葛枣猕猴桃果实形态及营养成分含量分析

猕猴桃属（Actinidia Lindl.）植物大多具有较高的经济价值,该属植物的果实以富含维生素、酸甜可口且风味特异而著称。葛枣猕猴桃也Actinidia polygama （Sieb. et Zucc.） Maxim.页俗称葛枣子、木天蓼,为猕猴桃属多年生落叶藤本植物,分布范围较广。其果实既可直接食用,也可酿酒、榨汁或制作干果;叶和芽则可制茶饮用;果实、茎和叶还具有较高的药用价值。此外,葛枣猕猴桃果实具有降血压及抗氧化等功能,果实提取物还能致某些癌细胞死亡。目前,关于其果实营养成分及矿质元素含量方面的研究甚少。     

软枣猕猴桃茎次生维管组织的解剖研究

本文对长白山的软枣猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta(Sieb et Zucc.)Planch ex Miquel)茎的次生维管组织进行了比较详细的解剖研究。结果表明其木材为半环孔材,次生木质部中导管底壁倾斜具梯状穿孔板;木薄壁组织丰富,发现其中不仅有离管型,而且也有傍管型。这就为猕猴桃科(Actini-diaceae)植物的木薄壁组织增添了一种新类型。木射线为异形Ⅰ及异形Ⅱ,并具连接木射线。经研究确认其次生韧皮部的筛管属典型的双子叶木本植物型,其特征为筛管具复筛板,无伴胞。同时本文与本属的其它种也作了比较分析,为其营养繁殖时不定根、不定芽的产生提供了理论依据,同时也为野生果树资源研究者提供一份有关软枣猕猴桃茎次生维管组织研究的新资料。     

基于ISSR标记的猕猴桃品种 遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

采用ISSR标记对中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)、美味猕猴桃〔A.chinensis var.deliciosa(A.Chev.)A.Chev.〕、软枣猕猴桃〔A.arguta(Sieb.et Zucc.)Planch.ex Miq.〕和毛花猕猴桃(A.eriantha Benth.)的32个样本进行了遗传多样性分析,并以ISSR标记为基础构建了DNA指纹图谱.结果表明:筛选的10个多态性高且条带清晰的引物共扩增出200个条带(位点),其中,多态性位点195个,多态性位点百分率(PPL)达97.50%;各引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)以及供试样本的观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon's多样性指数(I)的总均值分别为0.9080、1.9800、1.3569、0.2255和0.3613,4个猕猴桃种间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.4146,基因流(Nm)为0.7059,且32个样本间的Na、Ne、H和I值差异极显著(P<0.001).供试32个样本间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.5650~0.9650,平均值为0.7164;基于GS值进行UPGMA聚类分析,在GS值为0.76处将32个样本分为4组,基本对应供试的4个猕猴桃种类,其中,第Ⅰ组的大多数样本属于美味猕猴桃品种,第Ⅱ组的样本均属于中华猕猴桃品种,第Ⅲ组的样本属于毛花猕猴桃品种,第Ⅳ组的样本均属于软枣猕猴桃品种.分子方差分析结果表明:4个猕猴桃的种间变异占总变异的40.84%,种内变异占总变异的59.16%.研究结果表明:供试的猕猴桃品种间遗传分化程度较高,基因交流频率较低,且总遗传变异的近60%存在于种内,说明供试的猕猴桃品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性.另外,根据10个ISSR引物的扩增结果,筛选出引物UBC818、UBC824、UBC854和UBC895扩增的15个多态性位点构建的DNA指纹图谱可用于供试32个猕猴桃样本的鉴定.     

猕猴桃属植物狗枣子(Actinidia kolomikta ( Maxim. & Rupr. )Maxim.)的生态地理分布及其植物地理学意义

作者认为狗枣子(Actinidia kolomikta ( Maxim. & Rupr. ) Maxim.)是一个多型的、具有两个间断布区的适应于地带性针阔叶混交林生境的猕猴桃属植物.文中还根据狗枣子的生态地理分布特征,认为狗枣子的现代中国西南--东北亚间断分布的格局是东亚第三纪以来气候回旋变化的结果所造成的.狗枣子原始分布区(中国西南高山)受气候回旋变化的胁迫衍生出次生的东北亚分布区.由于气候的振荡变化,水平方向上原有的连续分布区逐渐断裂而形成现代的间断分布格局.据此文中还指出,狗枣子分布区的这种传播扩散模式在东亚湿润季风区植物的散布与现代分布格局的形成方面具有普遍意义.     

