鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp．）营养成分分析

研究分析了混合鱼腥藻粉的营养成分,结果表明混合鱼腥藻粉蛋白质含量为４０．５％;氨基酸组成符合联合国粮农卫生组织（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ）规定的标准;并含有较丰富的糖类、脂肪酸、无机元素和色素。证实了鱼腥藻可以作为蛋白饲料资源开发和利用。     

鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp．)营养成分分析

研究分析了混合鱼腥藻粉的营养成分,结果表明混合鱼腥藻粉蛋白质含量为４０．５％;氨基酸组成符合联合国粮农卫生组织规定的标准;并含有较丰富的糖类、脂肪酸、无机元素和色素。证实了鱼腥藻可以作为蛋白饲料资源开发和利用。     

中华植生藻的大量培养与营养成分分析

中华植生藻(Richelia sinica)是最近分离和培养发现的一个蓝藻新种,它具有能固氮、生长快、培养方法简便,蛋白含量高等特性。为进一步证实中华植生藻的应用价值与前景,对该藻进行了大量培养研究,并对其营养成分进行了分析。为开发利用中华植生藻作为一种新的微藻蛋白资源提供依据。     

第二固氮系统在蓝细菌红萍鱼腥藻中的发现

人们一般认为金属钼是生物固氮必需的条件,钼是固氮酶的主要催化活性的组成部分。早先一些学者曾研究以钒、锰代替钼的氮固定作用,到1980年美国的Bishop等人首先提出棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)具有不含铝的第二固氮系统。通过棕色固氮菌缺失编码固氮酶蛋白基因突变株研究发现,该菌株并不失去     

多变鱼腥藻在不同氮源培养条件下光能转换效率的研究

依公式PE=KY,其中K等于生物量的热值(每克干重千卡),Y等于产率即每吸收千卡光能所产生的生物量的干重,测试了在无氮和有结合氮培养下的多变鱼腥藻(Anabaena variabilis)的光能转化效率。结果指出在无氮培养下的最高PEN2为8．1％,在结合氮(NH4Cl)培养下PENH =4+为5.8％。对这种差异性作了简要讨论。     

多变鱼腥藻在不同氮源培养条件下光能转换效率的研究

依公式PE=KY,其中K等于生物量的热值(每克干重千卡),Y等于产率即每吸收千卡光能所产生的生物量的干重,测试了在无氮和有结合氮培养下的多变鱼腥藻(Anabaena variabilis)的光能转化效率。结果指出在无氮培养下的最高PE_(N2)为8.1%,在结合氮(NH_4Cl)培养下PE_(NH_4~ )为5.8%。对这种差异性作了简要讨论。     

转基因鱼腥藻培养中培养液吸光度与生物量的关系

对转基因鱼腥藻Anabaena sp.PCC7120,培养液的吸光特性进行了研究,在可见光范围内,有5个吸收峰,波长分别为345nm,410nm,440nm,635nm,685nm,其中440nm是最大吸收波长,一定稀释度范围内,在各波长下,培养液中藻干重与吸光度均成正比,但不同培养基其干重－吸光度标准曲线不同,实验得到不同培养基的标准曲线,证明可以用比浊法测定转基因鱼腥灌培养过程的生物量。     

多变鱼腥藻藻胆体的分离和荧光鉴定其完整性与解离程度

完整藻胆体的室温荧光峰位于678nm附近,而不完整藻胆体其峰位于673nm以下。在液氮温度下,完整藻胆体的F686与F666相对荧光强度比值超过10,F686与F655之比值超过20。不完整藻胆体的F686与F666和F686与F655之比值远低于完整藻胆体。可用室温荧光峰的波长位置和液氮温度下F686与F655和F666的相对荧光强度比值来判断藻胆体的完整性和解离程度。而液氮温度下F686与F655,F666之比值是更灵敏的指标。     

满江红鱼腥藻glnA启动区的克隆及在烟草中的活性表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术获得满江红鱼腥藻ｇｌｎＡ启动区,经克隆测序后构成谷氨酰胺合成酶基因启动子驱动的ＧＵＳ基因表达载体用基因枪经,将表达载体导入烟草中,在其叶片和茎中检测到ＧＵＳ活性,而在烟草根中未见表达。实验结果对真核生物与原核生物间基因表达调控、转录因子识别的研究以及构建衫载体具有一定价值。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)基因在鱼腥藻中的克隆

