Analysis of DNA polymorphism in a relict Uralian species,large-flowered foxglove (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Digitalis grandiflora</Emphasis> Mill.), using RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic polymorphism of the Uralian relict plant species, large-flowered foxglove Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (family Scrophulariaceae), was examined using RAPD and ISSR techniques. A total of 149 RAPD and 74ISSR markers were tested. The indices characterizing polymorphism and genetic diversity were calculated. The data obtained pointed to a high level of genetic variation of D. grandiflora (P ₉₅ = 65%). The cenopopulation examined was weakly differentiated with most of genetic diversity accounted by within-population differentiation.     

Intra-specific genetic diversity in wild olives (Olea europaea ssp cuspidata) in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Wild olive (O. europaea ssp cuspidata) plants grow in various regions of Iran and are expected to have considerable genetic diversity due to adaptation to the various environmental conditions. We examined the genetic diversity of four populations of wild olive growing in Hormozgan Province located in southern Iran by using 30 RAPDs and 10 ISSR markers. The mean value of polymorphism for RAPD loci was 73.71%, while the value for ISSR loci was 81.74%. The Keshar population had the highest value of intra-population polymorphism for both RAPD and ISSR loci (66.86 and 62.71%, respectively), while the Tudar population had the lowest values (20.35 and 28.81%, respectively). Similarly, the highest and lowest number of effective alleles, Shannon index and Nei's genetic diversity were also found for these two populations. The highest value of H(pop)/H(sp) within population genetic diversity for RAPD and ISSR loci was found for the Keshar population (H(pop) = 0.85 and H(sp) = 0.90). OPA04-750, OPA13-650 and OPA02-350 RAPD bands were specific for Tudar, Bondon and Keshar populations, respectively, while no specific ISSR bands were observed. Analysis of molecular variance as well as the pairwise F(ST) test showed significant differences for RAPD and ISSR markers among the populations. The NJ and UPGMA trees also separated the wild olive populations from each other, indicating their genetic distinctness. UPGMA clustering of the four wild olive populations placed the Tudar population far from the other populations; Keshar and Bokhoon population samples revealed more similarity and were grouped together. We conclude that there is high genetic diversity among O. europaea ssp cuspidata populations located in southern Iran. We also found RAPD and ISSR markers to be useful molecular tools to discriminate and evaluate genetic variations in wild olive trees.     

Comparison of RAPD and ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis among different endangered Mangifera indica genotypes of Indian Gir forest region

The genetic variability and relationships among 20 Mangifera indica genotypes representing 15 endangered and 5 cultivars, obtained from Indian Gir forest region, were analyzed using 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 21 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. RAPD markers were more efficient than the ISSR assay with regards to polymorphism detection. Also, the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer, average polymorphic information content (PIC) and primer index (PI) values were more for RAPD than for ISSR. But, total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity (h), Shannon’s information index (I), total heterozygosity (Ht), average heterozygosity (Hs) and mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were more for ISSR as compared to RAPD markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indexes showed low regression between RAPD and ISSR based similarities but maximum for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR based similarities. The pattern of clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared. Thus, both the markers were equally important for genetic diversity analysis in M. indica.     

RAPD和ISSR标记对水稻化感种质资源遗传多态性的分析

运用RAPD和ISSR技术分析水稻化感种质资源的遗传多态性。从供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的RAPD引物12条,ISSR引物7条。RAPD引物共扩增到85条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为69．4％。ISSR引物共扩增到34条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为53．0％。对两种标记结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果极其类似,呈极显著的正相关(r=0．74)。聚类结果表明,地理位置相近的品种聚为一类。部分具有较强化感作用潜力的水稻品种亲缘关系很近,表明控制其化感作用性状的基因可能是等位的相同基因。而部分化感作用潜力差异显著的水稻品种聚为一类,这是由于人类在长期高产品种的定向选择过程中,水稻化感作用性状不被注意而丢失,遗传基础日益狭窄的原因。     

Evaluation of genetic diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clinacanthus nutans</Emphasis> (Acanthaceaea) using RAPD,ISSR and RAMP markers

Three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were compared to analyse the genetic diversity of Clinacanthus nutans eight populations in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The PCR techniques were random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acids (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP). Leaf genomic DNA was PCR amplified using 17 RAPD, 8 ISSR and 136 RAMP primers . However, only 10 RAPD primers, 5 ISSR primers and 37 RAMP primers produced reproducible bands. The results were evaluated for polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP). The RAMP marker was the most useful marker compared to RAPD and ISSR markers because it showed the highest average value of PIC (0.25), MI (11.36) and RP (2.86). The genetic diversity showed a high percentage of polymorphism at the species level compared to the population level. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance revealed that the genetic diversity was higher within populations, as compared to among populations of C. nutans. From the results, the RAMP technique was recommended for the analysis of genetic diversity of C. nutans.     

