冬虫夏草分子遗传的研究进展

冬虫夏草是一种名贵的药用真菌,由于其多功能的药用价值而成为各国研究的热点。本文对冬虫夏草遗传多样性、冬虫夏草系统发生、冬虫夏草的酶和文库的研究做了综述,并对冬虫夏草的研究做了展望。     

虫草多糖研究综述

虫草是我国特有的名贵药用真菌 ,其主要活性物质虫草多糖近年来受到科学工作者的普遍关注并做了大量实验研究。主要从虫草多糖分子结构鉴定 ,深层发酵工艺 ,药理功能等几个方面对近些年来取得的成果作简要概述。     

鹿茸数量性状遗传的初步研究

梅花鹿(Cervus nippon Temminck)是珍贵的药用动物,其主产品鹿茸是名贵的滋补药品。我国驯养梅花鹿有着悠久的历史,并积累了丰富的经验。但对梅花鹿鹿茸数量性状遗传的研究很少。本文就作者在灌县养鹿场工作中的观测资料,对梅花鹿的鹿茸数量性状遗传特性做了初步研究。     

天麻6个品种重要性状比较分析

天麻球茎具有很高的药用和保健价值,是主产于中国的传统常用名贵中药,也是出口创汇的重要药材。中国境内有红天麻、乌天麻、绿天麻、黄天麻、鄂天麻1号、鄂天麻2号等6个栽培品种。将其主要生物性状及品质性状等列表比较分析,以便识别引种、适地适麻,提高效益。     

珍稀药用石斛内生菌研究进展

药用石斛是我国传统名贵中药材,具有重要的药用价值,由于人为和环境等因素,药用石斛资源已变得极其匮乏,难以满足市场的需求。药用石斛内生菌资源丰富,在与宿主石斛长期共生的过程中,对药用石斛的生长发育、环境的适应、活性代谢产物的积累等方面具有很强的促进作用。深入研究药用石斛内生菌及其与宿主的关系,对药用石斛生产、资源保护与利用有着重要意义。本文简要概述了药用石斛内生菌资源及其生物学功能,并探讨了存在的问题和未来发展方向,以期为药用石斛内生菌的开发与利用提供参考。     

冬虫夏草菌生长条件的初步研究

冬虫夏草[Cordyceps Sinensis (Berk.)Sacc.],通称虫草,是我国名贵的真菌药物和高级滋补品。主要产于青海、西藏、四川等地区的高原或高山地带。繁殖生长在海拔3000m以上至雪线附近的高山灌丛和高山草甸带。甘肃陇南山区的高山亦有虫草出产,其质量较好,药用年代久远。近些年来国内外对虫草的研究较多。目前随着对冬虫夏草需求量     

冬虫夏草——科研创新成就的新型产业

正冬虫夏草是仅产自于青藏高原的我国传统珍稀名贵药用真菌,有限的自然资源和巨大的市场需求矛盾十分突出。经过几十年的科学研究,冬虫夏草生态繁育技术瓶颈取得突破,实现了产业化繁育。本专辑是继2016年《菌物学报》"冬虫夏草专刊"对这一成就进行总结的基础上,对冬虫夏草品质、加工工艺、活性组分、药理活性等进一步的总结报道。"冬虫夏草专辑"对冬虫夏草进行了系统的本草考证和相关术语的规范,为冬虫夏草正本清源提供了     

我国药用红树植物

红树植物的药用价值逐渐被世界各地的科学家所认识,相关的研究也正在成为热点。其实,我国红树林生长地区的居民一直在用红树植物治疗一些疾病,红树药用资源也十分丰富,绝大多数药用红树植物在我国都能找到。比如前文提到的海漆、老鼠勒,此外还有角果木、银叶树等等。     

云南紫草资源的开发利用

一、引言紫草系紫草科的一种常用中草药,药用部位为根。最早载于《神农本草经》,用于防治麻疹。现代药理研究表明,其主要有效成分为其所含的紫草宁及其衍生物,除供药用外还广泛用于食品和化妆品中。由于大量采挖,栽培困难,紫草资源日趋减少,供不应求。云南紫草资源十分丰富,本文就云南紫草资源分布、利用现状以及开发对策等方面作了初步探讨,供大家参考。     

