新疆蒙古族对糖精和乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的分析

对710名（男328人,女382人）新疆蒙古族进行了糖精和乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的检测分析。结果表明,蒙古人群中的糖精味盲率为4.648％,没有尝味能力的隐性基因频率为0.2156,具有尝味能力的显性基因频率为0.7844,平均尝味阈值为8.009 ±1.34（0.108mol/L）。乙酰水杨酸的尝味阈值分布出现了非常明显的双峰一谷分布,表明该性状是单基因决定的性状,谷底7号液（3.00X10-4mol/L）是味盲的界限,味盲的峰值在1号液（1.7X10-2mol/L）,尝味者的峰值在11号液（1.25X10-5mol/L）,味盲率为90.282％,。经x2检验,男、女性的味盲率元显著差异（P>0.90）,表明决定乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的基因位于常染色体,对该基因的显隐性等特点尚需通过家系分析进行确定。     

河北汉族青少年苯硫脲尝味能力测定与分析

目的测定河北青少年苯硫脲味盲基因频率。方法采用阂值法测定1203名汉族学生对苯硫脲的尝味敏感性。结果味盲率为4．738％,味盲基因频率为0．218,尝味基因频率为0．782。     

新疆伊犁维吾尔族和哈萨克族苯硫脲尝味能力测定

用阈值法对新疆伊犁的维吾尔族１２７４人,哈萨克族２０８０人的苯硫脲尝味能力进行了测定。结果表明,维吾尔族中味盲率为１５．２３％,味盲基因频率为０．３９０２,平均尝味阈值为６．９７±２．８７;哈萨克族中味盲率为１８．１２％,味盲基因频率为０．４２５７,平均尝味阈值为６．４４±２．９４。经显性检验,在维吾尔族和哈萨克族中,味盲率,平均尝味阈值和味盲基因频率在同一民族男女间无明显差异,在维吾尔族和哈萨     

汉族人群中三种物质尝味能力的分析

以苯硫腺(PTC) 糖精(Saccharin)和乙酞水杨酸（Aspirin）分别对同一汉族群体进行味14测定,结果表明苯硫脉与塘精的苦味感受无正相关性,糖精味盲率4.55%,隐性味盲基因频率为0.2132,x²检验r>0.05。乙酞水杨酸的酸味盲存在,味盲率31.07%,隐性味盲基因频率为0.5574,x²检验P>0.050糖精与乙酷水杨酸测试中男、女性味盲率无显著性差异。乙酸水杨酸的男、女性尝味能力经t测验无显著差异,糖精测试中则有显著差异。     

水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸对番茄幼苗叶片中PPO和POD的诱导作用

以番茄品种改良美国908和合作906为试验材料,研究了水杨酸(SA)和乙酰水杨酸(ASA)喷雾处理6-7叶期幼苗后,叶片内多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性在120 h内的变化.结果显示:SA和ASA对2个番茄品种的适宜诱导浓度分别为1 mmol/L和1.39 mmol/L;SA和ASA对PPO活性的诱导效果无显著差异,但对POD活性的诱导效果SA极显著强于ASA;合作906的PPO活性增幅显著大于改良美国908,而POD活性增幅却显著小于改良美国908,且合作906对诱导处理反应更敏感.研究表明,SA和ASA能显著提高番茄幼苗叶片的PPO、POD活性,而酶活性变化在品种和诱导剂间有显著差异.     

乙酰水杨酸和布洛芬对甘蓝试管苗生根的影响

本文用乙酰水杨酸和布洛芬处理甘蓝试管苗 ,研究了两者对试管苗生根的影响。甘蓝 (Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ)品种“春王早生”由潍坊市农业科学院蔬菜研究所提供。从大田取回生长健壮的甘蓝球 ,切去球的上半部及四周叶片 ,留下带有全部腋芽及顶芽的叶球中心柱 ,用 70     

乙酰水杨酸处理对猕猴桃果实成熟衰老的影响及其作用机理

以不同后熟软化阶段猕猴桃果肉组织圆片为材料 ,在 2 0℃下用 1.0mmol L(pH 3.5 )的乙酰水杨酸(ASP)分别处理 4、12和 2 4h后 ,分析其对果实成熟衰老相关因子的影响。结果表明 ,随着果实成熟衰老 ,内源游离SA下降 ,LOX活性增加 ,超氧自由基 (O- ·2 )生成速率增加 ,乙烯释放量加大 ;ASP处理促使组织内源SA水平的增加 ,降低了O- ·2 生成速率 ,抑制了LOX、ACC合成酶和ACC氧化酶的活性以及乙烯的生成。推测ASP可能作为O- ·2 等自由基清除剂 ,通过负反馈调控LOX途径 ,延缓果实的成熟衰老     