基于RAPD、ISSR和AFLP对西瓜枯萎病菌遗传多样性的评价

利用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP分子标记技术对50个西瓜枯萎病菌株进行了分析。结果表明,21个RAPD引物、21个ISSR引物和21对AFLP引物分别对供试菌株扩增出113、134和389条带,三种分子标记的遗传相似系数比较一致,均可揭示西瓜枯萎病菌的遗传变异特点。三种分子标记产生的聚类分析结果存在一定差异,其中RAPD类群与生理小种和地理来源之间均不存在明显关系;而AFLP和ISSR类群与生理小种之间存在一定相关性,与菌株的地理来源关系不明显。     

基于RAPD、ISSR和AFLP对西瓜枯萎病菌遗传多样性的评价

利用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP分子标记技术对50个西瓜枯萎病菌株进行了分析。结果表明,21个RAPD引物、21个ISSR引物和21对AFLP引物分别对供试菌株扩增出113、134和389条带,三种分子标记的遗传相似系数比较一致,均可揭示西瓜枯萎病菌的遗传变异特点。三种分子标记产生的聚类分析结果存在一定差异,其中RAPD类群与生理小种和地理来源之间均不存在明显关系;而AFLP和ISSR类群与生理小种之间存在一定相关性,与菌株的地理来源关系不明显。     

Genetic diversity analysis of Rhododendron aureum Georgi (Ericaceae) located on Changbai Mountain using ISSR and RAPD markers

Rhododendron aureum Georgi (Ericaceae) is a perennial alpine shrub endemic to Changbai Mountain in China. We used ISSR and RAPD markers to describe the diversity and genetic structure within and among four natural populations located at different altitudes. DNA from 66 individuals was amplified with ten ISSR markers and seven RAPD markers. High genetic diversity was observed by these two techniques at the species level. The genetic diversity of populations increased with altitudinal gradients from low to high. The coefficient of gene differentiation (G_ST 0.3652 in ISSR and 0.2511 in RAPD) and AMOVA analysis revealed that most genetic diversity was distributed within populations (61.96% in ISSR and 70.23% in RAPD). The estimate of gene flow based on G_ST was 0.8690 in ISSR and 1.4910 in RAPD. The UPGMA clustering results using ISSR and RAPD showed that all individuals from the same altitude were gathered together, and the two populations (TYD2a and YHLa) from middle altitudes always clustered together. Compared with populations from different altitudes, similar genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation were obtained from populations at the same altitudes, as revealed by ISSR markers. In addition to the reproductive strategy of R. aureum, these data highlight that local environmental conditions may play an important role in shaping the diversity and genetic structure of this species.     

Patterns of Genetic Variation in Swertia przewalskii, an Endangered Endemic Species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Swertia przewalskii Pissjauk. (Gentianaceae) is a critically endangered and endemic plant of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. RAPD and ISSR analyses were carried out on a total of 63 individuals to assess the extent of genetic variation in the remaining three populations. Percentage of polymorphic bands was 94% (156 bands) for RAPD and 96% (222 bands) for ISSR. A pairwise distance measure calculated from the RAPD and ISSR data was used as input for analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA indicated that a high proportion of the total genetic variation (52% for RAPD and 56% for ISSR) was found among populations; pairwise Φ _ST comparisons showed that the three populations examined were significantly different (p < 0.001). Significant genetic differentiation was found based on different measures (AMOVA and Hickory θ_B) in S. przewalskii (0.52 on RAPD and 0.56 on ISSR; 0.46 on RAPD and 0.45 on ISSR). The differentiation of the populations corresponded to low average gene flow (0.28 based on RAPD and 0.31 based on ISSR), whereas genetic distance-based clustering and coalescent-based assignment analyses revealed significant genetic isolation among populations. Our results indicate that genetic diversity is independent of population size. We conclude that although sexual reproduction and gene flow between populations of S. przewalskii are very limited, they have preserved high levels of genetic diversity. The main factors responsible for the high level of difference among populations are the isolation and recent fragmentation under human disturbance.     

