慢性疲劳综合征中学生运动前后尿液差异代谢物的比较

目的：探讨慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）中学生运动前后尿液的差异代谢物及其代谢通路特征,阐述慢性疲劳综合征的代谢机制。方法：依据美国疾病预防控制中心关于CFS的筛选标准,选取8名17~19岁男性CFS中学生作为受试对象,同时选择来自同一学校的8名同龄、同性别健康中学生作为对照组。受试者进行一次改良的哈佛台阶运动（上下台阶30次/min,持续3 min）,采集运动前后的尿液,以液相-质谱联用（LC-MS）法检测其差异代谢物;采用多维统计法对所检测到的代谢物进行主成分分析（PAC）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）;通过MetPA数据库分析与差异代谢物相关的代谢通路。结果：与对照组相比较,运动前CFS组筛选出肌酸、吲哚乙醛、植物鞘氨醇和焦谷氨酸4个差异代谢物,其含量均显著下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）;运动后CFS组检测出11个差异代谢物,依次是壬二酸、甲基腺苷、乙酰肉碱、癸酸、皮质酮、肌酸、左炔诺孕酮、泛酸、焦谷氨酸、黄嘌呤核苷和黄尿酸,其中除甲基腺苷和肌酸比对照组显著升高（P<0.05）外,其他9个差异代谢物均较对照组显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。将上述15个差异代谢物分别输入MetPA数据库进行代谢通路权重得分分析,结果显示,运动前CFS组只检测出精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢通路紊乱,标记代谢物为肌酸;而运动后检测出精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢、泛酸与辅酶A生物合成、类固醇激素生物合成3条代谢通路存在障碍,标记代谢物依次是：肌酸、泛酸和皮质酮。结论：运动干预前,CFS中学生的精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢通路紊乱被检出;施加运动后,又检测出其类固醇激素生物合成代谢通路与泛酸和辅酶A代谢通路也存在代谢紊乱情况。     

大理和勐腊中缅树鼩血清及肝差异代谢物的比较

为探究不同海拔地区中缅树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)血清和肝的差异代谢物及代谢通路变化,本研究采集大理(高海拔)和勐腊(低海拔)中缅树鼩分别12只和8只的血清和肝,采用非靶向代谢组气相色谱-质谱联用检测技术测定代谢物.结果 表明,高海拔种群和低海拔种群相比,血清中一共有36种代谢物差异显著,其中,柠檬酸、葡萄...     

基于代谢组方法筛选蜜蜂副伤寒相关差异代谢物的研究

[目的]蜜蜂副伤寒是西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera越冬期的主要易感疾病.本研究旨在探究蜜蜂副伤寒疾病相关的代谢物和代谢通路.[方法]以越冬末期的西方蜜蜂为研究对象,利用基于高效液相质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法检测副伤寒患病群和正常越冬群工蜂肠道中代谢物的变化.[结果]蜜蜂副伤寒患病个体和正常蜜蜂个体在正、负离子模式下分别获得626个和518个差异代谢物,在正、负离子模式下最显著差异的10种代谢物中筛选到镰刀菌氧萘满酮、奎尼丁、褪黑素、去氧紫草素等与蜜蜂物质代谢障碍、细胞凋亡和抗氧化应激相关的差异代谢物.此外,差异代谢物显著富集于与氨基酸代谢密切相关的氨酰-tRNA合成、蛋白质消化吸收、谷胱甘肽代谢、矿物质代谢、多种氨基酸代谢等7个代谢通路.[结论]蜜蜂患副伤寒后肠道中代谢物水平发生显著变化,其中氨基酸和蛋白质的代谢异常可能是蜜蜂副伤寒发病的主要原因.     

