新型戊肝病毒ORF3和部分ORF1基因的序列分析

用RT－PCR方法对2例感染新型HEV的样品进行了检测,并对PCR产物进行了克隆及测序。检测结果显示用常规PCR检测易造成ORF3中GC丰富区的缺失,但不同于已报道的HEVⅠ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,为一新的基因型。T1和T11与Ⅰ型在该区的核苷酸同源性为79％－82％;与Ⅱ型的同源性为80％－81％;和Ⅲ型的同源性为83％－85％。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒swCH-GS189株ORF2基因的克隆及序列分析

为进行猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2基因特征研究,参照GenBank中已发表的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)核酸序列,设计了一对扩增HEV ORF2基因的引物,利用RT-PCR等方法克隆出了一株猪戊型肝炎病毒甘肃分离株GS189的ORF2基因cDNA片段.序列测定结果表明,swCH-GS189株的ORF2基因长2 025 bp,编码674个氨基酸,与GenBank中公布的其它毒株间的核苷酸序列同源性为79.1%～91.8%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为89.5%～98.8%.系统发育进化树结果表明,该分离株为基因IV型.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒不同分离株vp2基因部分核酸序列分析

根据已报告的传染性法氏囊病病毒（Infectious bursd disease virus,IBDV)cDNA序列,设计引物,用RTPCR扩增CH（鸡）,DU（鸭）,GE（鹅）和SP（麻雀）四种不同源IBDV分离株的vp2基因高变区。核酸序列测定分析表明,四种不同源IBDV分离株vp2基因高变区的同源性为97％,推导编码蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性98％,两个亲水区和七肽区的氨基酸序列完全一致。本研究结果提示,自然感染IBDV的鸭,鹅和麻雀不仅可成为病毒携带者或传染源,而且在病毒变异中起一定作用。     

199株猪链球菌临床分离株血清型、毒力基因及多位点序列分型分析

【背景】猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis,SS）血清型、基因型众多,毒力因子复杂。【目的】了解SS临床分离株血清型、毒力基因分布、分子分型特征及其之间的相关性。【方法】针对199株SS临床分离株,应用PCR技术进行血清分型和毒力基因检测,采用多位点序列分型方法（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）进行基因分型,并分析SS血清型、毒力基因型和序列型（sequence type,ST型）的流行特点及其关联性。【结果】199株SS临床分离株分属于16种血清型（1、2、3、4、6、7、8、9、10、12、15、16、21、24、29和30型）,主要以2、4、3型为主,分别占26.13%（52/199）、14.57%（29/199）和12.06%（24/199）,未定型（NT）菌株占21.61%（43/199）。共鉴定出72种ST型,其中ST1、ST94、ST117、ST7、ST28和ST87为主要ST型,分别占12.56%（25/199）、11.56%（23/199）、9.56%（19/199）、9.04%（18/199）、6.03%（12/199）和3.01%（6/199）,另有24种新发现的ST型（ST1224—ST1227,ST1229—ST1235,ST1241—ST1242,ST1300—ST1310）;分为12个克隆群（cloning complexes,CC）和32个单个ST型。199株SS分离株中毒力基因fbps的检出率最高,为96.98%（193/199）;共有19种毒力基因型,其中66株（33.17%）epf-/mrp-/sly-/gapdh+/fbps+/orf2+型SS为优势毒力基因型。【结论】近年来SS的优势血清型为2、4和3型;ST型具有明显的遗传异质性,种内分化程度较高且与ST型存在一定交叉性;毒力基因分布情况存在差异,毒力基因型呈现多样化。本研究对SS临床分离株的流行特征进行探究,为猪SS病诊断、治疗和制定防控措施提供科学依据。     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS2-3基因片段的序列测定及比较

