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四种十字花科蔬菜上小菜蛾自然种群连续世代生命表 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
利用作用因子生命表技术,组建芥菜、芥蓝、小白菜和菜心4种十字花科蔬菜上小菜蛾自然种群连续世代生命表,分析寄主植物和生物因子对小菜蛾种群数量的控制作用。结果表明:在4种十字花科蔬菜的一造菜上,小菜蛾均能完成两个世代。虽然小菜蛾在芥菜上的初始卵量最高,但害虫种群总增长倍数在芥蓝上最高,其次为小白菜,菜心和芥菜,分别为17.64、11.90、11.43和3.76。这说明尽管芥菜对小菜蛾成虫的产卵有一定的吸引作用,但不适合小菜蛾生长发育。芥蓝是最适宜小菜蛾种群增长的寄主。生物因子在小菜蛾自然种群控制中起着重要的作用,但是在不同种类十字花科蔬菜上,天敌类群对小菜蛾控制作用存在一定差异。除芥菜之外,寄生性天敌对芥蓝、菜心和小白菜上的小菜蛾种群控制作用最大,其次为“捕食及其它”,病原微生物的控制作用最小。“捕食及其它”对芥菜上小菜蛾种群的作用非常明显,如果排除此因子作用,小菜蛾种群两代后将增长126.03倍。该因子是导致芥菜小菜蛾自然种群增长趋势指数低的主要原因。因此在制定小菜蛾防治策略时,应考虑蔬菜的种类和布局,加大对芥蓝小菜蛾种群的防治力度;芥菜可作为一种诱杀植物种植,以吸引小菜蛾产卵,并集中防治。这些防治策略在小菜蛾综合治理中具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
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1引言
小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)是十字花科蔬菜的一种重要害虫.20世纪70年代以来,化学杀虫剂的大量使用和抗性的产生.使小菜蛾成为南亚、东南亚和中国南方蔬菜生产中最为严重的害虫[8,22].因此,寻求安全有效的生物防治措施是防治小菜蛾的必要途径[23].赤眼蜂(Trichogramma)是一类多食性的卵寄生蜂,近百年来已被成功地用于防治为害多种作物及森林的害虫[21],但研究和利用赤眼蜂防治小菜蛾只有10来年的历史[12,23]. 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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