江西猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的分布及其区系特征

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本、文献,对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布和区系特征进行了系统研究。江西省境内分布有猕猴桃属植物20种和11变种(或变型),其中葛枣猕猴桃(Actinidia polygama (Sieb．et Zucc．)Maxim．)、灰毛猕猴桃(A．cinerascens C．F．Liang)、楔叶猕猴桃(A.fasciculoides var. cuneata C.F.Lang)和簇花猕猴桃(A．fasciculoides C．F．Liang)为江西新分布。江西猕猴桃属植物区系特征表现在：(1)种类丰富;(2)特有现象较明显;(3)多型性突出;(4)地理成分复杂,以中国特有分布式样为主;(5)种间、种内分化较强烈;(6)与邻近地区猕猴桃属植物的关系密切。还对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布与自然生境的关系进行了探讨。     

不同贮藏温度对软枣猕猴桃‘猕枣1号’果实品质和贮藏性的影响

为了探究不同贮藏温度对软枣猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta(Sieb.&Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.)品种‘猕枣1号’采后生理、品质和贮藏性的影响,比较分析了‘猕枣1号’果实在常温贮藏(20℃,85%相对湿度)和低温贮藏(1.5℃,90%相对湿度)过程中果实硬度、无损压力硬度、可溶性固形物、失重率、可溶性总糖、总酸和维生素C等指标的变化,同时对低温贮藏6周结束时和转入20℃货架期3 d后的果实贮藏病害进行了评价。结果显示,贮藏温度对果实软化和贮藏期限、失重率、内在品质均有较大影响。在20℃贮藏过程中,果实软化较快,贮藏7 d后果实可食,贮藏12 d后果实过熟;果实失重率和可溶性总糖含量均随贮藏时间的延长而逐渐增加,至12 d时分别达到7.17%和9.60%;而总酸和维生素C含量在贮藏前期基本稳定。在1.5℃贮藏过程中,果实软化较慢,至贮藏4周后才开始快速软化,至6周时果实硬度仍有4.60 N,但是20℃货架3 d后果实过熟;果实日失重速率远低于常温贮藏,以致于贮藏6周后果实失重率仅为3.0%;可溶性总糖变化与常温下相似,但货架结束后的总糖含量(10.73...     

44卷拉丁名索引

AAbelia R. Br. 467 chinensis R. Br. 467, 469 serrata Sieb. & Zucc. 467, 469 spathulata Sieb. & Zucc. 467, 468, 469 tetrasepala (Koidz.) Hara & Kurosawa 469 Abies Mill. fargesii Franch. 86, 88 Acanthephippium Bl. ex Endl. sylhetense Lindl. 472 Acanthopanax Miq. evodiifolius Franch. 710 Acer L. davidii Franch. 469 Achlaena Griseb. 213 Achlys DC. 243, 250, 253 triphylla (Sm.) DC. 250 Aconitum L. 4, 8, 37, 363, 725 alboviolaceum Kom. 9, 36 anthoroideum DC. 28 austroyunnanense…     

广东省种子植物新资料

报道广东省种子植物分布新记录8种(变种)：金缕梅Hamamelis mollis Oliver、剪红纱花Lychnis senno Sieb. et Zucc.、井冈寒竹Gelidocalamus stellatus Wen、沙氏鹿茸草Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim.、黔岭淫羊藿Epimedium leptorrhizum Stearn、三腺金丝桃Triadenum breviflorum (Wall. ex Dyer) Y. Kimura、华东野核桃Juglans cathayensis Dode var. formosana (Hayata) A. M. Lu et R. H, Chang、伏生紫堇Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers.。其中,金缕梅属、剪秋罗属、三腺金丝桃属为广东新记录属。     

美味猕猴桃一新变种

<正> 彩色猕猴桃 新变种 图版1 Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. coloris T. H. Lin et X. Y. Xiong, var. nov. A var. deliciosa pilis duris ramorum auctis nimis atrorobris, fructibus ovoideis 2.5—3 cm in diametro minoribus generatim, partibus carpellorum ad columnas sanquineis differt.     

基于EST数据库进行SNP分子标记开发的研究进展及在猕猴桃属植物中的应用研究

对基于EST数据库开发SNP标记的特点、开发策略等进行了综述,并介绍了在中华猕猴桃复合体(Actinidia chinesis Planch.)中开发EST-SNP的基本思路和初步结果,为后续分子实验验证及其在自然居群中的应用奠定基础,并为其它相关物种的EST-SNP分子标记开发提供借鉴.     

Chromosome Numbers of 10 Species and 3 Varieties in Actinidia Lindl.

Somatic chromosome numbers of 10 species and 3 varieties in Actinidia Lindl. are reported for the first time, except A. polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. Two ploidy levels, diploid and tetraploid, are found both in A. polygama and A. kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim. Chromosome numbers are listed as follows: A. kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim. 2n=58, 116, A. polygama (Sieb. et Zucc. Maxim. 2n=58, 116, A. macrosperma Liang 2n=116, A. callosa var. henryi Maxim. 2n=116, A. callosa var. discoler Liang 2n =116, A. cylindrica Liang 2n=58, A. chrysantha Liang 2n=116, A. sabiaefolia Dunn 2n= 58, A. melliana Hand.-Mazz. 2n=58, A. hemsleyana Dunn 2n=58, A. fulvicoma var. lanata (Hemsl.) Liang 2n=58, A. latifolia (Gardn. et Champ.) Merr. 2n=58, and A. lanceolata Dunn 2n=58.     