A couple of CSFV specific primer (PF 5648 and PR 6604) was designed with the aid of computer primer designation software and synthesized based upon the relative conserved regions of published sequences of C strain. NS2-3 gene (p125 gene) fragment of CSFV Shimen strain was amplified successfully by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of infected pig. The product length is 957 bp, located in the central of NS3, a putative NTPase and helicase domain. The obtained PCR product was cloned and then sequenced. The sequence showed that this fragment contained all of seven typical conserved segments of helicase superfamily, including two common NTP-binding motifs, namely, “A” site (GXGKT/S) and “B” site (3hy, 2x) D. Sequence homology analysis revealed that Shimen strain had the highest homology with Japanese strains (ALD and GPE^-), and slightly lower homology with other three CSFV strains (C, BresciaandAlfort). Shimen strain had also significant homology with two BVDV strains (NADL and SD-1). The deduced amino acid sequence homology of Shimen strain with five CSFV and two BVDV strains was all upper than 90%. It is further confirmed that this fragment is the most conserved in pestivirus amino acid sequence. It is consistent with its essential function in replication and translation of virus genome and in processing of polyprotein precursor.     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS2—3基因片段的序列测定及比较

根据猪瘟病毒Ｃ株的序列,以计算机辅助设计,化学合成１对引物（ＰＦ５６４８／ＰＲ６６０４）,应用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术从感染猪血中成功地扩增了我国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株ＮＳ２３基因片段,大小为９５７ｂｐ,位于ＮＳ３基因的中部ＮＴＰａｓｅ和Ｈｅｌｉｃａｓｅ活性区。克隆后测序,结果表明该段基因产物具有解旋酶超家族全部七个特征性保守序列,包括共同的ＮＴＰ结合基序Ａ位点（ＧＸＧＫＴ／Ｓ）和Ｂ位点（３ｈｙ,２ｘ）Ｄ。序列同源性比较表明,石门株与日本的ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ－株同源性最高,与其它３株猪瘟病毒（Ｃ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株和Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株）的同源性也很高,并与２株牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）（ＮＡＤＬ株和ＳＤ１株）也有较高的同源性,尤其是由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列,同源性均大于９０％,是瘟病毒属基因组中最保守的区段,这与该基因产物在病毒复制及聚蛋白前体加工过程中所具有的重要功能是一致的     

传染性支气管炎病毒青岛腺胃分离株(SD/97/02)S2蛋白基因的序列测定和分析

根据GenBank上发表的IBV S2基因序列,自行设计了两对引物,分别扩增SD／97／02株S2基因的上游1100bp部分和下游的900bp部分,两段序列拼接后包含了S2全基因的序列。将此两段分别克隆入pGEM T-easy载体,测序后将序列用分析软件DNASTAR和网上的BLAST软件进行分析,结果表明,S2基因比S1基因相对来说更保守,位于氨基酸第560－600位很有是与囊膜锚着的部位,而S2与S1的交界处以HRRRR为特征,这不同地常规的RRF／SRR。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒不同分离株vp2基因部分核酸序列分析

根据已报告的传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)cDNA序列,设计引物,用RT-PCR扩增CH(鸡)、DU(鸭)、GE(鹅)和SP(麻雀)四种不同源IBDV分离株的vp2基因高变区.核酸序列测定分析表明,四种不同源IBDV分离株vp2基因高变区的同源性为97%,推导编码蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性98%,两个亲水区和七肽区的氨基酸序列完全一致.本研究结果提示,自然感染IBDV的鸭、鹅和麻雀不仅可成为病毒携带者或传染源,而且在病毒变异中起一定作用.     

IBDVvp2基因高变区序列测定与进化分析

本实验采用来源于江苏地区的六株不同鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)毒株,应用RT-PCR法对vp2基因高变区进行了扩增,构建重组质粒pMD18T-vp2,测序.与有代表性的IBDV毒株VP2基因高变区序列进行比较分析,以ClustalX软件进行序列比对,得到基因序列及氨基酸序列同源性,IBDVY3、P2G、P8G、SZ、Y5和W04(6株)IBDV与D6984(荷兰)的同源性达到99.0%以上,与其它一些超强毒株(very virulentIBDV,vvIBDV)的同源性也达到了97.8%以上,并在关键氨基酸位点符合vvIBDV特征,采用Phylip3.5软件分析作出进化树,其结果从分子水平说明六个毒株均为vvIBDV,与欧洲和日本的超强毒株有较近的亲缘关系,而与美洲株的较远,从而为IBDV分子流行病学研究和疫苗的研制提供了科学依据.     

