重要转录因子FoxO3a在斑马鱼性腺中的表达分析

FoxO蛋白作为Forkhead Box家族的重要一员,在动物的生长发育、细胞分化、代谢、免疫和凋亡等方面起重要作用,研究发现FoxO蛋白是哺乳动物卵泡发育的重要调节因子.通过检测雌雄斑马鱼性腺中foxo3a基因的表达情况,初步研究FoxO在鱼类生殖发育中的作用.PCR和蛋白免疫杂交结果都显示foxo3a基因在斑马鱼雌性性腺中的表达量要明显高于雄性.这一结果提示,foxo3a基因在斑马鱼的卵巢发育中可能发挥重要作用.     

褪黑素调控动物繁殖功能的作用途径

褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种多功能吲哚类激素,在动物繁殖过程中起了至关重要的作用.褪黑素可通过多条途径调控动物的繁殖功能,主要包括：G蛋白偶联受体途径;作为神经内分泌激素对动物繁殖进行调控;与其核受体结合在转录水平上调控动物繁殖;通过抗氧化作用调控卵泡发育.本文就褪黑素对动物繁殖功能的调控途径进行综述,旨在为褪黑素调控动物繁殖的相关研究提供帮助.     

蛙类下丘脑—脑垂体—性腺轴的内分泌调节

本文从“下丘脑－脑垂本－性腺”轴方面,综述了蛙类生殖内分泌学研究领域所限得的主要成就和研究进展。对于今后的工作,从理论和生产方面提出了一些看法。     

浅析斑马鱼性别决定的调控因素

性别决定是经典而高度保守的生物过程。在许多物种中性别决定是以遗传为基础的,个体所携带的性染色体决定了性别。然而,由于鱼类性腺发育呈现高度可变性、复杂性的特点,其性别决定机制仍未有定论。斑马鱼作为一个研究发育和疾病的重要脊椎模式动物,性别决定和分化的高度可塑性使其成为研究生理和环境因素对性腺发育影响及其作用机制的独特模型。本综述总结近年来对斑马鱼性别决定及分化过程的研究,为探索鱼类性别决定机制提供新的见解。     

神经内分泌讲座（三）：———促性腺激素释放激素

１概述对促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）的研究始于６０年代初,当时哈里斯（Ｈａｒｒｉｓ）将动物下丘脑提取物注入家兔或鼠的腺垂体时,可以引起促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）的分泌并发生排卵。体外垂体培养时加入这种提取物可使培养液中的ＬＨ和促卵泡生成激素（ＦＳＨ）浓度...     

斑马鱼的质量标准化

斑马鱼在人类发育学研究、疾病动物模型以及生命科学多领域中扮演着越来越重要的角色。作为新兴的实验动物资源,标准化已经成为斑马鱼使用中亟待解决的技术瓶颈和研究发展的必然趋势。本文综述了斑马鱼的研究历史,生物学特性以及质量标准化的研究现状,并对斑马鱼作为实验动物在标准化研究过程中面临的主要问题做了探讨,以期为斑马鱼实验动物资源标准化研究提供有益的参考。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀wei脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀wei(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究。结果表明：持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀wei离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀wei脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似。上述结果表明在长臀wei的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei进行催熟和催产。     

硬骨鱼类促性腺激素的种类,结构功能及分泌调节的研究进展

促性腺激素（Ｇｏｎａｄｏｔｒｏｐｉｎ,ＧｔＨ）是硬骨鱼类脑垂体分泌的在其生殖周期调节中起中心作用的激素。有关ＧｔＨ种类,结构功能及分泌调节的研究较多,特别是近十年来,随着分子生物学的发展和新的生化技术的应用,这方面研究进展很快,本文综述这方面的进展。...     

