Hemiodus iratapuru,a new species of Hemiodontidae from the Rio Jari,Amazon Basin,Brazil (Teleostei,Characiformes)

Hemiodus iratapuru, a new species of the Hemiodontidae from the Rio Iratapuru, a left bank tributary of the Rio Jari, Amazon Basin, Brazil, is described. The new species is diagnosed from other species of Hemiodus by modifications in the ectopterygoid, tooth form, scale counts, dorsal‐fin form and colour pattern. The new species is proposed to be related to the Hemiodus quadrimaculatus species group.     

3. THE GENERA TURDUS,GEOKICHLA, PSOPHOCICHLA,MONTICOLA AND COSSYPHA IN NYASALAND

Summary

Hanmer, D. B. 1981. Mensural and moult data of nine species of sunbird from Moçambique and Mala?i. Ostrich 52: 156–178.

Wing length, culmen length, weight and moult data are given for the Coppery Sunbird Nectarinia cuprea, Purplebanded Sunbird N. bifnsclata, Yellowbellied Sunbird N. venusta, Whitebellied Sunbird N. talatala. Grey Sunbird N. veroxii, Black Sunbird N. amethystina. Scarletchested Sunbird N. senegalensis. Collared Sunbird Anthreptes collaris and Violet-backed Sunbird A. longuemarei from Mopeia (Moçambique) and Nchalo (Mala?i). Moulting seasons, immature age at moult, the duration of primary moult, its relation to the breeding season, weight changes with moult, the breeding season, altitude and latitude, and the sequence and timing of moult in remiges and rectrices are discussed for all species except N. veroxii, N. amethystina and A. longuemarei. Softpart and plumage colour changes with age are discussed and some data are given on habits and migration.     

Plagiostachys lourdesiae (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Mindanao,Philippines

A new species, Plagiostachys lourdesiae, from Mindanao, Philippines is described here. Plagiostachys escritorii, which also occurs in Mindanao, is the most closely related species. The new species differs from P. escritorii in its petiolate lamina, lax inflorescence, red and strongly curved upward labellum, and globose to subglobose maroon fruit. A colour plate, notes on its distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status as well as a key to Plagiostachys species in the Philippines are provided.     

Studies on Woloszynskioid Dinoflagellates X: Ultrastructure,Phylogeny and Colour Variation in Tovellia rubescens n. sp. (Dinophyceae)

The external morphology and internal cell fine structure of a new species of Tovelliaceae, Tovellia rubescens n. sp., is described. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences place the new species in a clade containing Tovellia species that accumulate red pigments and identify T. aveirensis as its closest known relative. Cells of T. rubescens n. sp. were mostly round and had the cingulum located near the middle, with its ends displaced about one cingular width. Small numbers of distinctly flat cells appeared in culture batches; their significance could not be determined. Cells of the new species in culture batches progressively changed from a yellowish‐green, mainly due to chloroplast colour, to a reddish‐brown colour that appeared associated with lipid bodies. The switch to a reddish colour happened earlier in batches grown in medium lacking sources of N or P. Pigment analyses by HPLC‐MS/MS revealed the presence of astaxanthin and astaxanthin‐related metabolites in the new species, but also in T. aveirensis, in which a reddish colour was never observed. The chloroplast arrangement of T. rubescens n. sp. resembled that of T. aveirensis, with lobes radiating from a central pyrenoid complex. The flagellar apparatus and pusular system fell within the general features described from other Tovelliaceae. A row of microtubules interpretable as a microtubular strand of the peduncle was present. Spiny resting cysts with red contents and an ITS sequence identical to that of cultured material of the new species were found in the original locality.     

Tulipa intermedia sp. nov. (Liliaceae) from the Ferghana Depression,Uzbekistan

A new species, Tulipa intermedia, collected in the Ferghana Depression is described. The new species belongs to section T. sect. Kolpakowskianae Raamsd. ex Zonn. & Veldkamp. It is similar to T. scharipovii Tojibaev and T. talassica Lazkov but is distinguished by morphological characters of bulbs and flowers and by its ecology, growing only in Artemisia steppe on plains and in low foothills with gravelly slopes. From T. scharipovii, the new species differs by non‐coriaceous and strongly prolongated bulb tunics, pubescence of tunics, shorter stem, shape of outer petals and filaments, and by its pale yellow (not green) bottle‐shaped ovary. Two varieties of T. intermedia differing in the colour of tepals and filaments were observed growing together and are formally described.     

