春化冬小麦的玉米赤霉烯酮结合蛋白（简报）

玉米赤霉烯酮是八十年代初从高等植物中鉴定出的一种微量生理活性物质,已证明它在植物成花过程中起重要作用。为了阐明玉米赤霉烯酮的作用机制,我们用放射配体竞争结合分析法研究了春化冬小麦的ＺＥＮ特异结合蛋白。结果表明在春化冬小麦胚芽中存在着可溶性的ＺＥＮ特异结合蛋白（ＺＢＰ）。结合反应的ＰＨ范围在６－８,加热、蛋白酶和尿素处理破坏结合活性。玉米赤霉烯酮的同系物α－玉米赤霉醇和β－玉米赤霉醇,以及动物雌性激     

春化冬小麦的玉米赤霉烯酮结合蛋白(简报)(英文)

玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,简称ZEN)是八十年代初从高等植物中鉴定出的一种微量生理活性物质,已证明它在植物成花过程中起重要作用。为了阐明玉米赤霉烯酮的作用机制,我们用放射配体竞争结合分析法研究了春化冬小麦的ZEN特异结合蛋白。结果表明在春化冬小麦胚芽中存在着可溶性的ZEN特异结合蛋白(ZBP)。结合反应的pH范围在6-8,加热、蛋白酶和尿素处理破坏结合活性。玉米赤霉烯酮的同系物α-玉米赤霉醇和β-玉米赤霉醇,以及动物雌性激素雌二醇可与ZEN竞争结合ZBP。其它植物激素不能与ZBP发生竞争结合。蔗糖密度梯度离心分析表明ZBP沉降于4-5S区。     

冬小麦种子萌发过程中的结合态玉米赤霉烯酮

冬小麦种子萌发过程中的结合态玉米赤霉烯酮陈新建（河南农业大学农学系,郑州１５０００２）孟繁静（北京农业大学生物学院,北京１０００９４）关键词结合态玉米赤霉烯酮,冬小麦玉米赤霉烯酮（ｚｅａｒａｌｅｎｏｎｅ）是玉米赤霉菌（Ｇ～ｔｈｅ－）的一种次生代谢产物...     

玉米赤霉烯酮的固相放射免疫分析

SOlid－phaseRadioimmunoassay（RIA）forZearalenoneCHENXin－Jian（DepartmentofAgronomy,HenanAgriculturalUniversit,Zenzhou450002）MENGFan－Jing(CollegeofBiologicalScience,BeijingAgriculturalUniversity,beijing100094）玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone）是玉米赤霉菌（gibbrerellazeae）的一种次生代谢产物，它不但具有动物雌性激素的作用［”j，还是某些真菌的性激素［‘’］。孟繁静等［’－’，“’‘’］发现它普遍存在于植物体内，与植物的许多生理生化过程有密切关系，是一种活跃的植物内源活性物质，参与并直接…     

微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）是霉变谷物中常见的霉菌毒素之一,主要出现在霉变的玉米、小麦等谷物中,给畜禽和人类带来一定程度的健康危害,如生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肝毒性和肾毒性等。目前,解决玉米赤霉烯酮污染问题的方法包括物理、化学和生物3个途径。虽然传统的物理和化学脱毒方法已经运用在许多的饲料生产中,但同时也存在着二次污染的风险。生物降解法是一种利用微生物吸附和降解玉米赤霉烯酮的脱毒方法,具有安全环保、高效、特异性强和脱毒率高的特性,且不影响谷物的营养价值,已成为玉米赤霉烯酮降解研究的热点。本文主要介绍了近年来降解玉米赤霉烯酮的微生物种类,并将其归纳分类,从微生物的脱毒能力、脱毒方法和脱毒产物进行了叙述,综述了微生物脱毒的优点及前景,以期为微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的理论研究及实际应用提供新的视角。     

玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成和降解的研究进展

介绍了玉米赤霉烯酮及其6个衍生物的分子结构,以及玉米赤霉烯酮的生物合成途径。阐述了玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成的基因序列群以及基因簇的表达方式。论述了玉米赤霉烯酮钝化和降解过程, 探讨了玉米赤霉烯酮水解酶在基因工程中的应用研究, 并为今后玉米赤霉烯酮生物工程降解研究提出了建议。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的直接酶联免疫分析

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone)是玉米赤霉菌(Gibberella zeae)的一种次生代谢产物,已被证明,它不但具有动物雌性激素的作用,还是某些真菌的性激素。我们已从多种植物体内分离出与春化作用密切的相关的活性物质,经分析与鉴定,证明它恰     

