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1.
Factors influencing induction,propagation and regeneration of mature zygotic embryo-derived callus from Allium cepa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zheng Sijun Henken Betty Sofiari Eri Jacobsen Evert Krens Frans A. Kik Chris 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,53(2):99-105
A systematic study on the effects of subspecies, cultivar, basal medium, sucrose concentration and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid concentration on callus induction, propagation and subsequent plant regeneration in Allium cepa has been carried out.
Mature zygotic embryos from two onion (cvs. Sturon and Hyton) and two shallot (cvs. Tropix and Atlas) varieties were used
as explants. After callus initiation and growth on both Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg's B5 modified by Dunstan and
Short (BDS) basal media with different 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and sucrose concentrations for eight weeks, lines were
identified on which compact or friable callus was induced. Callus induction and propagation were largely determined by the
concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid whereas subspecies, cultivar, sucrose concentration and basal media were of
less importance. After callus propagation for twelve weeks, 315 lines from a total of 3348 embryos initially subcultured were
selected to test their regeneration capacity on growth regulator-free medium. It was found that shallot formed more shoots
and roots than onion. The MS basal medium proved to be more beneficial for shoot regeneration and root formation than the
BDS basal medium. There were no differences in plant regeneration among selected calli which had been previously subcultured
on different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and sucrose. The results show that plant regeneration strongly
depended on the line: 45.4% from 315 tested lines could produce shoots while 93.0% formed roots.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Jana Žel Nika Debeljak Robert Ucman Maja Ravnikar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(3):231-235
Summary The effect of sucrose, jasmonic acid (JA) and darkness on bulb formation of garlic Allium sativum L. cv. Ptujski jesenski was studied in vitro. B5 medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 5 μM JA and 5 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP) was used for shoot induction on garlic basal plates. For bulb induction, explants with developed
shoots were transferred onto media with 3% or 8% sucrose in the presence or absence of 5 μM JA. Sucrose (8%) significantly increased the percentage of shoots which formed bulbs by 86–90%, bulb diameter and the number
of bulbs per basal plate. On medium supplemented with JA, the average number of bulbs per basal plate was 11.5. Growth of
explants in the dark was ineffective for stimulating bulb formation. Simultaneous use of JA and sucrose can improve garlic
micropropagation via bulb formation, without intermediate callus formation. 相似文献
3.
Three cultivars (cvs.) of Gladiolus hybridus Hort., namely ‘Her Majesty’, ‘Aldebaran’ and ‘Bright Eye’ were successfully micropropagated.
The cultures were established using intact cormels or segments of cormels and inflorescence axes on Murashige and Skoog (1962;
MS) medium. The response depended on media supplements; both callus formation or direct induction of shoot buds was observed.
Shoot differentiation from callus could be obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 μM BA (6–benzyladenine) and 10.0 μM NAA (α-naphthalene
acetic acid) in all three cultivars. The same could be achieved by giving a heat shock (HS; 50 °C, 1h) to callus cultures
(in case of ‘Her Majesty’ and ‘Aldebaran’ only) maintained on the basal medium. In these two cultivars, high sucrose concentration
(0.232, 0.290 or 0.348 M) also favoured growth and proliferation of shoot cultures on a plant growth regulator-free medium
at 20 °C in comparison to the cultures kept at 25 °C. On the other hand, shoot cultures maintained on the basal medium at
25 °C containing normal (0.058 M, i.e., 2.0%, w/v) sucrose concentration responded similar to those maintained at 20 °C on
a high sucrose medium; reduced response was observed on normal sucrose containing medium at 20 °C. Heat shock enhanced shoot
proliferation in the cultures maintained on basal medium, but induced prolific rooting in shoot cultures, within 5 days of
HS, on high sucrose (optimum 0.232 M) medium. While the number of roots increased at higher sucrose concentrations in the
medium in case of cvs. ‘Her Majesty’ and ‘Aldebaran’, the same was found to be independent of sucrose concentration in cv.