22株猪瘟病毒E2基因部分编码序列的序列分析

RT－PCR方法获得了13株猪瘟病毒分离株、石门系强毒、中国C株及法国温度敏感株Thiverval株的E2基因部分编码序列的拉增片段,并对其进行了测序,得到了251bp的E2基因部分编码序列。利用DNAStar软件对其中224bp的片段进行了序列分析,并与已发表的Alfort、Brescia等毒株进行比较,结果13株猪瘟分离株所测片段均为猪瘟病毒E2基因的序列,与石门系强毒的序列相比所有毒株的碱基替换随机地分布于整个序列,无碱基缺失和碱基插入。其中变化较大的区域位于序列的3′端。2 2株HCV E2基因部分编码序列的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为78.1%-100%、78.4%-100%,其中13株猪瘟病毒流行毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为:78.1%-100%、78.4%-100%,4株70－80年代分离的毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为：79.0%-88.3%、81.1%-87.8%,9株90年代分离的毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为：90.3%-100%、83.8%-100％;说明猪病毒流行株的变异呈现一定的多样性。     

Quasispecies composition and phylogenetic analysis of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) in naturally infected cats

Quasispecies composition and tissue distribution of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) were studied in naturally infected cats. The genomic complexity of FCoVs was investigated using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of N and ORF7b amplicons, and the evolutionary process was investigated by sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. SSCP analysis showed high heterogeneity of the FCoV genome which was correlated with the seriousness of the clinical form. The two genomic regions analysed showed different levels of variation; the N region demonstrated significant heterogeneity as compared to ORF7b. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed the clear separation of sequences analysed on the basis of virulence and geographical origin. A maximum likelihood analysis of N and ORF7b data sets showed a situation of strong heterogeneity for the N region.     

Characterization of T helper (Th)1- and Th2-type immune responses caused by baculovirus-expressed protein derived from the S2 domain of feline infectious peritonitis virus, and exploration of the Th1 and Th2 epitopes in a mouse model

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) may cause a lethal infection in cats. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of FIPV infection has been recognized, and cellular immunity is considered to play an important role in preventing the onset of feline infectious peritonitis. In the present study, whether or not the T helper (Th)1 epitope was present in the spike (S)2 domain was investigated, the ADE epitope being thought to be absent from this domain. Three kinds of protein derived from the C-terminal S2 domain of S protein of the FIPV KU-2 strain were developed using a baculovirus expression system. These expressed proteins were the pre-coil region which is the N-terminal side of the putative fusion protein (FP), the region from FP to the heptad repeat (HR)2 (FP-HR2) region, and the inter-helical region which is sandwiched between HR1 and HR2. The ability of three baculovirus-expressed proteins to induce Th1- and Th2-type immune responses was investigated in a mouse model. It was shown that FP-HR2 protein induced marked Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. Furthermore, 30 peptides derived from the FP-HR2 region were synthesized. Five and 16 peptides which included the Th1 and Th2 epitopes, respectively, were identified. Of these, four peptides which included both Th1 and Th2 epitopes were identified. These findings suggest that the identification of Th1 epitopes in the S2 domain of FIPV has important implications in the cat.     

Determination of the cell tropism of serotype 1 feline infectious peritonitis virus using the spike affinity histochemistry in paraffin‐embedded tissues

Unlike for serotype II feline coronaviruses (FCoV II), the cellular receptor for serotype I FCoV (FCoV I), the most prevalent FCoV serotype, is unknown. To provide a platform for assessing the pattern by which FCoV I attaches to its host receptor(s), HEK293 cell lines that stably express the ectodomains of the spike (S) proteins derived from a FCoV I feline enteric coronavirus strain UU7 (FECV UU7) and a feline infectious peritonitis virus strain UU4 (FIPV UU4) were established. Using the recombinant S proteins as probes to perform S protein affinity histochemistry in paraffin‐embedded tissues, although no tissue or enteric binding of FECV UU7 S protein was detected, it was found that by immunohistochemistry that the tissue distribution of FIPV UU4 S protein‐bound cells correlated with that of FIPV antigen‐positive cells and lesions associated with FIP and that the affinity binding of FIPV UU4 S protein on macrophages was not affected by enzymatic removal of host cell‐surface sialic acid with neuraminidase. These findings suggest that a factor(s) other than sialic acid contribute(s) to the macrophage tropism of FIPV strain UU4. This approach allowed obtaining more information about both virus–host cell interactions and the biological characteristics of the unidentified cellular receptor for FCoV I.