金钗石斛倍半萜类成分研究进展

金钗石斛为传统名贵中药,药用历史悠久。现代研究发现金钗石斛中含有倍半萜类、茋类、黄酮类、以及多糖等多种化学成分,其中倍半萜类报道较多,且以结构特殊的picrotoxane型为代表,同时发现金钗石斛倍半萜具有神经保护、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等方面的生理活性。因此,本文对金钗石斛中的倍半萜类成分进行总结归纳,为其进一步研究提供参考。     

人工培殖冬虫夏草D-甘露醇的含量测定

采用水提回流离心的方法,提取分离人工培殖冬虫夏草中D-甘露醇,用高碘酸钠与甘露醇反应产生黄色的3,5-二乙酰-1,4-脱氢二甲基吡啶,在波长412 nm处测定其最大吸收.甘露醇浓度在10～50 mg/L之间时,与吸光值(OD412)有良好线性关系,线性方程为C=79.172x-0.0713,相关系数r=0.9999.人工培殖冬虫夏草中D-甘露醇的含量分别为89.64 mg/g(2005年)、91.86 mg/g(2006年)、94.71 mg/g(2007年)、98.98 mg/g(2008年)、97.50 mg/g(2009年)、94.71 mg/g(野生)和96.84 mg/g(野生).人工培殖冬虫夏草与野生冬虫夏草D-甘露醇的含量基本相同.     

Determination of the anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis inferred from the analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rDNA

The anamorph determination of Cordyceps sinensis remains problematic due to the lack of clear links between the sexual and conidial forms of the fungus. In this study, we applied molecular approaches to analyze the genetic variation of Cordyceps sinensis and its allies to identify the anamorph-teleomorph connection. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene of Cordyceps sinensis (teleomorph) collected from Qingzang plateau (altitude over 4000m), Tibet and several related asexual conidial forms were determined. The sequence comparison showed that Cordyceps sinensis was most closely related to Hirsutella sinensis, and was clearly divergent from Paecilomyces sinensis, Stachybotrys sp. or Tolypocladium sp.; distance values, estimated according to Kimura two-parameter models between Cordyceps sinensis and Hirsutella sinensis, were extremely low (<0.02), whereas distance values between Cordyceps sinensis and Paecilomyces sinensis, Stachybotrys sp. and Tolypocladium sp. were 0.34, 0.21 and 0.25, respectively. Taken together, Hirsutella sinensis and Cordyceps sinensis are the different stages of the life cycle stages of the same organism. Hirsutella sinensis is therefore the anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis, rather than Paecilomyces sinensis or other species. The possible reasons as to why different taxa can be obtained when culturing Cordyceps sinensis are also discussed.     

冬虫夏草菌药理功能研究进展

名贵药用菌冬虫夏草有十分广泛的药理活性 ,可用于高血糖、高血脂、呼吸系统疾病和肾衰的治疗。近来的研究显示冬虫夏草可用于自体免疫系统疾病和癌症的治疗。冬虫夏草的研究正在迅速取得许多新进展。     

虫草对肺部疾病治疗的研究进展

肺纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病和哮喘是人类主要的呼吸系统疾病,它们均以肺部或呼吸道的慢性炎症为特征,当前的治疗方法尚不理想并伴随着很多的副作用,人们迫切需要一种更安全的替代疗法。冬虫夏草是我国传统的名贵药用真菌,被广泛用来治疗多种肺部疾病。近年来,冬虫夏草对肺部疾病治疗作用的研究取得了较大进展,本文综述了冬虫夏草、其无性型中国被毛孢(Hirsutella sinensis或Ophicordyceps sinensis)和其他相关虫草及其提取物对肺纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘等肺部疾病治疗作用的研究进展,并介绍了其作用机制的研究成果。     

Genetic variation of Cordyceps sinensis, a fruit-body-producing entomopathogenic species from different geographical regions in China