Pathogenicity and symptom expressions of Rhizoctonia solani,R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae to some commercial cultivars of rice in Myanmar

Rhizoctonia complex of rice has been detected in rice growing areas of Myanmar. The primary objective of this study is to study the varietal response of rice to Rhizoctonia complex and to distinguish the symptom expression of rice responses to these pathogens. Myanmar rice cultivars namely Manawthukha, Shwethweyin, Sinthwelatt and Yezinlonthwe were used to inoculate with three isolates of each species of Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae and Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. The symptoms created by each species of Rhizoctonia were distinguished by the size and colour of the lesion. Variation in lesion length was observed among different isolate-rice cultivar combination. Shwethweyin variety is the most susceptible one to all the tested three species among the four tested varieties.     

A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Madeira basin,Brazil

This study describes Characidium nambiquara, a new species from the upper rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Brazil. The new species differs from most congeners by the presence of isthmus and area between the contralateral pectoral-fin bases completely naked. From congeners with some degree of scaleless ventral surface of the body C. nambiquara differs by having 10 circumpeduncular scales. The new species is also distinguished from congeners by the spotted colour pattern on body of the large-sized specimens and by having black dashes on all fins and conspicuous midlateral longitudinal dark stripe or conspicuous vertical bars absent. Characidium nambiquara further differs from most congeners by the presence of 34–36 pored scales on the lateral line, 3 horizontal scale rows above the lateral line and 3 horizontal scale rows from the lateral line to the midventral scale series. Remarks on intraspecific colour variation within the genus, not related to sexual dimorphism, are also provided.     

Parotocinclus jacksoni,a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Mamanguape basin,north-eastern Brazil

A new species of Parotocinclus is described from the Rio Mamanguape basin, in the State of Paraíba, north-eastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all of its congeners, except for P. bahiensis, P. cesarpintoi, P. jumbo, P. nandae and P. spilosoma, by the presence of an abdomen covered by a few small and dispersed platelets (vs. an abdomen entirely covered by large plates in adult individuals or the absence of plates in that region). The new species differs from those mentioned above with respect to several features, such as an exposed pectoral girdle and supporting odontodes medially and laterally, the number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, odontodes covering only the lateral portion of the cleithrum and the absence of irregular golden lines on the head and body (colour in vivo). The new species was collected only in the upper and middle portions of the Rio Mamanguape basin, suggesting a geographic distribution restricted to the Caatinga biome.     

Protospirura siamensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridae) from rodents in Thailand

A large number (828) of rodents belonging to nine genera (Bandicota, Berylmys, Chiropodomys, Hapalomys, Leopoldamys, Maxomys, Mus, Niviventer and Rattus) were trapped in four Thai provinces between 2008 and 2010. A new species of Protospirura (Nematoda: Spiruridae) was identified and described. Protospirura siamensis n. sp. was found in 10 rodent species from the four Thai provinces surveyed. The new species can be distinguished from known species of the genus by the arrangement of the papillae on the male and the morphology and length of the spicules. This is the first species of Protospirura to be described from South-East Asia.     

A new species of Lathyrus L. (section Cicercula; Fabaceae) from Turkey

A new species, Lathyrus egirdiricus H.Genc & A.Sahin (section Cicercula; Fabaceae), is described from Turkey, with illustrations and taxonomic comments. Characteristics of the species are compared with those of the related species Lathyrus hirsutus L., L. stenophyllus Boiss. & Heldr., L. sativus L., L. cassius Boiss. and L. gorgoni Parl., from which it differs mainly in the shape, length, width and venation of leaflets, length and width of the stipule, flower colour, legume and style length. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 301–305.     

TETREUTREPTIA POMQUETENSIS GEN. ET SP. NOV. (EUGLENOPHYCEAE): A QUADRIFLAGELLATE,PHOTOTROPHIC MARINE EUGLENOID1

A new euglenoid genus and species, Tetreutreptia pomquetensis, is described from winter waters of Maritime Canada. This phototrophic species is characterized by four emergent heterodynamic flagella, two about the length of the cell and two less than one-half this length. Tetreutreptia pomquetensis has features in common with species of Eutreptiella while it differs in several respects from any of the described species of that genus. It could be assigned to the order Eutreptiales or Euglenamorphales sensu Leedale or the order Euglenales sensu Farmer. This new alga has a narrow range of temperature tolerance; it grows best from 0° to 7° C and dies at temperatures above 10° C. The optimum salinity for growth was near full-strength seawater. Growth conditions for the alga define the conditions whence this species was isolated.     