‘Bright Eye’. Generally the rooted plants produced on high sucrose (0.232 M) medium in comparison to medium with normal sucrose
concentration showed better survival (ca. 90% as against 40%) in the soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
《Plant science》1987,51(1):93-96
Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent formation of plantlets was achieved from callus cultures derived from mature zygotic embryos of Sinocalamus latiflora (Munro) McClure (Bamboo). Embryogenic callus was initiated on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with 6 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3 mg/l kinetin, 250 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidon and 5% sucrose. Prolonged culture of the embryogenic callus on the same medium resulted in embryoid formation. The embryoids developed further to yield whole plantlets when transferred to a medium containing lower concentrations of 2,4-D (3 mg/l) and kinetin (2 mg/l). 相似文献
5.
Plant regeneration was achieved through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Callus was induced from mature zygotic embryos and from cotyledon explants collected from 10, 15, 25, and 30-day-old seedlings
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Maximum callus induction from mature zygotic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium containing 1 mg l−1 NAA. The frequency of callus development varied based on the age of the cotyledon explants 10-day-old explants giving highest
percentage on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 NAA. Callus obtained from mature zygotic embryos gave highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis on MS basal medium containing
0.5 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA. Separate age wise culture of the calli, obtained from cotyledons of different ages cultured separately, revealed high
somatic embryogenic potential on callus from 10-day-old cotyledons. Direct somatic embryogenesis too was obtained from hypocotyl
explants without an intervening callus phase on MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 BA. The effects of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose, and different strengths of MS medium on somatic embryo maturation and germination
were also investigated. Number of mature somatic embryos increased with lower concentrations (0–1 mg l−1) of ABA while no significant differences were observed at higher concentrations (2–5 mg l−1) of ABA. Compared to basal medium containing lower concentrations of sucrose (1%), the MS medium supplemented with higher
levels of sucrose (4%) showed significantly lower frequency of mature somatic embryos. Basal medium without any dilution gave
the highest number of immature embryos. However, the number of mature embryos was high at higher medium dilutions. 相似文献
6.
The aim of this study was to improve the direct somatic embryogenesis and initiate embryogenic callus formation in camphor
tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.) on hormone-free medium. The influence of osmotic stress pretreatment of immature zygotic embryos (0.5 and 1.0 M solution
of sucrose for 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h at 4 or 25°C) before cultured on hormone-free medium, on embryogenesis efficiency
was assessed. The embryogenesis frequency was improved from 16.29 to 93.27%, while the average number of somatic embryos per
explant increased from 3 to 12.57. Activated charcoal (AC), medium renewal, basal medium, light conditions and sucrose concentration
in culture medium were also evaluated for their effect on somatic embryogenesis. AC addition and 10-day medium renewal did
not increase embryogenesis efficiency significantly, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium proved to be more beneficial for
somatic embryo formation than others. No differences were found between embryogenesis frequencies when cultured in darkness
or under light, but culturing under light yielded more embryos. After the sucrose solution pretreatment, high level concentration
of sucrose in induction medium was not needed for somatic embryogenesis, for it had a negative effect on somatic embryo formation
when the concentration of sucrose was higher than 50 g l−1. The derived embryogenic lines were maintained via repetitive embryogenesis on hormone-free medium. Low ratio formation of
embryogenic callus was observed on the surface of somatic embryos both on induction and proliferation medium. Plantlets derived
from somatic embryos grew vigorously with normal appearance similar to germinated zygotic embryos. 相似文献
7.
