A new classification of palatal fracture and an algorithm to establish a treatment plan

Palatal fractures have previously been classified according to the anatomic location of the fracture line, which is helpful for understanding the types of palatal fracture, but which is insufficient for helping the surgeon to decide which fracture to open and how to do so. The purpose of this study was to aid in the establishment of a precise treatment plan by determining the surgical approach and the types of stabilization that should be used for different types of palatal fracture.In a retrospective review of 136 consecutive Le Fort maxillary fractures over 6 years, 18 patients (13.2 percent) with palatal fractures were analyzed. The principle of open reduction and internal fixation was applied to all the patients. In six patients (33 percent), exploration and fixation was done in the palatal surface. Eight patients (44 percent) needed an extended period of immobilization (4 to 6 weeks). No major complications were observed during the follow-up period.An algorithm was devised to help establish a proper treatment plan, and palatal fractures were classified into four types: closed reduction, anterior treatment, anterior and palatal treatment, and combined. The key elements considered in deciding the treatment principle and the classification of a palatal fracture were the possibility of closed reduction, surgical exposure, site of rigid fixation, and stability of fractured segments after rigid fixation. The outcome of reconstruction and the postoperative course differed depending on the type of palatal fracture. This classification scheme provided an easy and simple way to establish a treatment plan and was helpful in learning the treatment principles of palatal fracture.     

Functional status of hip joint after surgical and conservative treatment of acetabular fracture

Both conservative and surgical treatment of acetabular fractures alter biomechanical conditions in the hip joint resulting in various degenerative changes in the acetabulum and the femur head. These changes may progress to secondary coxarthrosis, causing dysfunction of the hip joint. The aim of this paper is to compare the outcomes of both conservative and surgical treatments in different types of acetabular fractures, so that clear indications for either conservative or surgical treatment could be determined. This paper is based on retrospective study of 103 patients with acetabular fracture (21 surgically treated and 82 conservatively treated). In this study the incidence of particular types of acetabulum fractures, the treatment period, the incidence of complications and the functional status of the hip after the treatment were analyzed. In patients with anterior fracture surgical treatment lasted three times less than conservative treatment and resulted in far better functional status of the hip joint compared to conservatively treated patients. However, in patients with transverse fractures the functional status was better and the treatment period shorter after the conservative treatment. We believe that the present treatment indications should be corrected so that in anterior column fracture the surgical method should be preferred, whereas the transverse fracture should be treated conservatively. In other types of acetabular fracture, with the radiographic roof arc angle of 45 degrees or less, the surgical method should be preferred to conservative method.     

锁骨骨折内固定失效的原因分析及对策

目的：探讨锁骨骨折切开复位内固定术后内固定失效的原因,并寻找补救方案。方法：选择我院2007年5月~2010年5月收治的184例锁骨骨折患者,其中男性123例,女性61例,年龄24~76岁,对手术切开复位内固定失败病例的内固定方法进行对比,分析内固定失效的原因,并选取记忆合金环抱器或天鹅型记忆接骨器作为再次手术的内固定器械,分析其临床疗效。结果：本组所有病例均获得6~24个月随访,所有患者首次手术均行钢板内固定治疗,其中应用重建钢板治疗48例,解剖钢板治疗86例,锁骨钩钢板治疗50例,3例术后发生钢板或螺钉断裂患者选用记忆合金环抱器重新手术内固定治疗,2例痊愈,1例记忆合金环抱器再次发生断裂,改用天鹅型记忆接骨器治疗获得痊愈。3例骨不连患者均选择天鹅型记忆接骨器配合植骨内固定治疗,术后恢复良好。结论：锁骨骨折切开复位内固定术后内固定失败的原因主要与所使用内固定技术不合理及患者早期不正确的功能锻炼有关。记忆合金环抱器和天鹅型记忆接骨器均可作为钢板内固定失败术后的补救方案,但天鹅型记忆接骨器较记忆合金环抱器可提供更好的纵向加压作用,治疗钢板断裂及骨不连患者更为可靠。     

Treatment of mandible fractures using bioabsorbable plates

This study evaluated the short-term outcome of treating fractures of the mandible with bioabsorbable plates. Sixty-nine fractures of the mandible in 49 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using bioabsorbable plates and 2.4-mm, 2.0-mm, and 1.5-mm pretapped screws. The duration of intermaxillary fixation ranged from 0 to 23 days, with a mean of 4.6 days. Patients were evaluated for complications during the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 to 18 months. Six patients (12.2 percent) experienced complications. These included infection (four patients), premature occlusal contact (one patient), and temporomandibular disorder (one patient). Except for one case, all complications were minor and adequately managed with incision and drainage, elastic traction, physical therapy, and medication. Delayed infection (osteomyelitis) developed in a symphysis fracture and was treated by saucerization and antibiotics. The fracture line subsequently showed complete consolidation. Bioabsorbable plates can be selectively used for internal fixation in mandibular fractures, with the advantage that they do not need to be removed.     