重组SOD抗运动性疲劳和抗氧化的初步研究

目的：观察重组SOD对小鼠运动能力和肝、脑组织中抗氧化能力的影响。方法：采用负重力竭性游泳实验测定小鼠的运动能力,观察重组SOD的抗运动性疲劳作用。结果：与对照组比较,给予100U重组SOD的小鼠负重力竭性游泳持续时间增加（P〈0．01）。游泳前2h给予100U重组SOD的小鼠游泳后血清中乳酸（LAC）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平非常显著提高（P〈0．01）,血清尿素氮（BUN）和葡萄糖（Glc）水平则显著提高（P〈0．05）;肝、脑组织中SOD活力非常显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论：重组SOD能改善小鼠的运动能力和抗组织氧化的能力。     

谷氨酰胺对大鼠运动性疲劳的改善作用及其机制

目的: 探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对大鼠运动性疲劳、骨骼肌氧化应激和肝脏细胞凋亡的改善作用。方法: 将8周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠20只, 体重180～220 g,适应性喂养1周后随机分为对照组和谷氨酰胺干预组,每组10只。谷氨酰胺干预组采用每天1.0 g/kg/d谷氨酰胺灌胃(约2 ml),对照组以等体积生理盐水灌胃(约2 ml),持续7 d。随后进行力竭实验,禁食不禁水12 h后处死大鼠,检测血清及骨骼肌谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,检测血清乳酸(LD)水平及肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力;荧光实时定量PCR检测肝组织Bcl-2和Bax 基因表达水平。结果: 与对照组相比,谷氨酰胺干预组大鼠力竭时间显著延长(P＜0.05),血清CK、LDH及LD水平显著降低(P＜0.05),血清与骨骼肌中GSH和SOD水平显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA水平明显降低(P＜0.05);肝组织Bax 基因表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05),Bcl-2 基因表达水平明显显著增高(P＜ 0.05)。结论: 谷氨酰胺有缓解大鼠运动性疲劳的作用,其机制可能与降低骨骼肌氧化应激程度和延缓肝脏细胞凋亡率有关。     

复合茶树接穗与接穗母本的代谢物差异分析

以两个通过群体选育获得的云南普洱茶优良品种‘云瑰’和‘福云6号’为接穗,均以茶树品种‘短节白毫’为砧木所形成的嫁接复合茶树为研究对象,通过代谢组学技术,对两个品种的接穗与接穗母本的代谢物进行分析,考察嫁接前后茶树品种‘云瑰’和‘福云6号’的差异代谢物和共同代谢物的种类、数量变化特征。结果发现:(1)两品种茶树嫁接后比嫁接前的农艺性状均有所改善,嫁接优势明显。(2)相对于‘云瑰’,‘福云6号’的接穗与接穗母本茶叶中差异代谢物的数量与种类都比较少,说明‘福云6号’嫁接在‘短节白毫’上时,接穗能最大程度地保留母本的特点。(3)‘云瑰’的接穗和接穗母本茶叶中检测和定量了115个差异代谢物,且含量表现上调的代谢物数量低于下调的数量;‘福云6号’的接穗和接穗母本茶叶中共检测和定量了47个差异代谢物,且含量表现上调的代谢物数量高于下调的数量。(4)‘云瑰’的接穗和接穗母本茶叶中差异代谢物在38条KEGG通路中富集,大多数已经鉴定的差异代谢物存在于苯丙氨酸代谢等相关途径中;‘福云6号’的接穗和接穗母本茶叶中差异代谢物在21条KEGG通路中富集,大多数已经鉴定的差异代谢物存在于与嘌呤代谢等相关途径中。该研究结果对充分发挥茶树嫁接技术在茶叶生产中的作用提供了理论依据。     

运动性中枢疲劳后脊髓内主要神经递质含量的变化

目的：研究运动性中枢疲劳后脊髓内主要单胺类及氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化,探索运动性疲劳脊髓水平发生机制。方法：运用：Bedford递增负荷运动训练方案建立运动性中枢疲劳模型。将18只雄性成年Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（C）,训练后即刻组（IT）及训练后3 h恢复组（RT）。用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测脊髓内单胺类和氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化。结果：大鼠脊髓内氨基酸类神经递质,在训练后即刻都出现了增高,其中谷氨酸（Glu）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）明显增高（P〈0.05）,甘氨酸（Gly）也出现增高但与对照组相比无显著性差异 训练后经3 h恢复后,氨基酸类神经递质含量基本恢复至对照组水平。单胺类神经递质,去甲肾上腺素（NE）,5-羟色胺（5-HT）在训练后即刻则出现降低趋势,且5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量在训练后3 h恢复组出现了明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：运动性疲劳引起脊髓内神经递质含量的改变,可能与运动性中枢疲劳的发生过程有关。脊髓5-HT在恢复期仍明显降低,提示5-HT可能与疲劳恢复过程有较为密切的关系。     