赤车属(荨麻科)四种植物的订正

根据对赤车属植物标本的研究,将小赤车归并入短叶赤车,小异被赤车归并入异被赤车,海南赤车归并入滇南赤车,长茎赤车归并入赤车。     

江苏省维管植物分布新记录(四)

结合《江苏植物志》(增订版)的修订,作者及同事对江苏省境内的植物进行了补充调查,发现了一些江苏植物区系中的新记录科、属和种。续前文[1-3],本文对分布于苏南(南京、宜兴、溧阳、苏州)和苏北(徐州、连云港、盱眙、盐城)等地新记录的4科6属6种进行了报道。其中,新记录科为胡椒科     

A NATURE PRINT OF PETASITES JAPONICUS SUBSP. GIGANTEUS

Summary.  A very large nature print of Petasites japonicus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. subsp. giganteus Kitam., executed by Professor Keisuke Ito, was recently rediscovered in the collections of the Library, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The subject of nature prints is discussed, as are attempts to reproduce such a print, and a short discourse on the artist, Prof. Ito, is given. The confusing taxonomic history of Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus is discussed. The plant is described and illustrated along with notes on its distribution and ecology; cultivation notes and indications of current uses are provided.     

东北典型森林土壤呼吸的模拟——IBIS模型的局域化应用

集成生物圈模拟器(IBIS)将陆地生态系统的生态学过程与相关的生物物理和生理学过程统一起来,代表了生态系统碳循环模拟模型的研究方向。将IBIS-2.6进行适当改造用于中国东北地区的6种典型森林类型(红松林、落叶松林、杨桦林、硬阔叶林、蒙古栎林和杂木林)的土壤呼吸、根际呼吸和异养呼吸估算,并以实测数据作验证。2004-2005年土壤呼吸、根际呼吸和异养呼吸年通量的模拟结果与实测值吻合较好,模拟偏差变动范围分别为:-5%-21%、-2%-16%和-16%-45%。土壤呼吸模拟值与实测值之间的差异不显著(P0.05),两者间的相关系数以杂木林最低(0.362)、硬阔叶林最高(0.917)。除了春末夏初的土壤呼吸迅速升高过程外,模型能较好的捕捉土壤呼吸的季节动态。研究为IBIS模型的局域化应用奠定了基础,并表明经过改造的IBIS可以用于特定的森林生态系统水平的土壤呼吸模拟估测。     

中国东北样带树种(属)的空间特性及变化

The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.     

Characteristic Change of Several Forest Landscapes Between 1896 and 1986 in Heilongjiang Province

The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.     

中国东北样带树种（属）的空间特性及变化

对中国东北样带上１６个树种（属）在１９８６年与１９９４年景观水平的地理分布、出现频率、优势度及空间相关性等空间特性的分析得出,红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｌｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．）与花曲柳（Ｆｒａｘｉｎｕｓ ｒｈｙｎｃｈｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）分别是向西和向东扩展最快;种群的分布边界形态与该边界的移动有密切关系;红松、山杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａ Ｄｏｄｅ．）、黄檗     

福建种子植物地理分布新记录

报导了福建种子植物地理分布新记录种10个、属2个,其中华东地理分布新记录种有2个(全部标本存放于华东师范大学生物系标本室)     

Population dynamics of four understorey shrub species in beech forest

Question: In the population dynamics of four understorey shrub species (Hp, Hydrangea paniculata Sieb, et Zucc.; Lu, Lindera umbellata Thunb. var. membranacea (Maxim.) Momiyama; Ms, Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb, et Zucc.) Maxim.; Vf, Viburnum furcatum Blume ex Maxim.), (1) What is the relative importance of seedling regeneration versus vegetative growth? (2) Can these shrubs persist stably for a long time in the understorey? (3) What kind of variation in demographic features is observed among these shrubs? Location: 780m a.s.l., north‐eastern Japan. Methods: Population dynamics were analyzed by using stage‐classified matrix models. Models were mainly constructed from five years stem‐census data, including current‐year seedlings and sprouts. Results: Current‐year sprouts emerged every year in every species. Current‐year seedlings emerged every year in Lu and Vf, but densities were very low. In every species, population growth rate (A) was close to the equilibrium value 1.0 and no statistical difference was found among species. The stable stage‐distribution predicted from the matrix model was similar to the observed distribution for Lu, Ms and Vf, but much different for Hp. Elasticity matrix was also similar among Lu, Ms and Vf, but was quite different for Hp. Conclusions: Lu, Ms and Vf were considered as climax shrubs that can regenerate and maintain their population stably in the understorey, even if canopy gaps form infrequently. Hp is a pioneer shrub that require more frequent formation of canopy gaps for long‐term persistence in the understorey.