Genetic Relationships Among Wild and Cultivated Accessions of Curry Leaf Plant (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.), as Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting Methods

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae), is an aromatic plant and much valued for its flavor, nutritive and medicinal properties. In this study, three DNA fingerprinting methods viz., random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), directed amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD), and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were used to unravel the genetic variability and relationships across 92 wild and cultivated M. koenigii accessions. A total of 310, 102, and 184, DNA fragments were amplified using 20 RAPD, 5 DAMD, and 13 ISSR primers, revealing 95.80, 96.07, and 96.73% polymorphism, respectively, across all accessions. The average polymorphic information content value obtained with RAPD, DAMD, and ISSR markers was 0.244, 0.250, and 0.281, respectively. The UPGMA tree, based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient generated from the cumulative (RAPD, DAMD, and ISSR) band data showed two distinct clusters, clearly separating wild and cultivated accessions in the dendrogram. Percentage polymorphism, gene diversity (H), and Shannon information index (I) estimates were higher in cultivated accessions compared to wild accessions. The overall high level of polymorphism and varied range of genetic distances revealed a wide genetic base in M. koenigii accessions. The study suggests that RAPD, DAMD, and ISSR markers are highly useful to unravel the genetic variability in wild and cultivated accessions of M. koenigii.     

利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记分析怀地黄种质遗传多样性

用RAPD与ISSR技术对怀地黄的8个品种和2个脱毒品系进行了种质遗传多样性分析。分别从80条RAPD引物和44条ISSR引物中筛选出适合怀地黄种质分析的17条RAPD引物和10条ISSR引物,用于RAPD和ISSR分析。17条RAPD引物共扩增出177条带, 多态性位点数为109; 多态性位点比率为61.58%;平均多样性指数(I)为0.3135;每个位点的有效等位基因数（Ne）是1.3641; 10条ISSR引物共扩增出110条带. 多态性位点数为79; 多态性位点比率为71.58%;平均多样性指数(I)为0.3577;每个位点的有效等位基因数（Ne）是1.4037。 基于扩增条带数据库建立了各自的Jaccard遗传相关系数矩阵,构建了相似的分子树状图,将10个供试材料分为2类:一类群含组培85.5、大田85.5、组培9302、大田9302、金状元和金白6个材料;另一类群含北京1号、大红袍、地黄9104和野生地黄4个材料。两种分子标记的分析结果呈极显著正相关(r＝0.649)。结果表明,RAPD与ISSR标记适合于怀地黄种质遗传多样性分析,ISSR标记技术是一种多态性和重复性优于RAPD技术的实用技术。     

辣椒种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR及其表型数据分析

用RAPDI、SSR分子标记及28个表型性状数据对辣椒属5个栽培种的13份材料进行了分析,结果表明:23条RAPD引物共扩增出209条带,平均每个引物扩增出9.09条,多态性位点比率为83.73%;16条ISSR引物共扩增出94条带,平均每个引物扩增出5.88条,多态性位点比率为79.79%.与RAPD相比,ISSR标记检测到的有效等位基因数(Ne)及Shannon多样性指数(I)、遗传离散度(Ht)和遗传分化系数(Gst)等遗传多样性参数都较大,多态性位点比例在亲缘关系较近的一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种内较高,说明ISSR有更高的多态性检测效率,并且适合亲缘关系较近的种群间遗传多样性分析.基于RAPDI、SSR的聚类与基于表型数据的聚类之间存在极显著正相关,且都能将C.annuum与其它栽培种区分开来.     

Molecular diversity analysis of Rhizoctonia solani isolates infecting various pulse crops in different agro-ecological regions of India

Genetic diversity of 89 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from different pulse crops representing 21 states from 16 agro-ecological regions of India, 49 morphological, and 7 anastomosis groups (AGs) was analyzed using 12 universal rice primers (URPs), 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and 23 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Both URPs and RAPD markers provided 100?% polymorphism with the bands ranging from 0.1 to 5?kb in size, whereas ISSR markers gave 99.7?% polymorphism with the bands sizes ranging from 0.1 to 3?kb. The marker URP 38F followed by URP13R, URP25F, and URP30F, RAPD marker R1 followed by OPM6, A3 and OPA12 and ISSR3 followed by ISSR1, ISSR4, and ISSR20 produced the highest number of amplicons. R. solani isolates showed a high level of genetic diversity. Unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis grouped the isolates into 7 major clusters at 35?% genetic similarity using the three sets of markers evaluated. In spite of using three different types of markers, about 95?% isolates shared common grouping patterns. The majority of the isolates representing various AGs were grouped together into different sub-clusters using all three types of markers. Molecular groups of the isolates did not correspond to agro-ecological regions or states and crops of the origin. An attempt was made for the first time in the present study to determine the genetic diversity of R. solani populations isolated from different pulse crops representing various AGs and agro-ecological regions.     