运动性疲劳对大鼠乳头体nNOS表达的影响

目的：探讨乳头体中神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）与运动性疲劳的关系。方法：建立运动性疲劳动物模型,用免疫组织化学方法检测乳头体内侧核内侧部（mmm）、乳头体内侧核外侧部（mml）、乳头体内侧核后部（mmp）和乳头体外侧核（1m）等部位nNOS的表达。结果：疲劳组大鼠mm／n处nNOS阳性神经元数量为（4．504±2．84）cells／U,面积为（179．81±130．15）μm^2,均大于对照组（P〈0．05,P（0．01）;疲劳组大鼠mml处nNOS阳性神经元数量为（43．7±6．93）cells／U,面积为（5208．63±1253．20）μm^2,均大于对照组（P〈0．01）;疲劳组大鼠mmp处nNOS阳性神经元数量为（8．88±4．26）cells／U,面积为（202．75±109．67）μm^2,均大于对照组（P〈0．05）;疲劳组大鼠lm处nNOS阳性神经元数量为（27．2±6．94）cells／U,面积为（2763．23±1107．35）μm^2,均大于对照组（P〈0．01）;疲劳组大鼠mmp处和lm处nNOS阳性神经元灰度值分别为54．274±14．86和72．454±28．07,均大于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论：乳头体nNOS神经元与运动性疲劳密切相关,NO可能在乳头体对疲劳应激反应的调节中发挥重要作用。     

摔跤运动员赛前集训控体重对肠道菌群及其代谢物的影响

探究赛前集训控体重对高水平摔跤运动员肠道菌群及代谢物的影响。

招募某省摔跤队运动员11名,在赛前集训期前后测量身体成分、收集粪便样本,采用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测肠道微生物的分布和丰度,利用非靶向代谢组学分析微生物的差异代谢产物及其所富集的功能。

摔跤运动员赛前集训后体重显著降低（P＜0.05）,但肌肉含量无显著差异。微生物组结果显示,控体重前后男女运动员肠道菌群alpha多样性和beta多样性均无显著差异。男性运动员Intestinibacter丰度显著增高（P＜0.05）,且与体重、四肢骨骼肌指数变化量呈正相关。代谢组学分析结果显示,男性运动员菌群差异代谢物富集于硫代谢和主要胆汁酸代谢相关通路,女性运动员菌群差异代谢物富集于神经活性配体—受体交互相关信号通路;Intestinibacter丰度变化与胆汁酸7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate变化呈正相关。

赛前集训控体重未影响摔跤运动员肠道菌群生物多样性和整体物种构成,但可以改变男性摔跤运动员肠道菌群中产丁酸盐菌属的相对丰度,整体表现为运动员肠道菌群对控体重过程较为适应。

     

女子足球运动员比赛时心率和赛后血乳酸浓度的研究

在比赛条件下观察了12名女子足球运动员的心率和血乳酸的变化。上、下半场比赛时,心率在170次/分以上者分别占总记录次数的20.8％和13.0％,心率小于150次/分者则分别为37.5％和48.2％。上、下半场赛后血乳酸分别为33.9±8.29mg％和21.64±6.96mg％(P相似文献   

Melatonin ingestion after exhaustive late-evening exercise improves sleep quality and quantity,and short-term performances in teenage athletes