     

Two Inhibitors Against the 3C-Like Proteases of Swine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus

Virologica Sinica - Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human and animal pathogens that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED), characterized by severe...     

一株马冠状病毒的分离鉴定及遗传演化分析

马冠状病毒病是由马冠状病毒(equine coronavirus, ECoV)引起的一种马新发胃肠道病毒病,成年马感染后主要出现发烧、腹痛和腹泻等症状。1975年,马冠状病毒感染首次在美国出现,此后在多个国家和地区均有流行,此前我国仅从山东腹泻驴的小肠样品中分离得到了一株重组马冠状病毒。【目的】了解ECoV中国毒株的基因组成、亲缘关系以及生物学特性,可以为我国ECoV流行现状和遗传演化趋势提供依据,为ECoV防控产品的研发提供材料。【方法】对湖北省武汉市黄陂区腹泻马匹的粪便样品进行RT-PCR检测,对检测阳性样品进行病毒分离,并利用靶向ECoV S1蛋白的单克隆抗体通过间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA)对分离的病毒进行验证。根据ECoV-JL株全基因组测序结果,对全基因组、N基因和NS2基因进行了基因组系统发育分析和同源性比较。【结果】成功分离到一株ECoV,并命名为ECoV-JL。透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy, TEM)观察分离到的病毒颗粒呈球状,且具有囊膜和冠状病毒典型的纤突结构。该分离株感染HRT-18细胞72 h后病毒滴度可到达峰值,半数组织培养感染剂量(tissue culture infectious dose 50%, TCID₅₀)约为10^6.16 TCID₅₀/mL。ECoV-JL毒株可以在人回盲肠癌(human ileocecal cancer-18, HRT-18)细胞、人结直肠腺癌(human colorectal adenocarcinoma-2, Caco-2)细胞和人肝癌(human liver cancer cells, Huh7)细胞上稳定传代。ECoV-JL株与GenBank中现有的ECoV全基因组序列相似性为97.9%-99.0%,系统发育分析发现ECoV-JL株属于单独的演化分支,与其他毒株的亲缘关系较远,说明ECoV-JL株可能是重组变异而来,其中NS2基因突变较多,NS2基因编码的差异是造成ECoV-JL株与其他毒株同源性较差的主要原因。【结论】本研究从腹泻马的粪便样品中成功分离并鉴定了一株ECoV,将其命名为ECoV-JL株,对该毒株生物学特性和亲缘关系的研究反映了湖北地区流行毒株的特点,为我国ECoV流行现状和演化趋势提供重要依据。     

Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three avian influenza H9N2 subtypes in Guangxi

Three isolates of H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses (AIV) were isolated from chickens in Guangxi province. Eight pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the sequences of H9N2 at GenBank. phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of homology between the Guangxi isolates and isolates from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces, suggesting that the Guangxi isolates originated from the same source. However, the eight genes of the three isolates from Guangxi were not in the same sublineages in their respective phylogenetic trees, which suggests that they were products of natural reassortment between H9N2 avian influenza viruses from different sublineages. The 9 nucleotides ACAGAGATA which encode amino acids T, G, I were absent between nucleotide 205 and 214 in the open reading frame of the NA gene in the Guangxi isolates. AIV strains that infect human have, in their HA proteins, leucine at position 226. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequence of HA proteins showed that position 226 of these isolates contained glycine instead of leucine, suggesting that these three isolates differ from H9N2 AIV strains isolated from human infections.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国流行株免疫原S1基因的分子克隆、序列分析及其DNA免疫的初步研究