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响(简报)

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种（２４ｈ）可提高玉米幼苗的抗旱性。在干旱条件下,经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的玉米幼苗叶片中含水量下降缓慢,相对电导率较低,超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,游离脯氯酸含量升高。０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的抗逆效果优于０．０１ ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。     

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种（２４ｈ）可提高玉米幼苗的抗旱性,在干旱条件下,经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的玉米幼苗叶片中含水量下降缓慢,相对电导率较低,超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,游离脯氨酸含量升高。０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的抗逆效果优于０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１。     

玉米赤霉烯酮在小鼠体内的致突变性研究

用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和染色体畸变试验评价了赤霉病麦毒素之一玉米赤霉烯酮的体内致突变效应。玉米赤霉烯酮的试验剂量为0,0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0mg/kg体重,以环磷酰胺为阳性对照。实验结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮各试验剂量组的微核发生率和染色体畸变率与阴性对照组相比均无显著性统计学差异,亦未发现有明显的性别差异。     

花生种子发育和萌发过程中贮藏蛋白的合成和降解

以花生品种汕油5 2 3种子为材料,分离纯化花生球蛋白的41 kD和38.5 kD两种主要亚基及伴花生球蛋白的6 0.5 KD亚基并制备抗体.We stern blot分析表明,3种亚基在花生胚组织分化期的胚轴和子叶中就开始合成,其中60.5 kD亚基是最先在胚轴和子叶中大量合成和积累的贮藏蛋白,41 kD和38.5 kD亚基在随后的发育中积累量不断增加;种子萌发时这3种亚基的降解进程不一样,胚轴和子叶中41 kD和38.5kD亚基的降解均先于60.5 kD亚基.     

N-terminal sequences of oat avenins compared to other cereal prolamins

Like the alcohol-soluble seed storage proteins (also called prolamins) of other cereals, avenins, the oat prolamins, are a series of polymorphic molecules belonging to a multigenic family stored within the protein bodies of the starchy endosperm. Nevertheless, they exhibit some pecularities: among the seed storage proteins, their proportion is low compared to prolamins from other cereal species; their net charge is higher; the amount of Gln + Pro only reaches 49 mol%; they are less polymorphic. We have isolated and purified several avenins and sequenced their N-terminal end. The microheterogeneity and the pecularity of avenins are revealed by the comparison of the N-terminal sequences. Like other prolamins, they exhibit tandem repeats; these repetitive peptides are slightly different from those of other prolamins of the Festucoideae, and the repetition begins earlier in the sequence. As for prolamins from other species, their predicted secondary structure reveals successive beta-turns which might be arranged in a pseudo-helix structure.     

荔枝胚败育过程中内源激素与蛋白质含量的变化

连续3年(1999-2001年)对典型的荔枝焦核品种桂味、糯米糍和大核品种黑叶、怀枝花后10-40d的幼胚和胚乳内源激素、多酚含量及蛋白质动态变化进行研究。结果表明,焦核品种幼胚及胚乳中的IAA、GAs和ABA含量低于大核品种;多酚类物质含量在胚中低于大核品种,胚乳中则高于大核品种;胚和胚乳中的蛋白质含量均低于大核品种。蛋白质电泳结果显示,22．5、28．5和45kD这3类蛋白质在怀枝和黑叶的胚蛋白质代谢过程中表现出较高的稳定性,桂味和糯米糍胚蛋白质中的28．5kD蛋白质也有相似的特性。     

萌发中花生胚轴的耐干性与热稳定蛋白

成熟花生种子吸胀１８ ｈ 发芽率达１００ ％ 。在这１８ ｈ 的范围内,胚轴即使经干燥处理,萌发生长率仍保持１００ ％ ,而热稳定蛋白含量变化很小。吸胀２４ ｈ 后,经干燥的花生胚完全丧失萌发生长能力。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ和双向电泳表明,花生胚轴的热稳定蛋白主要是贮藏蛋白,该蛋白中的花生球蛋白大亚基,伴花生球蛋白Ｉ和２Ｓ 蛋白的降解与胚轴的耐干性丧失有关。     

外源脱落酸和马来酰肼对杂交水稻F1穗上种子发芽的抑制效应

杂交稻F1齐穗后21 d(灌浆期)施用ABA 1000mg/L或MH 4000 mg/L,可以抑制穗芽的发生,降低种子活力.ABA处理F1发芽种子使GA1含量下降,淀粉酶活性表达滞后,活性下降,有效发芽期延长;MH处理没有引起F1发芽种子GA1含量与淀粉酶活性下降,但使未发芽种子中GA1与淀粉酶活性明显下降,并丧失发芽能力.因此,ABA对杂交稻F1穗芽的抑制作用可视为"后熟效应",而MH对穗芽的抑制作用可视为"遏制作用".     