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to explore the effects of a single 10-mg dose of melatonin (MEL) administration after exhaustive late-evening exercise on sleep quality and quantity, and short-term physical and cognitive performances in healthy teenagers. Ten male adolescent athletes (mean ± SD, age = 15.4 ± 0.3 years, body-mass = 60.68 ± 5.7 kg, height = 167.9 ± 6.9 cm and BMI = 21.21 ± 2.5) performed two test sessions separated by at least one week. During each session, participants completed the Yo-Yo intermittent-recovery-test level-1 (YYIRT-1) at ~20:00 h. Then, sleep polysomnography was recorded from 22:15 min to 07:00 h, after a double blind randomized order administration of a single 10-mg tablet of MEL (MEL-10 mg) or Placebo (PLA). The following morning, Hooper wellness index was administered and the participants performed the Choice Reaction Time (CRT) test, the Zazzo test and some short-term physical exercises (YYIRT-1, vertical and horizontal Jumps (VJ; HJ), Hand grip strength (HG), and five-jump test (5-JT)). Evening total distance covered in the YYIRT-1 did not change during the two conditions (p > 0.05). Total sleep time (Δ = 24.55 mn; p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (Δ = 4.47%; p < 0.001), stage-3 sleep (N3 sleep) (Δ = 1.73%; p < 0.05) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (Δ = 2.15%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher with MEL in comparison with PLA. Moreover, sleep-onset-latency (Δ = –8.45mn; p < 0.001), total time of nocturnal awakenings after sleep-onset (NA) (Δ = –11 mn; p < 0.001), stage-1 sleep (N1 sleep) (Δ = –1.7%; p < 0.001) and stage-2 sleep (N2 sleep) (Δ = ?1.9%; p < 0.05) durations were lower with MEL. The Hooper index showed a better subjective sleep quality, a decrease of the subjective perception of fatigue and a reduced level of muscle soreness with MEL. Moreover, MEL improved speed and performance but not inaccuracy during the Zazzo test. CRT was faster with MEL. Morning YYIRT-1 (Δ = 82 m; p < 0.001) and 5-JT (Δ = 0.08 m; p < 0.05) performances were significantly higher with MEL in comparison with PLA. In contrast, HG, VJ and HJ performances did not change during the two conditions (p > 0.05). The administration of a single dose of MEL-10 mg after strenuous late-evening exercise improved sleep quality and quantity, selective attention, subjective assessment of the general wellness state, and some short-term physical performances the following morning in healthy teenagers.     

Acute supplementation of valine reduces fatigue during swimming exercise in rats

We investigated the respective effects of the acute supplementation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine on metabolism-related markers by administering a swimming exercise test to rats. As a behavioral analysis, we evaluated the effect of valine and that of leucine on spontaneous activity after exercise. Acute supplementation of valine before exercise significantly suppressed the depression of the liver glycogen and the blood glucose after exercise, whereas leucine decreased the blood glucose and isoleucine had no effect. Valine or leucine supplementation significantly decreased the plasma corticosterone level after exercise, while isoleucine had no effect. In the behavioral analysis, valine significantly increased the spontaneous activity after exercise, whereas leucine had no effect. These results indicate that in rats, the acute supplementation of valine, not leucine or isoleucine, is effective for maintaining liver glycogen and blood glucose and increasing spontaneous activity after exercise, which could contribute to the reduction of fatigue during exercise.     

决明子水煎液复合4周游泳训练对小鼠运动性疲劳的干预作用*

目的:探究决明子水煎液复合4周游泳训练对小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响。方法:将40只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。对照组每天灌胃20 ml蒸馏水,连续4周;运动组是在对照组的基础上增加了运动干预;决明子组每天灌胃20 ml剂量为1 mg/ml的决明子水煎液;决明子运动组在决明子组的基础上增加了运动干预,运动干预为4周的无负重游泳训练。观察小鼠的力竭游泳运动时间、RMR、SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平。采用One-Way ANOVE对所得数据进行组间比较,多重比较采用S-N-K法。结果:小鼠的RMR、SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平在组间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),力竭游泳运动时间存在着极显著性差异(P＜ 0.01);力竭游泳运动时间、GSH-Px和SOD水平在不同组间的排序为对照组＜运动组＜决明子组＜决明子运动组,MDA水平的排序为决明子运动组＜决明子组＜运动组＜对照组,RMR的排序为决明子组＜决明子运动组或对照组＜对照组或运动组(P＜0.05)。结论:决明子的药物作用和运动训练的刺激都能够不同程度地提高机体的抗疲劳能力,单一手段干预时决明子优于4周游泳训练,复合干预总体上优于单一手段的干预效果。     