两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较采用T形钢板内固定和闭合复位石膏外固定这两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效研究。方法:选取我院2008年3月至2011年12月间的76例桡骨远端骨折患者,并按照治疗方法不同分为2组,41例患者进行T形钢板内固定,其余35例患者进行复位后石膏外固定。并借助X线对比分析桡骨远端骨折复位前后及临床愈合时桡骨腕关节的掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨轴向缩短长度变化等数据,并根据改良的Shea评定法对临床疗效进行比较。结果:针对桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的患者,T形钢板内固定组的优良率要优于石膏外固定组的疗效(P<0.05);而对于稳定性桡骨远端骨折的患者,两组之间的优良率没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折的患者,应优先选择T形钢板内固定手术方法,而对于稳定性骨折患者这两种治疗方法均可采用。     

不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的Pilon骨折患者156例为研究对象,根据手术方法不同,将患者分成研究组和对照组,每组78例。研究组给予分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗,对照组给予有限内固定结合外固定的手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的踝关节功能、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间以及术后不良反应的发生情况等。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后踝关节功能均获得改善,且研究组踝关节功能优秀率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗pilon骨折的临床效果显著,是临床治疗pilon骨折的理想方案。但在临床实践中,应根据患者病情选择合适的治疗方案。     

Fracture management of civilian gunshot wounds to the hand

Civilian gunshot wounds to the hand are typically caused by low-velocity weapons, which create a localized pattern of soft-tissue and bone injury that usually allows for early definitive treatment. A retrospective chart review of 72 patients treated for 98 gunshot wound fractures at an urban level I trauma center was conducted to evaluate the results of limited debridement and early definitive fracture fixation of urban gunshot wound fractures of the hand. The incidence of hand fractures, means of fracture fixation, number of operations, occurrence of infection, and level of patient compliance were determined. Twenty-nine fractures were managed definitively with reduction and splinting in the emergency department or intensive care unit. Sixty-eight fractures were treated surgically, at a mean of 2 days after injury. Eleven patients required more than one operation. The overall infection rate was 8 percent and was not influenced by the fracture fixation method. All infections were superficial and resolved with antibiotics alone. Thirty-nine percent of patients were lost to follow-up after hospital discharge and 85 percent of patients were lost to follow-up before documented fracture healing. Twenty-six percent of patients were lost to follow-up with a removable fixation device in place. Limited debridement and early definitive fracture fixation are associated with low rates of complications for typical civilian handgun wound fractures. Cases with extensive injury or contamination do require a staged approach to treatment. Poor patient compliance in the urban trauma setting should be expected and may affect the management plan.     

微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Free tissue coverage of chronic traumatic wounds of the lower leg

Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent 42 free flaps for chronic wounds of the lower leg were identified over an 11-year period. All wounds were open for a minimum of 1 month (mean, 40 months; median, 8 months; range, 1 month to 30 years). The average age was 37 years (range, 7 to 68 years), there were 31 male patients and seven female patients, and the average follow-up time was 30 months (range, 12 to 72 months). The original injury was an open fracture in 28 patients, wound dehiscence after open reduction and internal fixation of a closed fracture in nine patients, and a shrapnel wound in one patient. A total of 23 patients had osteomyelitis, which was classified as local (involving less than 50 percent of the bone diameter) in 15 patients and as diffuse (involving greater than 50 percent of the bone diameter or infected nonunion) in eight patients. The wounds were treated with sequential debridement, antibiotics, and flap coverage. Ancillary procedures included antibiotic beads in 18 patients, saucerization in 16, Ilizarov bone transport in three, calcanectomy in two, and fibular resection and ankle fusion in one. Thirty-four of 42 flaps survived, four having undergone a repeat free flap. There were three failures out of 25 flaps (12 percent) among those with a normal angiogram and five failures out of 15 flaps (33 percent) among those with an abnormal angiogram (p > 0.05). The failure rate of those with osteomyelitis was six of 26 (23 percent) versus two of 26 (13 percent) for those without osteomyelitis (p > 0.05). Successful reconstruction (bone healed, patient ambulatory and infection-free) was achieved in 33 of 38 patients (87 percent). The failure of reconstruction for those patients with osteomyelitis was four of 23 (22 percent) versus one of 15 (7 percent) for others (p > 0.05). The failure rate of flaps in patients with diffuse osteomyelitis was three of eight (38 percent) versus two of 30 for others (7 percent, p = 0.053). The presence of diffuse osteomyelitis was associated with a lower rate of successful limb reconstruction. An abnormal angiogram and the presence of osteomyelitis both were associated with a lower rate of successful limb reconstruction, but this was not significant, probably because of the small size of the cohort.     

