共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
An hydroponic experiment with a simulated water stress induced by PEG (6000) was conducted in a greenhouse to study the effects
of nitrate (NO3
−), ammonium (NH4
+) and the mixture of NO3
− and NH4
+, on water stress tolerance of rice seedlings. Rice (Shanyou 63) was grown under non- or simulated water stress condition (10% (w/v) PEG, MW6000) with the 3 different N forms during 4 weeks.
Under non-stressed condition no difference was observed among the N treatments. Under simulated water stress, seedlings grown
on N-NO3
− were stunted. Addition of PEG did not affect rice seedling growth in the treatment of only NH4
+ supply but slightly inhibited the rice seedling growth in the treatment of mixed supply of NO3
− and NH4
+. Simulated water stress, when only N-NH4
+ was present, did not affect leaf area and photosynthesis rate, however, both parameters decreased significantly in the NO3
− containing solutions. Under water stress, Rubisco content in newly expanded leaves significantly increased in the sole NH4
+ supplied plants as compared to that in plants of the other two N treatments. Under water stress, the ratio of carboxylation
efficiency to Rubisco content was, respectively, decreased by 13 and 23% in NH4
+ and NO3
− treatments, respectively. It is concluded that, water stress influenced the Rubisco activity than stomatal limitation, and
this effects could be regulated by N forms.
Responsible Editor: Herbert Johannes Kronzucker.
Shiwei Guo and Gui Chen contributed equally to this paper. 相似文献
2.
The results of studies on assimilate and water transport in the developing caryopsis of rice are summarised. Evidence is presented for a symplastic movement of solutes as far as the aleurone layer. However, transport into the apoplast at the nucellus/aleurone interface appears to be a necessary step due to the absence of plasmodesmata at this site. It is suggested that water leaves the caryopsis during grain filling by the isolated cell walls of the pigment strand, the suberised walls of these cells functioning to isolate the apoplast from the symplast and thereby allowing opposing fluxes of water and assimilates to occur in the dorsal region of the grain. 相似文献
3.
Abiotic stress is a major limiting factor in crop production. Physiological comparisons between contrasting abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes will improve understanding of stress-tolerant mechanisms. Rice seedlings (S3 stage) of a chilling-tolerant (CT) genotype (CT6748-8-CA-17) and a chilling-sensitive (CS) genotype (INIAP12) were subjected to abiotic stresses including chilling (13/12 degrees C), salt (100mM NaCl), and osmotic (200mM mannitol). Measures of physiological response to the stresses included changes in stress-related sugars, oxidative products and protective enzymes, parameters that could be used as possible markers for selection of improved tolerant varieties. Metabolite analyses showed that the two genotypes responded differently to different stresses. Genotype survival under chilling-stress was as expected, however, CT was more sensitive to salt stress than the CS genotype. The CT genotype was able to maintain membrane integrity better than CS, perhaps by reduction of lipid peroxidation via increased levels of antioxidant enzymes during chilling stress. This genotype accumulated sugars in response to stress, but the accumulation was usually less than in the CS genotype. Chill-stressed CT accumulated galactose and raffinose whereas these saccharides declined in CS. On the other hand, the tolerance mechanism in the more salt- and water-deficit-tolerant CS may be associated with accumulation of osmoprotectants such as glucose, trehalose and mannitol. 相似文献
4.
L. F. O. Chen L. C. Chen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,78(6):788-792
Summary Previous studies indicated two types of phenotypic protein markers as two minor bands of SDS-PAGE for rice storage protein. A variant derived from a Pakistani variety, Dular, was found to show a mobility variant with Band 11, a relatively faster-moving band as compared to Band 10, while most of the other cultivated rices exhibited Band 10 at a molecular weight of around 100–110 K. Band 11 was also observed in several wild rice species. How this variant occurred is not known. Another marker is characterized by the presence of either Band 56 (slower-migrating band) or Band 57 (faster-migrating band) in most cultivars at a molecular weight of about 28–27 K. Most indica varieties developed in Taiwan have Band 57 and japonica varieties have Band 56. Genetic analysis of F1, F2 and F3 seeds from interstrain crosses indicated that Band 10 versus Band 11 and Band 56 versus Band 57 are due to codominant alleles at two loci. Tests of independent inheritance between these two loci (Band 10/11 versus Band 56/57) indicated that there is no linkage between them. Both of these two protein loci encode for endosperm proteins and mostly belong to the minor polypeptide subunits of the glutelin fraction of rice seed proteins. Studies on reciprocal crosses indicate dosage effects as exhibited in band patterns. Variations in band intensity were frequently observed when the maternal genotype was different. 相似文献
5.
