Callionymus omanensis,a new species of dragonet from Oman,north‐western Indian Ocean (Teleostei: Callionymidae)

A new species of deep‐living dragonet Callionymus omanensis from Oman is described on the basis of a single male specimen collected in a trawl from 500 m depth off the coast of Oman. The new species is characterized within the subgenus Bathycallionymus by having a small branchial opening; head short (3·9 in proportion to standard length); eye large (2·4 in proportion to head length); preopercular spine with a long, upcurved main tip, with a small antrorse barb and a larger antrorse spine, and with a strong antrorse spine laterally at the preopercular‐spine base, ventral margin smooth; first dorsal fin slightly higher than second dorsal fin (male); second dorsal fin distally straight; 17 pectoral fin rays; distal end of caudal fin slightly pointed, with two median unbranched rays bearing short filaments; first dorsal fin with basal black spot reaching from first to fourth membranes, third membrane with an ocellated distal black blotch; second dorsal fin with vertical dark grey bars; distal three‐fourths of anal fin black; upper half of caudal fin with oblique dark grey bars; pelvic fin dark grey, second ray basally with a black blotch. The new species is compared with similar species. Revised keys to callionymid species of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, as well as species of the subgenus Bathycallionymus, are presented.     

Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika

Benthochromis horii , a new cichlid species is described based on 19 type specimens from the deep waters of Lake Tanganyika. It differs from its congeners by having smaller eyes and longer snout (eye length usually shorter than snout length v. equal to or longer than snout length in Benthochromis tricoti and Benthochromis melanoides ), and more dorsal fin rays (total number of spines and soft rays in dorsal fin usually 30 or 31 v. usually 28 or 29 in B. tricoti and B. melanoides ). Large males of the new species differ from those of congeneric species in terms of their body colour pattern and long pelvic fins. This species has been confused with B. tricoti and has been traded as an aquarium fish.     

乐山棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力

测定了乐山棒花鱼(Abbottina kiatingensis)繁殖期形态特征包括体长、头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼后头长、眼径、眼间距、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高、尾鳍长、背鳍基前距、背鳍基长、腹鳍基前距、腹臀间距、体重和去内脏体重的两性异形和雌性个体生育力。繁殖期雄性个体的数量显著多于雌性个体,雌雄两性个体的体长差异不显著。特定体长的雌性个体的头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼后头长、尾柄高、背鳍基前距、背鳍基长和去内脏体重显著小于雄性个体,其余指标不存在明显的差异。回归分析表明,乐山棒花鱼的怀卵数量与体长和体重回归关系显著,雌性通过个体大小(体长和体重)的增加来提高个体生育力。     

黄颡鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征

测定了黄颡鱼成体的体长、头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼径、眼间距、眼后头长、体高、尾柄高、背鳍基前距、背鳍基长、尾柄长、腹鳍基前距、背鳍脂鳍间距、腹鳍臀鳍间距、尾鳍长、体重、去内脏体重等形态指标以及雌体的怀卵数量。雌性成体的体长显著小于雄性成体。其它局部特征皆与体长呈正相关,回归剩余值的t—检验表明,雌性成体的眼径、头高、体高、腹鳍基前距、体重显著大于雄性成体,其它局部形态特征不存在显著的两性差异。黄颡鱼雌体通过个体大小的增加和腹部形态的改变增加腹腔容量,增加繁殖输出。     