新疆伊犁锡伯族和蒙古族的苯硫脲尝味能力测定

用阈值法对新疆伊犁的锡伯族1121人和蒙古族679人的苯硫脲尝味能力进行了测定,结果表明,锡伯族中味盲率为19.98％,味盲基因频率为0.4470,平均尝味阈值为8.53±1.25;蒙古族中味盲率为15.17％,味盲基因频率为0.3895,平均尝味阈值为8.10±1.49。味盲率、平均尝味阈值和味盲基因频率在锡伯族男女间无明显差异(P>0.05),而在蒙古族中,味盲率与味盲基因频率分布男女间差异显著(P<0.01)。在上述这两个民族中,少年组的味盲率高于成年组。对同一受试者的ABO血型与卷舌能力也进行了观察和分析。     

乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)对矮牵牛开花的影响

本文探讨乙酰水杨酸对矮牵牛试管苗现蕾时间、开花率和花期延续时间的影响。矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）是我院实验室的组培试管苗。阿司匹林为市售阿司匹林肠溶片（Aspirin entericcoated tablets,Asp）,主要成分乙酰水杨酸【2-（乙酰氧基）苯甲酸】。采用1／2MS＋0．1mg．L^-1矮壮素【2-氯乙基三甲基氯化铵】培养基,矮牵牛在此培养基中预培养1．2个月后,选用生长状况一致的未现花蕾的幼苗植株为试材。试验分为（1）：土培,将阿司匹林肠溶片研磨至细粉状,兑水成不同浓度,使用前震荡,悬浊液浇灌于土中;再将经预培养的组培苗移入土壤中,每盒3—4株。     

乙酰水杨酸在番茄果实发育期间对蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

研究不同浓度乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对番茄品种‘辽园多丽’果实发育期间蔗糖代谢相关酶影响的结果表明:ASA可抑制果实的维管束和胶质胎座中酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)活性,而提高蔗糖合成酶(SS)与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性;心室隔壁和中果肉中ASA的作用与此相反。ASA促进果实维管束中可溶性糖积累主要通过调控AI和NI活性实现,而在胶质胎座中主要通过调控SS活性实现;在中果肉和心室隔壁中主要通过调控SS和AI活性实现。     

云南傣族、景颇族、阿昌族PTC尝味能力的测定

用阈值法对云南德宏州的傣族、景颇族、阿昌族2327人进行了苯硫脲（PTC）味阈的测定,结果表明：不同民族尝味阈值差异高度显著（P<0.01）,不同民族的味盲率有高度显著性差异,三个民族总计,男女尝味阈值差异高度显著,味盲率差异高度显著;傣族、景颇族和阿昌族中,男女尝味阈值均有高度显著差异;傣族、景颇族的男女性别的味盲率间有高度显者性差异,阿昌族性别味盲率间无显著性差异（P<0.05）;三个民族总计,少年与成年组尝味阈值间有高度显著性差异,而味盲率间无显著性差异。傣、景二个民族不同年龄的尝味阈值间有高度显著性差异,阿昌族年龄的尝味阈值间无显著性差异;傣、景民族年龄间的味盲率无显著性差异,而阿昌族味盲率有显著性差异（0.05>P>0.01）。     

Genomic Analysis of Natural Selection and Phenotypic Variation in High-Altitude Mongolians

Deedu (DU) Mongolians, who migrated from the Mongolian steppes to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau approximately 500 years ago, are challenged by environmental conditions similar to native Tibetan highlanders. Identification of adaptive genetic factors in this population could provide insight into coordinated physiological responses to this environment. Here we examine genomic and phenotypic variation in this unique population and present the first complete analysis of a Mongolian whole-genome sequence. High-density SNP array data demonstrate that DU Mongolians share genetic ancestry with other Mongolian as well as Tibetan populations, specifically in genomic regions related with adaptation to high altitude. Several selection candidate genes identified in DU Mongolians are shared with other Asian groups (e.g., EDAR), neighboring Tibetan populations (including high-altitude candidates EPAS1, PKLR, and CYP2E1), as well as genes previously hypothesized to be associated with metabolic adaptation (e.g., PPARG). Hemoglobin concentration, a trait associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans, is at an intermediate level in DU Mongolians compared to Tibetans and Han Chinese at comparable altitude. Whole-genome sequence from a DU Mongolian (Tianjiao1) shows that about 2% of the genomic variants, including more than 300 protein-coding changes, are specific to this individual. Our analyses of DU Mongolians and the first Mongolian genome provide valuable insight into genetic adaptation to extreme environments.     