Chellappan Soundar Raju Krishnan Kathiravan Abubakker Aslam Appakan Shajahan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2013,112(3):387-393
A reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis was established for mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)—an important horticultural aromatic rhizomatous plant. Embryogenic callus induction was obtained from leaf sheath explants of in vitro raised plants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). Embryogenic callus proliferation, somatic embryo (SE) formation and subsequent plantlet conversion occurred under optimal culture conditions. The effects of MS medium strength, sucrose and BA on SE formation were also evaluated. Half strength MS liquid medium necessary for SE formation and optimal sucrose concentration was found to be 3.0 %. BA at 0.3 mg/L produced the highest number (84.71 %) of SEs from leaf sheath explants. Secondary somatic embryos originated from primary somatic embryos on the same medium supplemented with 0.4–0.6 mg/L BA. Stereo microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the globular and torpedo shaped somatic embryos resulted in suspension culture during development. Mature somatic embryos germinated readily and developed into normal plantlets after 3 weeks on half strength MS basal agar medium under dark condition. Well rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized at the survival rate of 70 %. 相似文献
8.
《Plant science》1986,46(3):213-216
The initial pH of the nutrient medium influenced the type of cytodifferentiation occurring in cultured isolated fruit vesicles of Citrus limon (L) Burmann var. Assam lemon. Neither callus formation nor cytodifferentiation was found at pH values below 3.0. Three types of cytodifferentiation were found after 30 days culture in the presence of a liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with MS vitamins, indoleacetic acid (IAA) (10 mg/l), kinetin (0.2 mg/l), and sucrose (3% w/v): sclereids, xylem fibers and tracheary elements. The greatest numbers of sclereids and tracheary elements were found in callus grown on a medium with an initial pH 5.0–6.0, whereas pH 7.0 was optimal for the formation of xylem fibers. 相似文献
9.
Ai Hua Chen Jing Li Yang Yu Da Niu Chuan Ping Yang Gui Feng Liu Chang Yeon Yu Cheng Hao Li 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(3):357-364
We developed a new protocol for highly efficient somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Schisandra chinensis. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from cotyledonary leaves and hypocotyls of germinated zygotic embryos on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) agar medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Preculture of zygotic embryos on 2,4-D-containing
medium increased embryogenic callus induction efficiency. The highest embryogenic callus induction frequency of 56.7% was
obtained from shoot apical meristem-containing hypocotyl explants from 1-week-old germinated embryos on MS medium containing
4.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus proliferation, somatic embryo (SE) formation, and subsequent plantlet conversion occurred under
optimal culture conditions. The effects of MS medium strength, sucrose, gibberellic acid (GA3), and 6-benzyladenine (BA) on SE formation and plantlet conversion were evaluated. Low MS medium strength (1/4 to 1/2) was
necessary for SE formation, and the optimal sucrose concentration was 2.0%. Supplementing medium with GA3 negatively impacted SE formation and subsequent development. BA significantly increased the number of SEs and the plantlet
conversion capacity. One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 0.5 mg l−1 BA produced the highest number of SEs (309 embryos from 9 mg embryogenic callus) and the highest frequency of plantlet conversion
from germinated SEs (52.6%). When transplanted to soil, 90% of the regenerated plants developed into normal plants. 相似文献
10.
Somatic embryo formation and germination from immature embryo-derived suspension-cultured cells of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Embryogenic callus was induced from immature embryos of Angelica sinensis cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Embryogenic callus growth was more rapid on MS basal medium than on B5
or White medium. Embryogenic callus was used to establish a suspension culture and somatic embryos and germinating embryos
developed during the culture. A shaking speed of 80 rpm was found to be optimal for establishing suspension cultures, while
100 rpm produced more somatic embryos and germinating embryos with an initiation cell density of 0.2 ml packed cell volume/25
ml medium. Adding 0.3% agar to the liquid medium also stimulated the formation of somatic and germinating embryos. While no
plant growth regulators were needed for culture initiation and plant regeneration, the addition of 0.5–1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid was needed to maintain the embryogenic suspension culture by preventing embryo germination. Forty percent of the germinating
embryos survived after culturing on filter paper moistened with liquid half-strength MS medium containing 3% sucrose. The
plants were successfully transferred into soil.
Received: 19 March 1997 / Revision received: 21 November 1997 / Accepted: 19 January 1998 相似文献
11.