广西华缨鱼属鱼类一新种记述

在整理华缨鱼属标本时发现,1993年9月在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到的一批标本为一个未经发表的新种,新种订名为大眼华缨鱼(Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus)。其下咽齿2行,可与下咽齿3行的7种华缨鱼相区别,而与属内同样具2行下咽齿的贵州华缨鱼(S.guizhouensis)、小口华缨鱼(S.microstomatus)和宽唇华缨鱼(S.labiatus)亲缘关系较近。但:(1)新种胸鳍中点上方无黑斑,背鳍分枝鳍条7,腹鳍分枝鳍条7,背鳍前鳞15—16,眼大,头长为眼径2·5—3·1倍,眼径为头宽44·7%—57·8%,吻须后伸至前后鼻孔之间或眼前缘,口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间,体长为尾柄高8·9—10·7倍,头长为吻长2·5—3·7倍,可与贵州华缨鱼(胸鳍中点上方有一明显黑斑,背鳍分枝鳍条8,腹鳍分枝鳍条8,背鳍前鳞12—14,头长为眼径4·0—5·0倍,眼径为头宽16·6%—20·7%,吻须后伸不达后鼻孔后缘,口角须后伸至眼前缘,体长为尾柄高7·2—8·2倍,头长为吻长1·9—2·2倍)相区别;(2)新种背鳍前鳞15—16,侧线鳞39—40,侧线上鳞4·5—5·5,背鳍分枝鳍条7,鳃耙13,腹鳍末端伸达肛门,眼径为头宽44·7%—57·8%,可与宽唇华缨鱼(背鳍前鳞22,侧线鳞42—45,侧线上鳞6·5,背鳍分枝鳍条8,鳃耙10,腹鳍末端不达肛门,眼径为头宽23·3%—30·0%)相区别;(3)新种与同水系的小口华缨鱼在鳍条数、侧线鳞、体色、斑纹等方面最为相似,但新种围尾柄鳞14/16,眼大,头长为眼径2·5—3·1倍,腹鳍末端伸达肛门,口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间,吻皮边缘深裂成小穗,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近,背鳍长大于头长,体长为尾柄长4·8—5·9倍,头长为吻长2·5—3·7倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1·6—2·1倍,可与之(围尾柄鳞12,眼小,头为眼径4·4—4·6倍,腹鳍末端不达肛门,口角须伸达眼下方,吻皮边缘不开裂或开裂不明显,背鳍起点距吻端等于距尾鳍基,背鳍条约等于头长,体长为尾柄长6·1—6·4倍,头长为吻长2·1—2·4倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1·4—1·5倍)相区别。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichiurus nickolensis</Emphasis>, a new hairtail from Australia belonging to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichiurus russelli</Emphasis> complex (Perciformes: Trichiuridae)

A new hairtail, Trichiurus nickolensis, is described on the basis of ten specimens collected off northwestern Australia, off the Northern Territory, and in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. The new species strongly resembles T. brevis Wang and You in Wang et al., 1992, off Hainan Island, South China Sea, and T. russelli Dutt and Thankam, 1966, off the Waltair Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India, in having the highest point of the supraoccipital crest situated directly above the posterior margin of the eye and a relatively short caudal peduncle. Trichiurus nickolensis differs from those two species in being strongly pigmented on the anterior section of the dorsal fin membrane (vs. slightly pigmented), and having a dorsal head margin that appears concave in lateral view, rises gently from snout tip to above middle of orbit, and then extends more steeply to dorsal fin origin (vs. rising gently from tip of snout to dorsal fin origin). The new species also has a greater number of dorsal fin rays (III, 138–143 vs. III, 127–132 and III, 127–131 in T. brevis and T. russelli, respectively) and total vertebrae (160–166 vs. 147–155 and 149–153), and shorter preanal length (mean 30% TL vs. 33% TL and 35% TL), head length (11% TL vs. 12% TL and 13% TL) and upper jaw length (4% TL vs. 5% TL and 5% TL).     

Callionymus leucopoecilus,a new dragonet (Callionymidae) from the Yellow Sea

Callionymus leucopoecilus, a new species of dragonet from the Yellow Sea, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by 4 spines in the first dorsal fin, 9 rays each in the second dorsal and anal fins, ii, 5, ii principal caudal fin rays, a preopercular spine formula of      

A new species of Petroleuciscus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Büyük Menderes River,southwestern Anatolia,Turkey

Petroleuciscus ninae sp. nov. is described from the Büyük Menderes River drainage. The new species is distinguished by having a black lateral stripe from head to base of caudal fin, stripe distinct anteriorly and posteriorly, wider than eye diameter; numerous black pigments on anal‐fin rays; body depth at dorsal‐fin origin 27–30% standard length (L_S); head width at posterior margin of eye 16–19% L_S; and eye diameter smaller than snout length. Petroleuciscus ninae is also distinguished from other species in adjacent waters by having six fixed diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA coI barcode region.     