一期外固定联合锁定钢板内固定术治疗C型pilon骨折的临床疗效

目的：探讨外固定架联合锁定钢板分期治疗C 型pilon 骨折的临床疗效。方法：选取2010 年3 月至2011 年4 月在我院接受治疗的C型pilon 骨折患者17 例。按照分期治疗的原则,先行一期外固定架固定术,待局部软组织恢复后切开复位,再行锁定钢板内固定术进行治疗,术后对患者进行一年的随访,定期检查患者的踝关节功能,并借助影像学资料对临床疗效进行评价。结果：全部患者获得随访,平均愈合时间为（4.1± 1.6）月;平均AOFAS 评分为（83.1± 12.4）分,其中优6 例（35.2 %）,良8 例（47.1 %）,一般2 例（11.8 %）,差1 例（5.9 % ）,优良率为82.4 %;术后4 例患者出现出现轻度感染,通过局部换药、抗生素和钉道护理得到控制。结论：采用一期外固定联合锁定钢板内固定术分期治疗C 型pilon 骨折,可以有效地提高治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折疗效比较

目的:比较对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2013年5月至2016年8月诊治的52例股骨远端骨折患者,采用对侧皮质锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(A组:对侧皮质锁定组),采用锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(B组:锁定螺钉组)。记录两组手术出血量和手术时间、切口长度、内固定治疗后骨折愈合时间、内固定治疗后完全负重时间、内固定治疗后并发症发生率等,在每个随访节点对每位患者进行患肢的正侧位X线平片检查,末次随访时对患肢进行膝关节功能评分,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分标准评定患肢功能。骨折愈合的定义为活动时骨折处无痛且在骨折正侧位X线平片上可见到断端骨皮质骨痂连接。术后并发症包括:关节僵硬、内固定断裂、骨不连以及感染等。结果:本研究52例骨折均获得至少12个月的随访。两组在手术相关指标及切口愈合等方面均无明显差异(P均0.05)。在骨折愈合以及完全负重时间方面,A组均显著短于B组(P均0.05)。末次随访时52例患者患肢膝关节功能:A组:优18例,良5例,差4例,优良率88.5%;B组:优15例,良6例,中4例,差1例,优良率80.8%。两组对比A组优良率显著高于B组(P0.05)。两组并发症对比无明显差异:A组发生骨不连2例,骨折内固定断裂2例。B组发生骨不连3例,畸形愈合2例。结论:与传统锁定螺钉相比,对侧皮质锁定螺钉在骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间、术后患肢功能优良率方面具有优势,但在并发症发生率方面没有明显差异。对侧皮质锁定螺钉的治疗指征及自身强度还有待大样本、多中心的临床研究进一步明确。     

掌侧DVR^TM-Anatomic钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折20例临床疗效研究

目的：探讨切开复位掌侧解剖锁定加压钢板（DVR-Anatomic）内固定在桡骨远端骨折治疗中的临床疗效。方法：对20例桡骨远端骨折患者经掌侧切口进行切开复位、DVR^TM-Anatomic内固定,并随访其骨折愈合情况及远期功能效果。结果：所有病例均获随访,平均随访时间为11.3个月（3～20个月）。所有骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为65d（56～84 d）,无伤口感染、骨不连、内固定断裂脱出、伸指受限等并发症。运用DASH调查表和PRWE评分了解上肢的症状及从事日常活动的能力,且在末次随访时两种评分系统的平均值分别为9.58±14.87和13.73±18.42。结论：对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折掌侧入路DVR-Anatomic钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效满意,值得推广。     

桡骨远端骨折治疗的选择

目的：探讨不同类型的桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法。方法：分析106例桡骨远端骨折,分别采用闭合手法复位,切开复位或有限切开复位内固定方法,分别对骨折复位比较及功能评分。结果：完整随访106例桡骨远端骨折病例,随访时间3～21个月。对保守治疗组与手术治疗组进行骨折复位测定及改良Garland和Werley评分,A,B型骨折无显著性差异;C型骨折中,手术组明显优于保守治疗组。结论：对于C型骨折,建议行切开复位内固定治疗;对于A,B型需根据实际情况选择治疗方式。     