Peng Zhao Fei Wu Fo-Sheng Feng Wan-Jun Wang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(3):178-185
An efficient system was established for a higher frequency of protocorm-like body (PLB) formation from the callus of Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. The calluses were induced from longitudinally bisected segments of protocorms and subcultured two times every 40d
on Murashige and Skoog medium with macronutrients at half strength, micronutrients at full strength, 2% sucrose, and with
8.8μM 6-Benzylaminopurine. PLB formation was achieved when calluses were transferred onto the same basal medium without any
plant growth regulators. PLBs developed into intact plantlets about 2cm in height and with four roots when on basal medium
with 2.7μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Plantlets were transplanted into vermiculite with a 95% survival rate in a greenhouse.
Histological observations proved that globular somatic embryos could be produced from the inside and surface of the embryogenic
callus during PLB formation. 相似文献
12.
Callus derived from Lemhi Russet and Russet Burbank tuber tissue was incubated at 20°C and 30°C on a high sucrose medium for starch-formation and subjected to simulated storage and reconditioning treatments at 5°C and 25°C after transfer of the callus to a medium without a carbon source. Percent dry weight of callus from both cultivars averaged about 21% after starch formation and 5% after storage and reconditioning treatments. Total sugars were higher in callus incubated on the starch forming treatment. Lemhi Russet callus contained predominantly reducing sugars, while Russet Burbank callus contained mostly non-reducing sugars. Total sugar content was generally lower for both cultivars after the storage and reconditioning treatment in callus after starch formation at 20°C. Starch content was generally higher in Lemhi Russet tissue. After starch formation at 20°C Lemhi Russet had higher starch after the storage and reconditioning treatment than tissue from 30°C, while the opposite trend was found in Russet Burbank tissue. Total protein declined in Russet Burbank tissue during the storage and reconditioning treatment regardless of prior incubation conditions, while this decline only occurred in Lemhi Russet tissue initially incubated at 30°C during the starch formation treatment. In tissue of both cultivars, ATP- and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase activities were inversely proportional to total sugar concentrations, while in RB callus ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase activities were proportional to starch content.Research Paper 91B1 of the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
13.
Ljubinka Ćulafić SneŽana Budimir Radmila Vujičić Mirjana Nešković 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,11(2):133-139
Axillary buds of the dioecious plant Rumex acetosella L. were isolated and cultured in vitro. The callus tissue which developed at the basal parts of the explants displayed a high capacity for shoot formation. This morphogenetic pattern was predominant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 2.2 mgl-1 benzylaminopurine and 0.17 mgl-1 indole-3-acetic acid. Somatic embryogenesis was induced when the osmolality of the medium was increased by adding 6% sucrose instead of 2%, or hexitols in addition to 2% sucrose. Most of the embryogenic calli were formed on the basal parts of leaf laminae and bracts. Development and maturation was strongly promoted by transferring the tissue to a solid or liquid medium lacking benzylaminopurine and indole-3-acetic acid and supplemented with 10 mgl-1 gibberellic acid. The embryos germinated and developed into normal rosette plants when transferred to vermiculite moistened with hormone-free, half-strength MS salt solution. The histology of successive embryogenic stages is presented. 相似文献
14.