广西高原鳅属鱼类一穴居新种记述

2003年1月,在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到一批盲鱼标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属Triplophysa一未经发表的新种。新种天峨高原鳅Triplophysa tianeensis sp．nov．与个旧盲高原鳅T．gejiuensis、石林盲高原鳅T．shilinensis、阿庐高原鳅T．aluensis和南丹高原鳅T．nandanensis相似;本新种腹鳍末端不达肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,可进一步与个旧盲高原鳅和石林盲高原鳅(腹鳍末端达到肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条14-15)相区别;本新种背鳍起点位于体之中点、腹鳍起点之后,肛门紧靠臀鳍起点,可进一步与阿庐高原鳅(背鳍起点靠近吻端、位于腹鳍起点之前,肛门距臀鳍起点仍有一段距离)相区别。本新种与同分布于红水河水系的南丹高原鳅Triplophysa nandanensis Lan et al.较为相似;但二者区别明显：新种背鳍分枝鳍条7、胸鳍分枝鳍条9、腹鳍分枝鳍条6、背鳍外缘平截、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之后,后者背鳍分枝鳍条8、胸鳍分枝鳍条10～11、腹鳍分枝鳍条7、背鳍外缘凹入、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之前;此外,新种的穴居特征更为显著：眼极度退化、头长为眼径16．8—32．8(25．0)倍、部分个体无色素斑且各鳍无斑点,而南丹高原鳅眼小、头长为眼径4．7～9．0(7．5)倍、体和头背侧密布云状斑且各鳍均具点状斑。     

中国NFDA2亚科金线NFDA2属鱼类一新种及其生态和适应(鲤形目：鲤科)

1999年11月在广西都安县下坳乡一岩洞地下水中采到1尾鱼类标本,经鉴定为金线NFDA2属一新种。新种与大鳞金线NFDA2S. macrolepis和陆良金线NFDA2S. macroscalus相近。但新种在背腹鳍相对位置以及背鳍末根不分枝鳍条后缘具锯齿等方面与上述两种存在明显差异;特别是该新种仅局限分布于洞穴中,就其生境来说也与上述两种更为不同。此外,新种头长与吻长和头长与眼径的比例是目前该属内已知最小的,眼明显偏大,反映出其对弱光生境条件的适应。     

Parabrosmolus novaeguineae,a new genus and species of the subfamily Brosmophycinae from Papua New Guinea (Bythitidae,Ophidiiformes)

Parabrosmolus novaeguineae, a new genus and species of the subfamily Brosmophycinae (family Bythitidae) is described, based on a single specimen from Papua New Guinea. The genus is unique in the tribe Brosmophycini in having six branchiostegal rays and ten precaudal vertebrae, and is also similarly distinguished from two brosmophycine genera,Melodichthys andBeaglichthys, tribal allocations of the two latter being uncertain.Parabrosmolus also differs from all other genera in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: head scaly, anal fin origin slightly before midpoint of body, eye diameter shorter than snout length, three developed rakers on first gill arch and 16 (14+2) caudal fin rays.     

Two new genera and species of the subfamily Brosmophycinae (Bythitidae,Ophidiiformes) from Northern Australia

Two new bythitid genera and species of the subfamily Brosmophycinae are described from Northern Territory, Australia.Brosmolus longicaudus, described from a single male specimen, is unique in the tribe Brosmophycini in having the anal fin origin well anterior to the midpoint of the body and thin, transparent skin on the head and body.Beaglichthys macrophthalmus, described from a single female specimen, differs from all other genera in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: eight branchiostegal rays, eye diameter longer than snout length, cheek scaly, anal fin origin at midpoint of body, three developed rakers on the first gill arch, 12 caudal fin rays, and 14 precaudal vertebrae.     

A new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes,Characidae, Stevardiinae) from the upper Magdalena River basin in Colombia

Hemibrycon iqueima sp. nov., is described from small streams in the Magdalena drainage at the foothills of the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, Suarez municipality, Tolima Department, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in the Magdalena–Cauca River basin by a combination of characters related to snout–anal‐fin origin length, head length, dorsal–pectoral fin distance, dorsal‐fin–hypural distance, postorbital distance, orbital diameter, snout length, number of total vertebrae, pre‐dorsal scales, scale rows between anal‐fin origin and lateral line, number of branched rays of the anal fin, maxillary teeth number and number and arrangement of hooks on the branched rays of the pectoral and dorsal fins. In addition, the validity of this species is supported by previous molecular analyses that included specimens of the new species that had been erroneously identified. Phylogenetic relationships between the new species and congeners from Pacific coast basins are discussed.     