Cordyceps sinensis is one of the most valuable medicinal fungi in the Orient. It is naturally distributed in the eastern extension area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, at an altitude over 4000 m high. In order to investigate genetic variation and evolutionary relationships of C. sinensis from different geographical regions, 17 isolates of C. sinensis were collected from different provinces and the complete sequences of rDNA ITS were determined. On the basis of 5.8S rDNA and ITS region analysis, it was clearly shown that the ITS sequences within C. sinensis are highly homologous regardless of geographical origin. The distance values between the sequences in this study were lower than 0.03. This implied that C. sinensis from different geographic regions are the same species; they are not different species or a species complex. The results also showed that distance values between C. sinensis and Hirsutella sinensis are of the same order as those within C. sinensis from different geographic regions. This confirmed our previous results that C. sinensis should only have H. sinensis as its asexual stage whatever the geographic region from which the samples were collected. An rDNA ITS clone library was established to obtain further evidence for the interpretation of the fungal community structure from C. sinensis and to confirm the accuracy of the taxonomic identities produced by directly sequencing the rDNA ITS region. The discrimination between intraspecies of C. sinensis might provide additional data for the authentication of medicinal material at the species or intraspecies level.     

人工培养冬虫夏草研究

冬虫夏草 [Cordycepssinensis (Berk .)Sacc .]是名贵中药和珍稀滋补品 ,是由其无性型中国被毛孢 (Hir sutellasinensisX .J .Liu ,Y .L .Guo ,Y .X .Yu&W .Zeng)侵染蝠蛾属 (Hepialusspp .)幼虫形成的菌虫复合体 ,分布在我国青海、西藏、四川、云南和甘肃等地的海拨 35 0 0～ 5 0 0 0m高寒灌丛草甸。自 1980年至今持续进行冬虫夏草的人工培养研究 ,分离获得了冬虫夏草的无性型菌株 ,经鉴定为中国被毛孢新种 ,并对其进行了一系列培养试验 :在培养基上能产生子座 ;低海拔环境下规模化室内饲养寄主昆虫成功 ,人工条件下 1年可完成寄主昆虫一个生活周期 ,且幼虫个体大 ;室内人工培养冬虫夏草取得成功。     

古尼虫草核苷类成分的高效液相色谱分析*

以已知核苷为标样,并以冬虫夏草做对比,利用反相高效液相色谱法对古尼虫草及其发酵菌丝体的核苷类化学成分进行了分析,结果表明古尼虫草和冬虫夏草主要含有7种标样核苷中的腺苷、胞苷、尿苷,其含量相当,而古尼虫草发酵菌丝体中腺苷和尿苷的含量是古尼虫草子座或僵虫体的2~3倍。     

Host insect species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis: a review

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (≡ Cordyceps sinensis) is one of the most valued medicinal fungi in China, used for its invigorating effects in strengthening the body and restoring energy. The fungus parasitizes larvae of moths and converts them into sclerotia from which the fungus fruiting body grows. Since the late 1950s, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of host insects related to the fungus. In the present paper, the research history of insect species associated with Ophiocordyceps sinensis is briefly reviewed and an extensive literature survey is presented. Ninety-one insect names, spanning 13 genera, related to host insects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis are investigated. The relationships between the reported insect species and Ophiocordyceps sinensis are analyzed. Fifty-seven of these are considered as recognizable potential host species of the fungus distributed throughout the Tibetan Plateau, whilst eight are considered as indeterminate hosts and 26 as non-hosts. Among the names of recognizable potential host insects, three are invalid (nomen nudum) and require further study. This work provides basic information for management of the insect resources and for the conservation and sustainable use of Ophiocordyceps sinensis.     

冬虫夏草口服液游离氨基酸和微量元素的分析比较

目的：为了研究冬虫夏草口服液的有效成分和药用价值,测定冬虫夏草口服液中的游离氨基酸和微量元素的不同种类和含量。方法：采用安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪,C18反相柱梯度分离,邻苯二甲醛一芴甲酯柱前自动衍生化,利用已知浓度氨基酸标准品进行外标法定量,根据已知浓度氨基酸标准品的峰面积与样品峰面积之比计算游离氨基酸的含量。结果：冬虫夏草口服液中含有23种游离氨基酸和18种微量元素,氨基酸总量在口服液中占0．892％,必需氨基酸在游离氨基酸总量中占53．1％;含量最高的游离氨基酸依次是赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸。结论：游离氨基酸是冬虫夏草口服液中重要的生物有效成分,为冬虫夏草口服液的药效提供了基础数据。