Intracellular concentrations and metabolism of carbon compounds in tobacco callus cultures: effects of light and auxin 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
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Callus cultures derived from pith tissue of Nicotiana tabacum were grown on two media either under continuous illumination or in complete darkness. The first medium limited greening ability of callus grown in the light (3 milligrams per liter naphthalene acetic acid, 0.3 milligram per liter 2-isopentenylaminopurine, Murashige and Skoog salts, and 2% sucrose). The second medium encouraged chlorophyll synthesis (greening) though not shoot formation (0.3 milligram per liter naphthalene acetic acid; 0.3 milligrans per liter 2-isopentylaminopurine). To measure intracellular concentrations, calli were grown for 15 days on these standard media containing [U-14C]sucrose. The dry weight proportions of the calli (as a fraction of fresh weight) and many metabolite concentrations nearly doubled in light-grown cells compared to dark-grown cells and increased 30 to 40% on low-auxin media relative to high-auxin media. Glutamine concentrations (from 4 to 26 millimolar) were very high, probably due to the NH3 content of the media. Proline concentrations were 20-fold higher in calli grown on low-auxin media in the light (green cells), possibly a stress response to high osmotic potentials in these cells. To analyze sucrose metabolism, callus cells were allowed to take up 0.2% (weight per volume) [U-14C]sucrose for up to 90 minutes. In callus tissues and in pith sections from stems of tobacco plants, sucrose was primarily metabolized through invertase activity, producing equal amounts of labeled glucose and fructose. Respiration of 14CO2 followed the labeling patterns of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Photorespiration activity was low. 相似文献
15.
Androgenic haploids of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) were produced by anther culture at the early- to late-uninucleate stage of pollen. Haploid formation occurred via callusing. The best medium for inducing callusing in the anther cultures was Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (MS) (9% sucrose) supplemented with 1 microM 2,4-D, 1 microM NAA and 5 microM BAP, while anther callus multiplied best on MS medium supplemented with 1 microM 2,4-D and 10 microM Kn. These calli differentiated shoots when transferred to a medium containing BAP; 5 microM BAP was optimum for young calli (75% cultures differentiated shoots), but older calli showed the best regeneration with 7.5 microM BAP. Shoots elongated at a lower concentration of BAP-0.5 microM. These shoots were multiplied by forced axillary branching and rooted in vitro. The plants were subsequently established in soil. Of the plants that regenerated from anther callus 60% were haploid, 20% were diploid and 20% were aneuploid. 相似文献
16.
The establishment of three chlorophyllous callus phenotypes, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultured on a modified Miller's medium is described. Experiments were designed to determine the hormonal requirement necessary to maintain an adequate callus growth rate that would allow for the phenotypical accumulation of chlorophyll in all phenotypes. Addition of α-naphthaleneacetic acid and kinetin, both at 1 mg/liter, to the basal medium fulfilled this requirement. However, callus growth for these phenotypes required only an exogenous supply of cytokinin. All callus phenotypes, when maintained on 3% sucrose, were shown to possess similar growth curves; however, optimal growth rates of these cultured phenotypes occurred on different levels of exogenous sucrose (NG, 2%; LG, 1%; Y, 2%). Sucrose (filtered and autoclaved) and, in most cases, fructose (filtered), when employed as a carbon source in the basal medium, maintained adequate growth rates. Glucose (filtered) supported only minimal callus growth. These callus phenotypes, after two years in culture, showed a certain degree of cell type differentiation as indicated by the formation of isolated tracheoids and in some cases organized tracheoid development. The chromosome complement (2n = 40) was observed to be polyploid. 相似文献
17.
Cheng H Yu LJ Hu QY Chen SC Sun YP 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2006,61(3-4):251-256
An efficient procedure has been developed for callus induction and cell suspension cultures of C. saxicola for the first time. Explant selection was carried out among leaf, stem and root to select a suitable type of explants capable of higher callus formation. Leaf explants thus selected showed maximum response to callus induction (67.1%). Modified B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l(-1) 2,4-D plus 2 mg l(-1) BA was the most favorable medium for callus formation with the highest induction rate (94.8%) and greatest fresh weight of callus (1.7 g per explant). Cell suspension cultures were established by transferring 2-8 g fresh callus to 80 ml liquid B5 medium. An inoculum size of 8 g produced the greatest biomass accumulation, dehydrocavidine and berberine productions, which was 13.1 g l(-1), 8.0 mg l(-1) and 4.1 mg l(-1), respectively. In response to various sucrose concentrations from 10 g l(-1) to 80 g l(-1), cultures with 60 g sucrose l(-1) not only produced the highest dry biomass (18.5 g l(-1)) but also the highest formation of dehydrocavidine (11.6 mg l(-1)) and berberine (7.6 mg l(-1)). These prepared cell suspension cultures provided a useful material for further regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis and for enhanced production of valuable alkaloids on a large scale. 相似文献
18.