眼斑双锯鱼仔稚鱼发育异速生长

运用生态学和传统理论生物学的研究方法, 对孵化后眼斑双锯(Amphiprion ocellaris)仔、稚鱼在早期生存和环境适应上的异速生长及器官优先发育生态学意义进行了研究, 以期为眼斑双锯鱼人工繁殖和育苗提供参考资料。以11日龄为眼斑双锯鱼仔、稚鱼的区分时期, 结果表明, 眼斑双锯鱼仔、稚鱼的感觉、摄食和游泳等器官快速分化, 均存在异速生长现象。在头部器官中, 吻长、眼间距、口宽和头高在仔鱼期均为正异速生长, 吻至鳃裂前缘长和眼径为负异速生长。在身体各部位中, 仔鱼期体高、躯干长、尾长、尾柄长、尾柄高和体厚均为正异速生长, 仅头长为负异速生长; 在游泳器官中, 仔鱼期眼斑双锯鱼尾鳍、背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍和臀鳍均为正异速生长。稚鱼期眼斑双锯鱼头部、躯干及游泳等各器官均为负异速生长。眼斑双锯鱼这些关键器官的异速发育, 对适应环境因子变化具有重要的生态学意义。     

Morphometric Analysis and Identification on Specific Metric Characters Pertaining Growth of the Osteobrama cotio of the Brahmaputra, Barak and Teesta River of North Eastern Himalayan River Systems

The variations of morphometric features and the identification of the characteristic features involved in growth variation of Osteobrama cotio were studied from three Eastern Himalayan River Systems: The Brahmaputra, Barak and Teesta River systems. Altogether 220 specimens of different sizes were analysed. Each morphometric character including total length of 220 individuals ranging from 47 to 86 mm and the standard length (SL) from 31 to 65 mm, were recorded. We tested the hypothesis that the body proportion changes gradually rather than abruptly by fitting the linear and quadratic regression curves against the SL of each metric character. The subpopulation from all the locations appeared to be relatively uniform in all of the characters examined. Out of the nine metric characters examined, all the eight characters (head length, snout length, eye diameter, body depth, pre dorsal length, post dorsal length, dorsal fin length and caudal fin length) demonstrated the allometric growth of the fish as described by quadratic regression, except anal fin character which is isometric in growth.     

Gymnocranius obesus,a new large-eye seabream from the Coral Triangle

Two previously recorded new species of the large-eye seabream genus Gymnocranius (Gymnocranius sp. D and Gymnocranius sp. E) remain undescribed. Here we describe Gymnocranius sp. E as Gymnocranius obesus sp. nov. This new species is morphologically distinct from all other known species under Gymnocranius by the following combination of characters: relatively deep body, with ratio of standard length to body depth 2.2–2.4; protruding large eye, with eye diameter about equal to or slightly larger than inter-orbital width; caudal fin moderately forked; no blue spots or wavy blue lines on cheek and snout in adults; fourth transversal dark bar on flank running from the sixth spine of the dorsal fin to the origin of the anal fin; anal, caudal and dorsal fins drab with yellowish to yellow margins. Gymnocranius obesus sp. nov. is distinct from G. griseus, with which it has been previously confused by a relatively larger head, scales above lateral line without dark basal patch, and a smaller number of front scales on the dorsal side of the head. Gymnocranius obesus sp. nov. is genetically distinct from its closest known relative, Gymnocranius sp. D by 104 diagnostic nucleotide characters, which translates into a 9.6% sequence divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Gymnocranius obesus sp. nov. reaches a length of at least 295 mm. Its distribution, from the Ryukyu Islands to Bali, including Taiwan and the Flores Sea, mostly coincides with the western half of the Coral Triangle.     