内蒙古布里亚特蒙古人和东部蒙古族人EsD和PGM1的基因频率研究

酯酶D(EsD)和磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGMl)的遗传多态性在法医学、遗传学、人类学、临床医学中均有应用价值。本文研究了内蒙古东部蒙古人和原苏联布里亚特蒙古人移民中EsD和PGMl表型分布及其基因频率。 材料和方法 东部蒙古人血样采自内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟海拉尔市小学生,共181份。布里亚特蒙古人血样采自呼伦贝尔盟鄂温克自治旗锡尼河索木,献血人207名。献血人员身体健康,三     

Restriction Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Koreans and Mongolians

Using the data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction polymorphism, the gene pools of Koreans (N = 164) and Mongolians (N = 48) were characterized. It was demonstrated that the gene pools were represented by the common set of mtDNA haplogroups of East Asian origin (M*, M7, M8a, M10, C, D4, G*, G2, A, B*, B5, F1, and N*). In addition to this set, mtDNA haplogroups D5 and Y were identified in Koreans while Mongolians possessed haplogroup Z. Only in Mongolians, a European component with the frequency of 10.4% and represented by the mtDNA types belonging to haplogroups K, U4, and N1, was identified. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of the data on mtDNA variation in the populations of South Siberia, Central, and East Asia suggested the existence of interpopulation differentiation within these regions, the main role in which was played by the geographical and linguistic factors. Analysis of the pairwise F _ST distances demonstrated close genetic similarity of Koreans to Northern Chinese, which in turn, were clearly different from Southern Chinese populations. Mongolians occupied an intermediate position between the ethnic groups of South Siberia and Central/East Asia.     

阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的相关危险因素研究

目的:比较由阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的相关危险因素OR值,探讨其引起消化道大出血的相关机制。方法:收集哈医大四院消化内科及心内科2009年5月份至2013年6月份仅口服阿司匹林一种非甾体抗炎药的100例患者,用药过程中引发上消化道出血的49例患者作为研究组,其余未发生消化道出血的51例患者作为对照组,采集现病史、既往史、吸烟史、行凝血常规、Hp检测及胃镜检查,经单因素统计分析筛选出阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的危险因素;通过多元Logistic回归分析得出阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的独立危险因素。结果:年龄60岁、Hp感染、既往溃疡病史、糖尿病、吸烟的患者在研究组所占比例明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义;经多元Logistic回归后表明年龄60岁、Hp感染、既往溃疡病史、糖尿病患者和阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的OR值具有统计学差异。结论:年龄60岁、Hp感染、溃疡病史、糖尿病患者是阿司匹林引发上消化道出血的4个独立危险因素。     

Sero-prevalence of RBC alloantibodies among Han and minority patients in Xinjiang

The aim of the study was to examine the sero-prevalence and frequency of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies (RAAbs) and to investigate the risk factors for producing RAAbs among the Han and Uyghurs in Xinjiang. The RBC antibody screening test and identification were conducted for 45,163 Han and 70,633 Uyghurs admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2010 to December 2014. RBC alloantibodies against the Rh antigens were the most frequent, including anti-E(21.7% in the Han, 21.6% in Uyghurs) and anti-D(18.5% in the Han, 18.2% in Uyghurs). Notably, the sero-prevalence of anti-K and anti-Fy^a was also high in Xinjiang. Transfusion and pregnancy were risk factors among both the Han and Uyghurs; furthermore, Uyghurs had a higher sero-prevalence of RBC antibodies compared to that of Han because of a higher incidence of these risk factors. We concluded that RBC alloantibodies against the Rh factor showed the highest frequency, and antibodies against Asian-related high-frequency antigens, including Fy^a and low-frequency antigens, such as K were notably high in Xinjiang.     

导入反义蜡质基因改良水稻稻米的食味品质和营养品质

经PCR、Southern blot和稻米GUS检测,蜡质基因反义片段与gus构成的融合基因已整合到8株水稻基因组中,并能正确表达。通过稻米GUS染色追踪分析获得转反义蜡质基因纯合后代。将转基因植株的稻米送农业部稻米及制品质量监督检验测试中心进行糙米蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量测定。结果显示：（1）在转反义蜡质基因纯合的超2-10粳稻后代中,大多数单株糙米在直链淀粉含量降低的同时,蛋白质含量有不同程度提高,糙米蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关关系;（2）对照糙米直链淀粉平均含量和糙米蛋白质平均含量分别为13.4%和9.5%。在转基因植株中,稻米直链淀粉含量最低的为11.4%,而蛋白质含量也相对最高,为13.5%。本试验结果表明在水稻中导入反义蜡质基因不仅能够降低水稻稻米的直链淀粉含量,还有可能提高水稻稻米的蛋白质含量。     

Transfer of Sucrose-Fermenting Ability and Nisin Production Phenotype among Lactic Streptococci

Transfer of sucrose fermentation ability, nisin production, and nisin resistance from Streptococcus lactis to S. lactis and Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of DNase. Transconjugants were able to act as donors to transfer the Suc-Nis phenotype in subsequent mating. No changes in sensitivity to lytic phage c2 were noted in S. lactis transconjugants. However, temperature-independent restriction of lytic phage 18-16 was noted in transconjugants of S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis 18-16. Adsorption studies with phage-resistant transconjugants showed that resistance was not due to lack of adsorption by the lytic phage. Physical evidence for the presence of introduced plasmid DNA was not found in lysates of transconjugants.