The starch-rich duckweed Landoltia punctata is a valuable aquatic plant in wastewater purification, bioenergy production, and many other applications. A highly efficient callus induction and plant regeneration protocol is desirable so that biotechnology can be used to develop new varieties with added value and adaptation. We studied both known and unknown factors that influence callus induction in L. punctata and obtained almost 100 % induction rate in 30 days. The optimum medium for callus induction was MS basal medium supplemented with 1 % sorbitol, 15 mg/L 2,4-D, and 2 mg/L 6-BA. Green fragile callus was induced from the meristematic region in the budding pouches. The optimum photoperiod for callus induction was 16-h day, and the optimum explant orientation was dorsal side down on the medium. The optimum medium for callus subculture was WPM basal medium supplemented with 2 % sorbitol, 4 mg/L 2,4-D, and 0.5 mg/L TDZ. Green callus could be maintained by subculture once every 4 weeks. However, when the subculture cycle was prolonged to 6 weeks or longer, yellow fragile embryogenic callus was obtained. The optimum plant regeneration medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 % sucrose, 1 % sorbitol, and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA with frond regeneration rates of approximately 90 %. The regenerated fronds rooted in Hoagland’s liquid medium in 1 week. The callus induction and frond regeneration protocol was tested for its efficiency in geographically distinct strains 5502, 8721, and 9264. Thus, we obtained a rapid and efficient protocol for callus induction and frond regeneration of L. punctata, which takes only 9 weeks. 相似文献
19.
Callus induction and in vitro plantlet regeneration systems for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Bhima using root,
hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were optimized by studying the influence on organogenesis of seedling age, media factors,
growth regulators and excision orientation. Supplementation of the medium with an auxin: cytokinin ratio < 1 enhanced the
growth rate of callus cultures; however, for 2,4-D the ratio was > 1.34–11.41 μM concentrations of growth regulators (IAA,
NAA, BA and Kinetin) in the medium were found effective for callus induction and regeneration in all explants. The calli could
be maintained over 32 months. BA (4.43 μM) combined with casein hydrolysate (10 mg l-1) yielded the highest rate of shoot
production on hypocotyl (3–6) and cotyledon (5–7) explants and cotyledonary derived callus (4–8). More shoots were produced
on explants cut from the most basal region of cotyledons from 5 to 7-day-old seedlings than from older seedlings or more distal
cut sites. Apolar placement of explants, inhibited shoot regeneration. The shoot regeneration potential remained upto 7 months
in calli developed on NAA + BA. Of three media tested, MS was superior to SH-M and B5. Rooting of shoots was not efficient;
42% of the shoots were rooted on MS medium containing sucrose (7–8%) + IAA (2.8–5.7 μM). Capitula induction was observed in
both callus mediated shoots on cotyledons and shoots on rooting medium with sucrose, IAA, NAA and IBA. Well developed plantlets
were transferred to the field with a 34% success rate.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The influence of culture medium on induction of androgenic calli was examined with five different basal media. MS medium was the most responsive in inducing callus. Differences in induction of calli among ten genotypes revealed that the most responsive genotype was a local cultivar, Mangira, with 48.6% anthers initiating callus formation. The influence of temperature pre-treatment (5°±1°C) for varying periods (0 to 15 days) on immature capitula prior to inoculation of anthers on the medium revealed that the percentage of anthers inducing callus increased till 3–5 days of pre-treatment. The effect of physiological conditions of anther donor plants grown in the field and in green houses on induction and re-differentiation have shown that the field grown anther donor plants exhibited optimum response. Shoot regeneration was observed on MS supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) and rhizogenesis on MS (half-strength) medium, supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) and 1% sucrose. Cytological studies of anther derived plants showed two ploidy levels, where the haploids were predominant (64%). 相似文献