Morphology of Sinophysis minima sp. nov. and three Sinophysis species (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the Sea of Japan

Four sand‐dwelling species of the marine dinoflagellate genus Sinophysis, including one new species, have been examined from intertidal and subtidal sand, from the Sea of Japan. The morphological features of these species were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Sinophysis minima sp. nov. is flattened laterally and is 17.5–35.0 μm in length and 15.0–27.5 μm in depth, with a length/depth ratio of 1.1–1.4, an epitheca depth of 5.0–7.5 μm, and a sulcus length of about three‐quarters the hypotheca length. Sinophysis ebriola (Herdman) Balech, Sinophysis grandis Hoppenrath and Sinophysis stenosoma Hoppenrath were recorded for the first time in the seas of Russia. Sinophysis stenosoma is the most common species in the Sea of Japan. All species usually occurred together in the region investigated. Additional information on the known species is provided.     

Impatiens brittoi (Balsaminaceae) sp. nov. from the southern Western Ghats,India

The new species Impatiens brittoi (Balsaminaceae) allied to I. herbicola Hook. f., is described from the Idukki biodiversity zone of the Western Ghats of India. Detailed notes on morphology, key diagnostic characters, distribution, pollen morphology, conservation status and colour photographs are provided for the identification of the new species.     

A new snailfish species, Paraliparis orcadensis sp. nov. (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes) from the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean)

Paraliparis orcadensis, from the South Orkney Islands (Scotia Sea), at 1.253 m depth, differs from all other congeneric species by the following combination of characters: a suture between upper and lower hypural plates, P 19 (13 + 3 + 3), none rudimentary, shortest notch ray 6.0% standard length, head length 15.6% standard length, short maxillary, gill slit above P base, three radials, symphyseal pores very closely set and body uniformly dark-grey coloured. Relationships of this new species with P. cerasinus, P. devriesi, P. mawsoni and P. tetrapteryx are discussed. Accepted: 9 November 1999     

Cortinarius sarcoflammeus sp. nov, a new species of subgenus Dermocybe (Agaricales) growing in Sphagnum bogs

 Cortinarius sarcoflammeus is proposed as a new species belonging to subgenus Dermocybe, on the basis of its morphological, chemical and ecological characters. The strong red-orange colour of the context and stipe base, large spores, sphagnicolous habitat and high dermorubin content are characteristic for the new species. Holotypes of C. huronensis and C. huronensis var. olivaceus have been examined for comparison, and their differences discussed. Photographs and line drawings of C. sarcoflammeus are added. Received February 13, 2001 Accepted March 23, 2001     

Zamia grijalvensis sp. nov. (Zamiaceae,Cycadales) from Chiapas,Mexico with notes on hybridization and karyology

Zamia grijalvensis, a new cycad species from Chiapas, México, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to Z. lacandona with respect to leaves, but differs in habit, morphology and colour of the female and male cones. The female cone of Z. grijalvensis is reddish brown to orange brown, whereas that of Z. lacandona is dark brown with lighter beige tomentum. The male cone of Z. grijalvensis is erect, whereas that of Z. lacandona is decumbent. The new species may be of natural hybrid origin and is discussed in the light of other findings among cycads. Preliminary diploid chromosome counts for Z. grijalvensis 2n = 19, 20 and karyotypes appear variable, as previously found in its congeners with wide distribution, such as Z. paucijuga and Z. prasina, both of which are characterised by high diploid numbers with a high number of telocentric and few metacentric chromosomes. These changes in chromosome number are probably the result of stressful environmental factors.     

New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós basins,Brazil, with comments on a putative case of polymorphic Batesian mimicry

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós basins, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners, except from Moenkhausia moisae, by having more scales in the lateral series, 43–47 (v. 23–41 in the remaining congeners). The new species is distinguished from M. moisae by its colour pattern, which consists of a dark midlateral stripe, and an asymmetrical caudal blotch (inconspicuous or faded in specimens from the Rio Arinos) continuous with the midlateral stripe (v. narrow dark midlateral line and conspicuous, regularly rounded and symmetrical blotch not continuous with the midlateral line). The new species is putatively assumed to be mimetic to Jupiaba apenima, in the Rio Xingu and Rio Teles Pires drainages, and to Jupiaba yarina in the Rio Arinos. The two species of Jupiaba are sympatric and remarkably similar in size, general external morphology and colouration to the new species. A small difference occurs in the colouration between the two species of Jupiaba and is also observed in the two respectively sympatric morphotypes of the new species of Moenkhausia. The occurrence of polymorphic Batesian mimicry is therefore discussed for neotropical freshwater fishes.