A Comparative Analysis of ISSR and RAPD Markers for Study of Genetic Diversity in Shisham (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis>)

Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) is one of the most preferred timber tree species of South Asia. Two DNA-based molecular marker techniques, intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD), were compared to study the genetic diversity in this species. A total of 30 polymorphic primers (15 ISSR and 15 random) were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of 22 genotypes, using ISSR analysis, yielded 117 fragments, of which 64 were polymorphic. Number of amplified fragments with ISSR primers ranged from five to ten and varied in size from 180 to 1,900 bp. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 0 to 87.5. The 15 RAPD primers produced 144 bands across 22 genotypes, of which 84 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from five to 13, with size range from 180 to 2,400 bp. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 0 to 100, with an average of 58.3 across. RAPD markers were relatively more efficient than the ISSR assay. The mental test between two Jaccard’s similarity matrices gave r ≥ 0.90, showing very good fit correlation in between ISSR- and RAPD-based similarities. Clustering of isolates remained more or less the same in RAPD and combined data of RAPD and ISSR. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.734 to 0.939, 0.563 to 0.946, and 0.648 to 0.920 with ISSR, RAPD, and combined dendrogram, respectively.     

Assessment of genetic diversity through RAPD,ISSR and AFLP markers in Podophyllum hexandrum: a medicinal herb from the Northwestern Himalayan region

Total synthesis of podophyllotoxin is an expensive process and availability of the compound from the natural resources is an important issue for pharmaceutical companies that manufacture anticancer drugs. In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation for selective breeding programme, genetic analysis of 28 populations was done with 19 random primers, 11 ISSR primers and 13 AFLP primer pairs. A total of 92.37 %, 83.82 % and 84.40 % genetic polymorphism among the populations of Podophyllum were detected using RAPD, ISSR and AFLP makers, respectively. Similarly the mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were 0.69, 0.63 and 0.51, indicating that 33.77 %, 29.44 % and 26 % of the genetic diversity resided within the population. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 53 %, 62 % and 64 % of the genetic diversity among the studied populations was attributed to geographical location while 47 %, 38 % and 36 % was attributed to differences in their habitats using RAPD, ISSR and AFLP markers. An overall value of mean estimated number of gene flow (Nm) were 0.110, 0.147 and 0.24 from RAPD, ISSR and AFLP markers indicating that there was limited gene flow among the sampled populations.     

Determination of genetic diversity among Saccharina germplasm using ISSR and RAPD markers

Various species of genus Saccharina are economically important brown macroalgae cultivated in China. The genetic background of the conserved Saccharina germplasm was not clear. In this report, DNA-based molecular markers such as inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 48 Saccharina germplasms. A total of 50 ISSR and 50 RAPD primers were tested, of which only 33 polymorphic primers (17 ISSR and 16 RAPD) had an amplified clear and reproducible profile, and could be used. Seventeen ISSR primers yielded a total of 262 bands, of which 256 were polymorphic, and 15.06 polymorphic bands per primer were amplified from 48 kelp gametophytes. Sixteen RAPD primers produced 355 bands, of which 352 were polymorphic, and 22 polymorphic bands per primer were observed across 48 individuals. The simple matching coefficient of ISSR, RAPD and pooled ISSR and RAPD dendrograms ranged from 0.568 to 0.885, 0.670 to 0.873, and 0.667 to 0.862, revealing high genetic diversity. Based on the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic averaging algorithm (UPGMA) cluster analysis and the principal components analysis (PCA) of ISSR data, the 48 gametophytes were divided into three main groups. The Mantel test revealed a similar polymorphism distribution pattern between ISSR and RAPD markers, the correlation coefficient r was 0.62, and the results indicated that both ISSR and RAPD markers were effective to assess the selected gametophytes, while matrix correlation of the ISSR marker system (r = 0.78) was better than that of the RAPD marker system (r = 0.64). Genetic analysis data from this study were helpful in understanding the genetic relationships among the selected 17 kelp varieties (or lines) and provided guidance for molecular-assisted selection for parental gametophytes of hybrid kelp breeding.     

Deciphering genetic diversity analysis of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using RAPD and ISSR markers

The existence of genetic diversity in Crocus sativus has globally remained a mystery till date. The study investigated PCR based DNA amplification profile of saffron using ISSR and RAPD based primers. A total of 38 amplicons were generated by ISSR primers in the range from 7 to 12 with an average of 9.50 bands per primer. 20 bands were found to be polymorphic and 18 were monomorphic with an average percentage of polymorphism as 52.48%. RAPD based amplification revealed a total 161 amplicons, 107 as polymorphic and 54 as monomorphic with an average percentage of polymorphism as 66.44%. Cumulative results of RAPD and ISSR demonstrated that Nei-Li’s similarity index ranged between 0.70 and 0.97. The results of AMOVA has revealed 9% of variance among populations and 91% of variance within populations, Φ PT was found as 0.089, which indicates existence of genetic differences though limited. In conclusion, the results indicate that saffron accessions are minimally genetically differentiated, which could be capitalized in future breeding programmes to ameliorate this precious crop.     