Structural and expression analysis of prolamin genes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.

Rice is a staple crop with a small genome of 389 Mb. Rice grain is a source of carbohydrates and proteins and has a relatively low protein content compared to other legume seeds. Glutelin and prolamin are the major storage proteins in rice. Prolamins are characterized by high glutamine and proline content and are generally soluble only in strong alcohol solutions. In this study, we obtained a total of 51,383 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Ilpumbyeo (Oryza sativa L.), of which 33,201 and 18,182 clones were obtained from immature and germinating seeds, respectively. From the EST clones, 15,148 unigenes were identified, and 2,590 genes were expressed in both immature and germinating seeds. Gene expression profiling of rice prolamins indicated that prolamin gene expression increased 5 days after heading and reached maximal expression after 30 days, suggesting a high demand for prolamins during seed development and germination. Phylogenetic analysis grouped 33 prolamin genes based on the abundance of sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine according to the deduced amino acid sequences. Our results enhance the understanding of the regulation of seed maturation and germination, which can result in improved agricultural traits for the seed industry.     

小麦幼芽水分胁迫诱导蛋白的特征

水分胁迫（－1．2MPaPEG-6000）处理萌动的小麦种子,24h后诱导小麦幼芽产生41．5kD蛋白,其含量随着胁迫时间延长明显增加,48h时含量最高,到72h后不再变化。复水后,该蛋白消失;再胁迫48h时则又出现,其含量与处理24h时相当。41．5kD诱导蛋白主要位于细胞器膜上,细胞质中几乎不存在。41．5kD蛋白主要溶于10％NaCl提取液中,其等电点为pl5．65。该蛋白的氨基酸组成中,脯氨酸含量最高,其次为丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸,没有发现半胱氨酸和组氨酸。     

花魔芋球茎发芽抑制物质的提取、分离与鉴定

从休眠花魔芋球茎中获得挥发性、酸性、酚类、碱性和中性５类提取物,分别用它们及其硅胶薄层层析带处理小白菜种子和已解除休眠的魔芋种子,其中酸性提取物对两种种子发芽均有显著的抑制作用。酸性提取物用ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析和硅胶薄层层析分离纯化,气谱－质谱联用仪鉴定含有脱落酸、阿魏酸和油酸。用其外源有机酸溶液分别处理已解除休眠的魔芋球茎,ＡＢＡ和阿魏酸对球茎顶芽萌发及生长有明显的抑制作用。     

Protein Synthesis During Rehydration, Germination and Seedling Growth of Naturally and Precociously Matured Soybean Seeds (Glycine max)

Soybean seeds [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] synthesize de novo andaccumulate several non-storage, soluble polypeptides duringnatural and precocious seed maturation. These polypeptides havepreviously been coined ‘maturation polypeptides’.The objective of this study was to determine the fate of maturationpolypeptides in naturally and precociously matured soybean seedsduring rehydration, germination, and seedling growth. Developingsoybean seeds harvested 35 d after flowering (mid-development)were precociously matured through controlled dehydration, whereasnaturally matured soybean seeds were harvested directly fromthe plant. Seeds were rehydrated with water for various timesbetween 5 and 120 h. Total soluble proteins and proteins radio-labelledin vivo were extracted from the cotyledons and embryonic axesof precociously and naturally matured and rehydrated seed tissuesand analyzed by one-dimensional PAGE and fluorography. The resultsindicated that three of the maturation polypeptides (21, 31and 128 kDa) that had accumulated in the maturing seeds (maturationpolypeptides) continued to be synthesized during early stagesof seed rehydration and germination (5–30 h after imbibition).However, the progression from seed germination into seedlinggrowth (between 30 and 72 h after imbibition) was marked bythe cessation of synthesis of the maturation polypeptides followedby the hydrolysis of storage polypeptides that had been synthesizedand accumulated during seed development. This implied a drasticredirection in seed metabolism for the precociously maturedseeds as these seeds, if not matured early, would have continuedto synthesize storage protein reserves. Glycine max (L.) Merr, soybean, cotyledons, maturation, germination/seedling growth