI, which could be explained by the possibility that OXR and NAD(P)H-derived O₂ ⁻ in RVLM mediates OXA-induced cardiovascular responses.     

Cardioprotection of electroacupuncture against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulation of cardiac norepinephrine release

Augmentation of cardiac sympathetic tone during myocardial ischemia has been shown to increase myocardial O(2) demand and infarct size as well as induce arrhythmias. We have previously demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) inhibits the visceral sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of EA on left ventricular (LV) function, O(2) demand, infarct size, arrhythmogenesis, and in vivo cardiac norepinephrine (NE) release in a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model. Anesthetized rabbits (n = 36) underwent 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 90 min of reperfusion. We evaluated myocardial O(2) demand, infarct size, ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial NE release using microdialysis under the following experimental conditions: 1) untreated, 2) EA at P5-6 acupoints, 3) sham acupuncture, 4) EA with pretreatment with naloxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist), 5) EA with pretreatment with chelerythrine (a nonselective PKC inhibitor), and 6) EA with pretreatment with both naloxone and chelerythrine. Compared with the untreated and sham acupuncture groups, EA resulted in decreased O(2) demand, myocardial NE concentration, and infarct size. Furthermore, the degree of ST segment elevation and severity of LV dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The cardioprotective effects of EA were partially blocked by pretreatment with naloxone or chelerythrine alone and completely blocked by pretreatment with both naloxone and chelerythrine. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of EA against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion are mediated through inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system as well as opioid and PKC-dependent pathways.     

猪冠状动脉前降支结扎位点和左室功能的线性回归

目的探讨猪冠状动脉前降支(LAD)结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数的关系,以期指导研究者能够根据急性心肌梗死模型的心功能要求选择合适的LAD结扎百分位点。方法将47只小型猪开胸结扎心脏LAD中远段约30%~75%的不同百分位点,分别于术前、术后1 h心脏超声检查左室射血分数(LVEF),术后3 d进行常规冠状动脉造影,4周处死测量前降支结扎位点和梗死体积,最后用简单直线回归模型分析LAD结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数回归方程和相关系数。结果47例动物手术过程中死亡8只,剩余39只存活动物冠状动脉造影均显示LAD中远段结扎部位处完全闭塞,表明手术成功。LAD结扎百分位点和术后1 h LVEF、术后1 hLVEF下降值、梗死心肌体积均明显相关(相关系数r分别为0.87、0.78和0.90,P均<0.001),其回归方程分别为:术后LVEF(%)=65.88-0.55x结扎百分位点;术后LVEF下降值(%)=0.12 0.59x结扎百分位点;心肌梗死体积(%)=0.53x结扎百分位点-5.43。结论猪LAD结扎百分位点和术后左室功能、梗死心肌体积均存在显著的相关性,可根据实验目的和对心功能的要求选择合适的结扎百分位点。     

Post-infarct treatment with [Pyr1]-apelin-13 reduces myocardial damage through reduction of oxidative injury and nitric oxide enhancement in the rat model of myocardial infarction

Apelin is a newly discovered peptide that has been recently shown to have cardioprotective effects in the animal model of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long term cardioprotective effect of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 in the rat model of MI. Male Wistar rats (n = 22) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham operated group (2) control MI group and (3) MI treated with apelin (MI-AP group). MI animals were subjected to 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation and 14 days of reperfusion. 24 h after LAD ligation, apelin (10 nmol/kg/day) was administered i.p. for 5 days. Blood sampling was performed at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after MI for determination of serum changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Myocardial infarct size (IS) and hemodynamic function were also measured at the end of the study at day 14. We found out that post infarct treatment with apelin decreases infarct size, serum levels of LDH, CK-MB and MDA and increases heart rate and serum level of NO in the consecutive days, but there were no significant differences in blood pressure in the MI-AP group in comparison with MI. In conclusion, apelin has long term cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction through attenuation of cardiac tissue injury and lipid peroxidation and enhancement of NO production.