对来源于我国华东地区的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒流行株ＱＤ免疫原Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ进行了克隆、序列分析和ＤＮＡ免疫的初步研究。ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增ＱＤ毒株的Ｓ１基因,将其５′和３′端分别进行分子修饰后插入克隆载体ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨⅠ／ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的克隆;利用英国ＩＢＶ毒株Ｓ１全基因核酸探针与ＱＤ毒株Ｓ１基因的重组克隆质粒分子杂交后,采用ＨａｅⅢ,ＰｖｕⅡ和ＸｂａⅠ等限制酶对此流行毒株Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ进行了酶切分析;在测定ＱＤ毒株Ｓ１基因５′端高变区核苷酸序列并以此与ＩＢＶＭ４１,Ｈ１２０,６／８２及Ｂｅａｕｄ等参考毒株序列对比分析的基础上,构建了ＱＤ株Ｓ１基因ＤＮＡ免疫表达质粒,肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,鸡胚病毒中和试验的结果表明,ＩＢＶＳ１基因ＤＮＡ免疫表达质粒能诱导小鼠产生病毒特异的中和抗体,具有良好的免疫原性,初步显示基因疫苗在鸡传染性支气管炎防治上应用前景。     

Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Peplomer,Integral Membrane and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Feline,Canine and Porcine Coronaviruses

Complete nucleotide sequences were determined by cDNA cloning of peplomer (S), integral membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) genes of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) type I strain KU-2, UCD1 and Black, and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) type II strain 79–1683. Only M and N genes were analyzed in strain KU-2 and strain 79–1683, which still had unknown nucleotide sequences. Deduced amino acid sequences of S, M and N proteins were compared in a total of 7 strains of coronaviruses, which included FIPV type II strain 79–1146, canine coronavirus (CCV) strain Insavc-1 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine (TGEV) strain Purdue. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of M and N proteins revealed that both M and N proteins had an identity of at least 90% between FIPV type I and type II. The phylogenetic tree of the M and N protein-deduced amino acid sequences showed that FIPV type I and type II form a group with FECV type II, and that these viruses were evolutionarily distant from CCV and TGEV. On the other hand, when the S protein-deduced amino acid sequences was compared, identity of only about 45% was found between FIPV type I and type II. The phylogenetic tree of the S protein-deduced amino acid sequences indicated that three strains of FIPV type I form a group, and that it is a very long distance from the FIPV type II, FECV type II, CCV and TGEV groups.     

一株A型口蹄疫流行毒株全序列的测定及其全长感染性克隆的构建

【目的】测定一株A型口蹄疫流行毒株的全基因组序列,并构建其全长感染性克隆。【方法】参照已公布的A型口蹄疫病毒序列设计引物,将分离的口蹄疫病毒株A/Sea-97/CHA/2014全基因组分为4个重叠的片段进行RT-PCR扩增,并对其进行序列测定与分析。利用酶切连接法将4个基因片段依次克隆至p Blue Script SKhdv载体中,构建该流行毒株的全长c DNA克隆p QAHN。pQAHN经NotⅠ线性化后转染表达T7 RNA聚合酶的BSR/T7细胞,拯救病毒。【结果】口蹄疫病毒全基因组序列测定结果表明该毒株基因组全长8 171 bp[不包括poly(C)区段和poly(A)尾巴],开放阅读框为6 996 bp,编码2 332个氨基酸,5′和3′非编码区分别为1 091 bp和95 bp。VP1系统发生树分析表明该毒株与A/GDMM/CHA/2013毒株亲缘关系最近,相似性为99.1%。线化全长质粒转染BSR/T7细胞68 h后可观察到典型的细胞病变。拯救病毒的间接免疫荧光、RT-PCR和序列测定结果表明成功拯救出了具有感染性的FMDV。拯救病毒与亲本病毒的噬斑表型及生长曲线试验表明二者具有相似的生长表型和增殖能力。【结论】该研究为我国口蹄疫病原生态分布、分子流行病学调查以及A型FMD新型疫苗的研究提供了有益的材料。