模式动物斑马鱼在神经系统疾病研究中的应用

近年来,斑马鱼作为一种新型模式动物被广泛地应用于发育学、遗传学、行为学和分子生物学等研究领域。其具有繁殖能力强、发育迅速且同步、体外受精和幼体透明等生物学和形态学特点,经广泛培养和筛选突变品种,目前斑马鱼品系资源丰富。与其他非脊椎模式动物相比,它与人类有更高的同源性。本文主要介绍斑马鱼作为一种理想的模式动物,结合其特殊的行为学检测手段和分子生物学特点,在研究神经系统疾病的发病机制、构建疾病模型和相应药物筛选等方面的应用。     

雄烯二酮和甲基睾酮诱导雄性日本鳗鲡性腺发育的作用

多次埋植雄激素雄烯二酮（ADSD）或甲基睾酮（MT）均可促进雄性日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica)性腺发育成熟,明显提高脑和垂体mGnRH,垂体GtH含量,埋植3次后,MT处理组的GSI及垂体GtH含量显著高于ADSD处理组,MT处理组血清GtH含量在第1次埋植后显著升高,而ADSD处理组在第4次埋植后才显贰高于对照组。这些结果表明：埋植ADSD和MT可反馈作用于雄性日本鳗鲡脑和垂体,促进GnRH和TtH的合成和分泌,进一步诱导精巢发育。而且MT的作用效果较ADSD快。     

中国斑马鱼研究发展历程及现状

斑马鱼作为重要的脊椎动物模式系统之一, 由于其多方面的优势, 在生命科学研究领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。目前, 斑马鱼已被广泛地用于发育生物学、分子生物学、细胞生物学、遗传学、神经生物学、肿瘤学、免疫学、海洋生物学、药物学、毒理与环保等诸多方面的研究, 一些重要的成果不断涌现, 为现代生命科学的发展做出了重要贡献。我国20世纪90年代后期引入斑马鱼模式系统, 此后研究队伍扩大很快, 有影响的研究成果不断涌现, 促进了多个学科的发展。文章重点综述了我国内地与香港地区在斑马鱼研究方面的发展历程以及所取得的代表性成果, 以期促进该模式系统更广泛地用于开展高水平研究。     

The zebrafish as a model system in developmental, toxicological and transgenic research

The zebrafish has long been used as a model system in fisheries biology and toxicology. More recently, it has also become the focus of a major research effort into understanding the molecular and cellular events which dictate the development of vertebrate embryos. As well, the zebrafish has proven attractive in studies examining the factors which affect the creation of transgenic fish and the expression of transgenes. The advances which have been made in these areas have firmly established this small aquarium fish as a major model system in biological and biotechnological research.     

斑马鱼胚胎显微注射基因分析平台的建立

斑马鱼作为一种新的理想模式动物,已在发育生物学、环境毒理学和人类疾病及相关基因功能等研究中得到广泛应用。本文就建立斑马鱼胚胎的显微注射基因分析平台进行了探究,并通过piwil2基因的抑制和过表达实验验证了平台的可操作性,也对建立平台中所要注意的问题进行了讨论。     

Zebrafish as a model organism for nutrition and growth: towards comparative studies of nutritional genomics applied to aquacultured fishes

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common research model in fish studies of toxicology, developmental biology, neurobiology and molecular genetics; it has been proposed as a possible model organism for nutrition and growth studies in fish. The advantages of working with zebrafish in these areas are their small size, short generation time (12–14 weeks) and their capacity to produce numerous eggs (100–200 eggs/clutch). Since a wide variety of molecular tools and information are available for genomic analysis, zebrafish has also been proposed as a model for nutritional genomic studies in fish. The detailed study of every species employed as a model organism is important because these species are used to generalize how several biological processes occur in related organisms, and contribute considerably toward improving our understanding of the mechanisms involved in nutrition and growth. The objective of this review is to show the relevant aspects of the nutrition and growth in zebrafish that support its utility as a model organism for nutritional genomics studies. We made a particular emphasis that gene expression and genetic variants in response to zebrafish nutrition will shed light on similar processes in aquacultured fish.     