Comparison of RAPD and ISSR markers for assessment of genetic diversity among endangered rare Dalbergia oliveri (Fabaceae) genotypes in Vietnam

Dalbergia oliveri is a leguminous tree of the Fabaceae family. This species is popular and valuable in Vietnam and is currently listed on the Vietnam Red List and on the IUCN Red List as endangered. Two PCR techniques using RAPD and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to make a comparative analysis of genetic diversity in this species. Fifty-six polymorphic primers (29 RAPD and 27 ISSR) were used. The RAPD primers produced 63 bands across 35 genotypes, of which 24 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from one to four, with a size range from 250 to 1400 bp. The percentage polymorphism ranged from 0 to 75. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 35 genotypes, using ISSR analysis, yielded 104 fragments, of which 63 were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments using ISSR primers ranged from one to nine and varied in size from 250 to 1500 bp. The percentage polymorphism ranged from 0 to 100. ISSR markers were relatively more efficient than RAPDs. The mental test between two Jaccard's similarity matrices gave r ≥0.802, showing good fit correlation between ISSRs and RAPDs. Clustering of isolates remained more or less the same for RAPDs compared to combined RAPD and ISSR data. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.785 to 1.000, 0.698 to 0.956 and 0.752 to 0.964 with RAPD, ISSR, and the combined RAPD-ISSR dendrogram, respectively.     

Identification and genetic relationships among nine Albizzia species based on morphological and molecular markers

Abstract

Identifying germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. This investigation was undertaken for the identification and analysis of genetic variation within 9 species of Albizzia through 33 morphological parameters, and 15 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 17 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. The use of selected RAPD and ISSR primers generated a total of 163 and 201 amplified DNA fragments, respectively. High frequencies of polymorphism, 95.05% for RAPD and 96.02% for ISSR, were detected. Statistical approaches were employed to construct genetic relationships by RAPD, ISSR and morphological analysis. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) of Nei's similarity generated dendograms with similar topology that gave a better reflection of the diversity and affinities between species. These molecular results were comparable to main morphological characteristics. The correlation matrices generated by RAPD and ISSR markers were highly correlated (r = 0.843 at p = 1.0), thereby indicating congruence between these two marker systems. Both morphometric data and molecular markers have the potential to analyse genetic variation among the nine species of Albizzia, thus providing a major input for management strategy of plant genetic resources.     

Assessment of genetic variability through ISSR and RAPD markers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Commiphora wightii</Emphasis> (Arn.) Bhandari

Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari is a commercially, medicinally and traditionally important tropical shrub widely used to treat various ailments and disorders. Demand of this plant is increasing in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries due to the presence of guggulsterone E and Z, two important isomers conferring lipid- and cholesterol-lowering, and anti-cancerous properties. Ruthless and unscientific harvesting of oleo-gum resin by local populations from the wild, with negligible conservation efforts has made this species endangered and led to its inclusion in the Red Data Book of IUCN. It is imperative to have broad information regarding the extent of genetic variability available in the species to accelerate the breeding and conservation programs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze the extent of genetic variability existing among the C. wightii germplasm collected from Rajasthan and Haryana, the diversity rich Indian states, using ISSR and RAPD markers. A total of 100 (50 each) RAPD and ISSR markers were screened of which 37 RAPD and 43 ISSR primers were able to amplify DNA fragments. RAPD markers were more efficient, detecting 74.16 % polymorphism, compared to ISSR which detected 62.52 % polymorphism. Also, the values of average number of polymorphic bands per assay, polymorphism information content (PIC), diversity index (DI) and marker index (MI) were more for RAPD (7.76, 0.19, 0.38 and 2.53, respectively) than for ISSR (7.02, 0.13, 0.32 and 1.88) markers. The UPGMA dendrogram constructed using individual as well as combined data of the two marker systems separated the collected accessions into two major clusters containing 47 and 4 accessions, respectively, while one accession from Bikaner was not included in any cluster. Genetic similarity values obtained from Jaccard’s coefficient using combined data of both the marker systems were between 0.50 and 0.97. These results indicated the existence of wide genetic variability within this species and can be used for further research in the area of germplasm conservation, population genetics and plant breeding.