闭合复位与切开复位治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效对比

目的:探讨闭合复位与切开复位对桡骨远端骨折患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年3月我院收治的60例桡骨远端骨折患者,随机数字表法分为切开复位组和闭合复位组,每组30例。闭合复位组患者给予闭合复位小夹板或石膏固定治疗,切开复位组患者给予切开复位内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度、术中出血量和手术时间,骨折愈合时间以及患者临床疗效进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后患者的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度水平均升高(P0.05);与闭合复位组相比,切开复位组患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度评分水平较高(P0.05),术中出血量、手术时间水平较高(P0.05),临床治疗的优良率较高(P0.05),两组患者的骨折愈合时间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与闭合复位相比,切开复位能够明显恢复桡骨远端骨折患者的掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度,但手术时间以及术中出血量较多,临床疗效较好,两组患者的骨折愈合时间无明显差异。     

跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法:选取2016年10月到2017年6月期间川北医学院附属医院收治的86例跟骨骨折患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,两组均为43例。对照组采用外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定进行治疗,观察组采用跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定进行治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、踝-后足功能优良率、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、B?hler角、Gissane角和术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者的手术时间和骨折愈合时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),而观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后踝-后足功能优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。在术前和术后12个月时,两组患者的VAS评分、Gissane角、B?hler角比较无统计学差异(P0.05),术后12个月时两组患者的VAS评分均明显低于术前,B?hler角及Gissane角明显高于术前(P0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:跗骨窦入路和外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定均可有效治疗跟骨骨折,但跗骨窦入路可更有效地改善踝-后足功能,且住院时间短、术后并发症发生率更低。     

桡骨远端骨折治疗的选择

目的:探讨不同类型的桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法。方法:分析106例桡骨远端骨折,分别采用闭合手法复位,切开复位或有限切开复位内固定方法,分别对骨折复位比较及功能评分。结果:完整随访106例桡骨远端骨折病例,随访时间3～21个月。对保守治疗组与手术治疗组进行骨折复位测定及改良Garland和Werley评分,A,B型骨折无显著性差异;C型骨折中,手术组明显优于保守治疗组。结论:对于C型骨折,建议行切开复位内固定治疗;对于A,B型需根据实际情况选择治疗方式。     

螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择2010年5月~2013年5月期间我院收治的股骨颈骨折患者237例为研究对象,根据患者扫描检查方式的不同将其分为对照组(112例)和观察组(125例),对照组患者行髋关节X线正位扫描,观察组行髋关节正位64排螺旋CT扫描,两组均根据扫描结果进行分型并制定相应的治疗方案,比较两组患者骨折内固定手术后2年的股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率。结果:两组行骨折内固定手术比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后2年,对照组股骨头坏死5例(22.73%),骨不连6例(27.27%);观察组股骨头坏死1例(3.70%),骨不连1例(3.70%),观察组患者股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT扫描及三维重建成像能够全面、准确显示股骨颈骨折的损伤情况,有助于骨折的正确分型和治疗方法的选择,改善预后。     

解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折22例临床观察

目的分析并探讨采用跟骨解剖型钢板内固定方法对跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对22例跟骨关节内骨折患者26足采用外侧入路切开复位内固定手术治疗,根据Sanders分型法对骨折进行分型,并随访18—24个月。结果治疗后,X线片结果显示共有18足的的Bhler＇S角度处于正常范围,5足Bhler＇S角度处于15°～25°之间,2足Bhler＇S角度不足10°。26足均在7～15周内实现骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为11±3．5周。无一例发生伤感染、螺钉松动或钢板断裂。结论对于距下关节面发生塌陷性跟骨骨折的患者而言,可实施解剖型钢板内固定进行治疗,尽力恢复跟骨的外形以及后关节面的平整并尽量避免发生后遗症。对于术后出现疼痛、疗效不理想的患者,可考虑实施进一步的关节融合术。     

中西医结合治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床分析

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床治疗效果。方法:选取本院收治的桡骨远端骨折患者60例,将其随机分为对照组和实验组,每组30例。对照组采用切开复位钢板螺钉固定方法治疗,实验组采用切开复位钢板螺钉固定加局部中药外敷治疗。观察和比较两组患者的骨折愈合时间、腕部功能恢复情况以及临床疗效。结果:与对照组比较,实验组患者的骨折愈合时间明显缩短,患肢腕部功能明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组的临床总有效率(76.66%)明显高于对照组(65.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗桡骨远端骨折能够有效缩短骨折愈合时间,明显改善患者的腕部功能,值得临床推广。     

胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的疗效

目的:探讨胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法:选择2014年3月-2015年3月本院收治的老年胫腓骨远端骨折患者100例,根据手术方式不同分为减张组和内固定组。减张组行胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板内固定术,内固定组行锁定加压钢板内固定术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症的发生率以及AOFAS评分。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);减张组患者骨折愈合时间短于内固定组,并发症的发生率低于内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者AOFAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。减张组患者的手术优良率高于内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫前减张切口结合LCP内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的临床效果显著,值得推广应用。