Thermal biology of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Zebrafish has become one of the most important animal models in research. Most of the variables studied using zebrafish are influenced by water temperature. The objective of this review was to analyze the published data on the thermal biology of the zebrafish. The paper first provides a brief introduction to zebrafish ecology and thermal tolerance, and continues with a review of the influence of temperature on several physiological variables, including development, growth, metabolism, reproduction, behavior, circadian biology and toxicology. Although a number of papers have already studied the effects of temperature on the zebrafish biology, knowledge in this field is still scarce, especially compared with other model organisms such as the rat, and therefore further research should be encouraged.     

A call to fins! Zebrafish as a gerontological model

Among the wide variety of model organisms commonly used for studies on aging, such as worms, flies and rodents, a wide research gap exists between the invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In developmental biology, a similar gap has been filled by the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We propose that the zebrafish is uniquely suited to serve as a bridge model for gerontology. With high fecundity and economical husbandry requirements, large populations of zebrafish may be generated quickly and cheaply, facilitating large-scale approaches including demographic studies and mutagenesis screens. A variety of mutants identified in such screens have led to modelling of human disease, including cardiac disorders and cancer. While zebrafish longevity is at least 50% longer than in commonly used mouse strains, as an ectothermic fish species, its life span may be readily modulated by caloric intake, ambient temperature and reproductive activity. These features, coupled with a growing abundance of biological resources, including an ongoing genome sequencing project, make the zebrafish a compelling model organism for studies on aging.     

One step forward: the use of transgenic zebrafish tumor model in drug screens

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been an experimental model in the developmental biology and toxicology since the 1950s. In recent years, with the aid of transgenic technology, it has also gained an increasing popularity to model human diseases, including various cancers. As a feasible vertebrate model for large-scale chemical screens, the zebrafish has also given us a new option for the search of potential anticancer drugs. It is hopeful that in the near future with automation and analytical tools, drug development processes will be significantly shortened for quick and effective identification of candidate drugs.     

磁生物学在模式动物斑马鱼中的研究进展

磁场在生活中无处不在,为探究磁场的生物学效应,大量研究工作已经开展。斑马鱼作为新兴的模式生物,在探明磁场与生理功能关系方面具有重要作用。本文梳理了当前磁生物学在斑马鱼上的相关研究。已有研究表明磁场会导致斑马鱼生长畸形、发育延迟和细胞凋亡,影响斑马鱼的游泳行为和方向偏好,也会改变其昼夜节律,还会对生殖和免疫功能产生影响;斑马鱼可能具有不止一种的磁感应机制,除了目前已提出的磁矿石晶体模型、自由基对模型和电磁感应模型等磁感应模型外,磁场引起的DNA损伤、Ca²⁺稳态异常、微管聚合速率改变、应激反应、生物钟基因cry的表达改变等可部分解释上述现象。针对存在的生物磁感应研究中存在的参数不一和机制不清晰等问题,结合斑马鱼优势,本文提出未来斑马鱼在磁生物学研究中的潜在方向：基于斑马鱼建立磁场和生物参数可控的磁生物学研究模型;非侵入性活体追踪相关生命活动过程,可视化研究磁生物学现象;基于Cry蛋白开展磁场与生物节律关系的研究。     

恒河猴在生殖生物学中的应用进展

目的非人灵长类动物在生殖生物学研究领域是一种非常重要的实验动物。人类利用非人灵长类动物与人的生物学等方面相似的特征,开展了生殖生物学、生理学、药理学、毒理学以及生育调节等方面的研究工作,为生殖生物学基础研究以及人类健康和疾病问题的基础研究和临床前研究提供了理想的动物模型。随着生命科学的发展,对非人灵长类实验动物质量提出了更高的要求,人们认识到实验时,应用健康的优质非人灵长类动物的重要性。本文简要概括了非人灵长类动物恒河猴的生物学特性,阐述了非人灵长类动物恒河猴在生殖生物学中的应用研究。