A new miniature species of the genus Triplophysa (Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae) from Yunnan, China

During a re-examination of museum specimens of Triplophysa species, some specimens that had been collected from the Jialonghe River in Yunnan Province, China, in April 1975, were identified as a new species. Triplophysa parvus n. sp. can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: dorsal fin rays 3, ; anal fin rays 3, ; pectoral fin rays 1, 11; scales absent; two saddle-like blotches with fuzzy borders cranial to the dorsal fin and four saddle-like blotches caudal to the dorsal fin; distal margin of the dorsal fin emarginate; pelvic fin reaching caudally almost to the anus; anus located immediately cranial to the origin of the anal fin; caudal fin forked; caudal chamber of air bladder reduced to a small free protuberance; head slightly laterally compressed, head deeper than wide at nape; length of caudal peduncle being 18.0–20.0% of standard length; depth of caudal peduncle being 7.8–8.4% of standard length; eye diameter 17.6–21.4% of head length; body depth being 60.7–70.2% of head length; caudal peduncle depth being 39.1–45.0% of caudal peduncle length; and body width at the base of caudal peduncle 59.0–68.0% of the body depth at the base of caudal peduncle. These characters allow a distinction from the similar species of T. nasobarbatula, T. nandanensis, and T. macromaculata.     

Metamorphosis in the paired species of lampreys, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) and Lampetra planeri (Bloch): 2. Quantitative data for body proportions, weights, lengths and sex ratios

Representatives of the various Stages (1–9) in the metamorphosis and short adult life of the brook lamprey, Lampetra planeri , were used to provide quantitative data to describe the pattern of changes that take place during this period of the life cycle. During the transformation of the oral hood into an oral disc, this ventral region of the snout first declines in length before increasing markedly. The branchial region declines in length and remains relatively smaller than in the ammocoete, a feature probably correlated with the concomitant internal changes in the pharynx which permit a change from a unidirectional to a tidal respiratory flow. The eye increases in size only through the initial Stages (1–5). The main period of fin enlargement occurs rather later in metamorphosis than the above changes.
During maturation the two initially separate dorsal fins increase further in height and eventually become separated only by a notch. Differences between the two sexes are found in the relative size of the disc and fins, the larger structures of the male probably being related to their greater activity in spawning behaviour. Measurements on metamorphosed L. fluviatilis confirm that in this species the eye and disc are relatively larger than in L. planeri. Data are presented which illustrate that in collections taken during the metamorphosis of both species the males are smaller and slightly more numerous than the females and that transformation is initiated at a longer length in L. planeri than in L. fluviatilis .     

Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback Pungitius spp. (Teleostei,Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of Pungitius vulgaris (Mauduyt, 1848)

The taxonomy of French ninespined sticklebacks (Pungitius spp.) has long been controversial. To clarify the taxonomy in this group, we use mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (RNF213) sequence markers, as well as morphological data. In France, both genetic markers discriminate three evolutionary lineages. Morphological analysis on fresh and type specimens supports the different lineages and the existence of three species in France. Pungitius pungitius, occurring in the North of France and Rhone basin, is characterized by specimens longer than 35 mm SL, by a flat head with a straight or slightly concave snout, typically 9–10 dorsal spines, 10–11 dorsal soft rays, 9–10 anal soft rays, 0–12 scutes on the caudal peduncle with a keel reaching the last anal‐fin ray, longer pelvic fin, post‐dorsal and caudal peduncle lengths, and a slim caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth/length 11.8%–21.9%). Pungitius laevis, occurring in France, in the English Channel basins and Loire drainage, differs from the other species by a head rounded with concave snout in specimens longer than 35 mm SL, accentuating the impression of fleshy lips, 0–4 scutes on the caudal peduncle and a higher caudal peduncle depth/length ratio (15.7%–34.5%). Finally, Pungitius vulgaris, endemic to the Vienne River and rivers of south‐western France as far north as the Garonne estuary, is differentiated by a rounded head with a straight or slightly convex snout, the absence of scutes on the caudal peduncle and by having 11 pectoral‐fin rays. Our data confirm the existence of a hybridization zone in the North of France between P. pungitius and P. laevis. As a result, Pungitius lotharingus is invalid, as it was described based on hybrid specimens. A lectotype for P. laevis was designated because the syntypes included hybrids. This revision provides new perspectives for evolutionary biology studies and will have consequences for Pungitius conservation in France.