代谢组学在肿瘤药物靶点筛选中的应用进展

肿瘤是一种多因素参与造成机体各系统功能平衡紊乱的代谢性疾病,代谢重编程是恶性肿瘤的重要特征之一.研究"代谢指纹图谱"的代谢组学,通过揭示肿瘤或药物引起的宿主内源性代谢物的变化,为肿瘤药物靶点的筛选提供了可能.但目前对代谢组在肿瘤药物靶点筛选中的整体性综述并不多见,因此,本文在介绍了代谢组学筛选肿瘤药物靶点的流程的基础上...     

柞蚕蛹培养蛹虫草不同时间后的代谢组分析

为了解柞蚕蛹培养蛹虫草(简称柞蚕蛹虫草)不同时间后的代谢物变化规律,利用广泛靶向代谢组学技术,比较不同培养时期的柞蚕蛹虫草代谢产物成分,找出差异代谢物并进行代谢通路分析.在柞蚕蛹虫草的5个生长时期共检测到10类421种化合物,主要包括:氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、萜类、酚酸、有机酸、糖及醇类、甾体、脂类、生物碱...     

Decreased exercise blood lactate concentrations after respiratory endurance training in humans

For many years, it was believed that ventilation does not limit performance in healthy humans. Recently, however, it has been shown that inspiratory muscles can become fatigued during intense endurance exercise and decrease their exercise performance. Therefore, it is not surprising that respiratory endurance training can prolong intense constant-intensity cycling exercise. To investigate the effects of respiratory endurance training on blood lactate concentration and oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise and their relationship to performance, 20 healthy, active subjects underwent 30 min of voluntary, isocapnic hyperpnoea 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Respiratory endurance tests, as well as incremental and constant-intensity exercise tests on a cycle ergometer, were performed before and after the 4-week period. Respiratory endurance increased from 4.6 (SD 2.5) to 29.1 (SD 4.0) min (P < 0.001) and cycling endurance time was prolonged from 20.9 (SD 5.5) to 26.6 (SD 11.8) min (P < 0.01) after respiratory training. The VO2 did not change at any exercise intensity whereas blood lactate concentration was lower at the end of the incremental [10.4 (SD 2.1) vs 8.8 (SD 1.9) mmol x l(-1), P < 0.001] as well as at the end of the endurance exercise [10.4 (SD 3.6) vs 9.6 (SD 2.7) mmol x l(-1), P < 0.01] test after respiratory training. We speculate that the reduction in blood lactate concentration was most likely caused by an improved lactate uptake by the trained respiratory muscles. However, reduced exercise blood lactate concentrations per se are unlikely to explain the improved cycling performance after respiratory endurance training.     

Glycosyltransferases: key players involved in the modification of plant secondary metabolites

Glycosyltransferases are members of the multigene superfamily in plants that can transfer single or multiple activated sugars to a range of plant molecules, resulting in the glycosylation of plant compounds. Although the activities of many glycosyltransferases and their products have been recognized for a long time, only in recent years were some glycosyltransferase genes identified and a few functionally characterized in detail. Glycosylation is thought to be one of the most important modification reactions towards plant secondary metabolites, and plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis, thus likely participating in the regulation of plant growth, development and in defense responses to stress environments. With advances in plant genome projects and the development of novel technologies in analyzing gene function, significant progress could be made in gaining new insights into the properties and precise biological roles of plant secondary product glycosyltransferases, and the new knowledge will have extensive application prospects in the catalytic synthesis of glycoconjugates and metabolic engineering of crops. In this review, we summarize the current research, highlighting the possible biological roles, of plant secondary metabolite glycosyltransferases and discuss their potential applications as well as aspects to be further studied in the near future.