为了将rhG-CSF基因在鱼腥藻PCC 7120中克隆,用于制备口服制剂,利用DNA重组技术,在不改变阅读杠的前提下,将hG-CSF基因进行突变,并插入到pUC-19载体上,构建中间载体pUC=G-CSF;将pUC-G-CSF插入到pRL-489的启动子PpsbA的下游,构建穿梭表达载体pRL-G-CSF;通过三亲接合转移方法,将pRL-G-CSF转入丝状体蓝藻鱼腥藻PCC 7120内。本试验得到了有抗生素性的鱼腥藻,并用PCR技术检测到rhG-CSF基因在转基因鱼腥藻中存在。     

固氮鱼腥藻的蛋白水解酶及其部分性质的研究

应用溶菌酶处理,超声破碎细胞,通过差异离心和解离剂处理,将细胞的不同部分分开。以水解α-酪蛋白反应检测蛋白水解酶活性,结果表明,在细胞的可溶部分、内细胞质膜、外膜及胞浆周围区均存在蛋白水解酶活性。异形胞可溶部分的蛋白酶活比营养细胞可溶的蛋白酶活高4—5倍。在固氮条件下,营养细胞可溶性蛋白酶反应最适温度为50—55℃,65℃时,酶活迅速下降。有Ca^2 5mmol／l时,蛋白酶在60℃稳定,无Ca^2 存在下,酶液在60℃预处理10分钟,酶活性丧失80％以上。酶反应的最适pH为8—10。而且氮饥饿之后,培养基的pH值对细胞蛋白酶活水平有明显影响,氮饥饿24小时内,蛋白酶活迅速增加,但在碱性条件下,酶活水平比在中性条件下要高得多。邻菲哕啉对蛋白酶活性有严重的抑制,EDTA仅有轻微抑制,而PMSF对细胞蛋白酶活的抑制作用,与细胞氮饥饿时间有关。     

两性绵霉菌生物量生产的营养需求和发酵条件的研究

对两性绵霉菌(Achlya ambisexualis)生长所需的大量元素和微量元素进行了调查,在PYG培养基础上研制出ZJK培养基.两性绵霉菌在ZJK液体培养基中的倍增时间为3.5小时,产生的生物量约5.5g/L,为PYG的3倍,体积生产率为0.073g/(L·h),为PYG的2倍.最适生长温度为29℃.最适pH为6.5,pH8时孢子萌发被完全抑制.采用pH6.5控制的生物量培养,碳素和氮素转化率明显提高,分别为47.1%和64.8%,体积生产率比非pH控制的分批培养提高50%.在20L发酵罐中,生长稳定期的氧摄取速率为7.0-8.8mol/(L·h).采用分批补料发酵法,生物量达到15g/L.     

EFFECT OF CULTURE AND BLOOM DEVELOPMENT AND OF SAMPLE STORAGE ON PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONS IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS

Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) were detected in 24 of 31 bloom samples dominated by the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst, collected from across Austraia. The ability to produce PSPs has been maintained in everal non-axenic strains of A. circinalis kept in culture, whereas strains that were non-toxin-producing when isolated have remained as such. PSPs were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the structures were confirmed by electrospray mass spectroscopy. The concentration of toxins in PSP positive samples ranged from 50 to 3400 μg.g^-1 dry weight. Toxin profiles were always dominated by the N-sulfocarbamoyl-11-hydroxysulfate C toxins, C1 and C2 (44–85 mol%), with the remainder consisting of gonyautoxins-2, −3, and −5, decarbamoylgonyautoxins-2 and −3, saxitoxin, and decarbamoylraxitoxin. N₁-_-hydroxy PSPs, commonly found in marine dinoflagellates, were absent, suggesting that A. circinalis lacks the enzyme responsible for N₁-_-hydroxylation. On a dry weight basis, the amount of toxin in cultured Anabaena circinalis (strain ACMB06)rose significantly (P < 0.05)over time from 570 to 3400 μg.g.^-1 cells in late stationary phase. However, there was no significant trend in cellular toxin quota (toxin per cell) over the life of the culture; this may be explained by variation in cell mass. On average, batch cultures of Anabaena circinalis contained 19% extracellular toxin, which increased slightly over the growth cycle and had a composition similar to that of the intracellular toxins. As cultures aged, the formation of decarbamoyl toxins and increases in theα-/β-epimer ratios of C toxins and gonyautoxins were observed. The variation in these components during stationary phase in culture was sufficient to explain the variation in relative PSP composition observed among natural bloom samples. Because decarbamoylgonyautoxins are much more toxic than C toxins on a molar basis, these transformations also lead to an increase in toxicity of the sample or bloom over time. The transformations of PSPs, which occur during aging and sample storage, render the comparison of PSPs by HPLC unreliable for phenotyping Anabaena circinalis, unless strains are cultured, harvested, and analyzed under standard conditions.     

POLYPHASIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE STRAINS OF ANABAENA RENIFORMIS AND APHANIZOMENON APHANIZOMENOIDES (CYANOBACTERIA) AND THEIR RECLASSIFICATION TO SPHAEROSPERMUM GEN. NOV. (INCL. ANABAENA KISSELEVIANA)1

Occurrences of rare cyanobacteria Anabaena reniformis Lemmerm. and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides (Forti) Horecká et Komárek were recently detected at several localities in the Czech Republic. Two monoclonal strains of An. reniformis and one strain of Aph. aphanizomenoides were isolated from distant localities and different sampling years. They were characterized by a combination of morphological, genetic, and biochemical approaches. For the first time, partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for these morphospecies. Based on this gene, all of these strains clustered separately from other planktonic Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strains. They appeared in a cluster with Cylindrospermopsis Seenaya et Subba Raju and Raphidiopsis F. E. Fritsch et M. F. Rich, clustered closely together with two An. kisseleviana Elenkin strains available from GenBank. A new generic entity was defined (Sphaerospermum gen. nov., with the type species S. reniforme, based on the traditional species An. reniformis). These results contribute significantly to the knowledge base about genetic heterogeneity among planktonic Anabaena–like and Aphanizomenon–like morphospecies. Accordingly, the subgenus Dolichospermum, previously proposed for the group of planktonic Anabaena, should be revaluated. Secondary metabolite profiles of the An. reniformis and Aph. aphanizomenoides strains differed considerably from 17 other planktonic Anabaena strains of eight morphospecies isolated from Czech water bodies. Production of puwainaphycin A was found in both of the An. reniformis strains. Despite the relatively short phylogenetic distance from Cylidrospermopsis, the production of cylindrospermopsin was not detected in any of our strains.     

自然条件下大针茅草原几种主要植物氮、磷、钾、铁含量的季节动态

1．禾草与非禾草植物粗蛋白质含磷量季节动态有共同趋势。在生长期5—10月有两个高峰值,即双峰型,第一次是返青后,另一次是雨季后。其含量的动态特征与其生长发育节律有关。由于降水影响其生长发育节律,故含量动态与气候条件有关。植物中粗蛋白质含量与含磷量成直线回归关系。 2．禾草与非禾草植物灰分含量动态有不同特点。禾草植物灰分含量为“浓缩型”,后期较高,但其变幅不像氮、磷那么大。而非禾单植物动态不甚明显。 3．目前这种季节打草所贮干草其含磷量缺乏是显而易见的。     

菌核菌生长和产生草酸的营养和环境条件研究

本研究探讨了培养基种类、酸碱度、温度对菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)菌丝生长(MG)和草酸累积(OA)的影响及MG和OA之间的动态变化过程。正交试验中,碳源为:琥珀酸钠-葡萄糖、蔗糖-马铃薯汁液和蔗糖的三种培养基中,OA量依次递减且差异显著。MG和OA成负相关关系。培养基的pH值是影响OA的一个主要因子,本试验中pH6最适合菌丝产草酸,而pH5最适合菌丝生长。23℃下OA和MG大于26℃下OA和MG。OA和MG的动态变化过程试验表明,不同培养基的草酸累积速率和最终     

鱼腥藻7120异形胞分化的调节及细胞蛋白的变化

分离了有固氮活性的异形胞,它的可溶部分和膜部分的吸收光谱与营养细胞明显不同。SDS凝胶电泳图谱表明,营养细胞中存在的可溶蛋白,在异形胞中有一半左右被降解,最明显的是藻蓝蛋白。异形孢具有与营养细胞共同的肽带,但也合成了一些新的多肽。异形胞可溶蛋白有五条最主要的肽带,表观分子量约为73K,54K,48K,4lK和34K。膜蛋白中至少有2个多肽带(4lK,35K)在营养细胞膜蛋白中是缺少的。