The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) on seedling growth, antioxidative system, lipid peroxidation, proline and soluble
protein content were investigated in seedlings of the salt-sensitive rice cultivar IR-28. Seedling growth of rice plants was
improved by 24-epiBL treatment under salt stress conditions. When seedlings treated with 24-epiBL were subjected to 120 mM
NaCl stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)
did not show significant difference, whereas the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) significantly increased.
Increased activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) under NaCl stress showed remarkable decrease in the 24-epiBL+NaCl-applied group.
Lipid peroxidation level significantly increased under salt stress but decreased with 24-epiBL application revealing that
less oxidative damage occurred in this group (24-epiBL+NaCl). In addition, increased proline content in the NaCl-applied group
was decreased by 24-epiBL application in the 24-epiBL+NaCl-applied group. Soluble protein content was increased by 24-epiBL
application even under NaCl stress, being also higher than control conditions (no 24-epiBL or NaCl treatment). 24-epiBL treatment
considerably alleviated oxidative damage that occurred under NaCl-stressed conditions and improved seedling growth in part
under salt stress in sensitive IR-28 seedlings. 相似文献
6.
By using differential display PCR (DD-PCR) technique, two salt-inducible and one salt-repressed cDNA fragments were isolated
from rice. The three cDNA fragments were characterized respectively as partial sequence of rice S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
(SAMDC) gene, a new member of translation elongation factor 1A gene (namedREF1 A), and a novel gene whose function is unknown (namedSRG1). The full-length cDNA of SAMDC gene (namedSAMDC1) was further isolated by RT-PCR approach and the deduced polypeptide was found to be homologous to SAMDC proteins of other
plants, yeast and buman. Northern hybridization revealed that expression of SAMDCl and REFlA was induced, while SRGl was dramatically repressed, by salinity stress. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that SAMDCl and
SRGl were present as a single copy gene in rice genome, whereas riceREF1 A gene was organized as a gene family. TheREF1 A,SAMDC1, andSRG1 genes were located on chromosome 3,4, and 6 respectively by RFLP mapping approach using ZYQ8/JX17 DH population and RFLP
linkage maps.
Project supported by the National “863” High-Technology Program. 相似文献
7.
Akira Yano Tetsuo Shimazaki Atsushi Kato Masaaki Umeda Hirofumi Uchimiya 《Plant molecular biology》1993,23(5):1087-1090
We isolated a rice cDNA encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK, EC 2.7.4.6). The deduced amino acid sequence of the rice NDK shows highest homology to spinach NDK-I. The rice NDK gene exhibits a strong codon bias (73.8% GC) in the third position of the codon. DNA blot analysis indicated that at least single NDK gene is present in rice genome. 相似文献
8.
Sung Ki Cho Young Soo Chung Sung Jin Park Jeong Sheop Shin Hyok Ji Kwon Kyung Ho Kang 《Journal of Plant Biology》1998,41(4):262-268
The purpose of this study was to improve transformation efficiency for three Korean rice cultivars, Ilpum, Dasan, and Namyang.
Using two different media with or without light, efficiencies of callus induction, regeneration, and transformation of the
Korean cultivars were compared to Japanese cultivar, Nipponbare, as a control. Immature cv. Nipponbare seeds produced 35.5%
and 16.1% regeneration efficiency on CIM and N6D media, respectively. Among the Korean cultivars, only cv. Ilpum induced on
CIM in the dark was actively regenerated with efficiency of 8.2%. With LBA4404 (pTOK233), no difference for the efficiency
of transformation was found between mature and immature seeds of cv. Ilpum. This result reveals that mature seeds can be substituted
for this study with no difference. The anther-derived calli of cv. Namyang inoculated with either LBA4404 (pTOK233) or EHA101
(pSMABuba) showed regeneration efficiencies of 14.5% and 20.9%, respectively, even though efficiency of transformation did
not differ with these two vectors. We suggest that the anther-derived calli are better-materials for transformation experiment
due to their genotype-independent regeneration. In the assay of GUS, all of the calli that survived on the second selection
medium were strongly stained. PCR-Southern blot analyses confirmed that T-DNA was stably transformed into all tissues selected.
Cvs. Nipponbare and Namyang transformed by LBA4404 (pTOK233) showed positive color in the NPTII ELISA. 相似文献
9.
Suresh B. Kadaru Anirudh S. Yadav Robert G. Fjellstrom James H. Oard 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2006,24(1):3-22
Ecotilling is a high-throughput method of discovery and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in natural
populations, but it requires a substantial investment in sophisticated equipment, costly reagents, and specialized software
programs and implementation of several time-consuming steps that limit its use in laboratories with modest financial resources.
Moreover, labeling efficiency of PCR primers with fluorescent dyes during Ecotilling can be reduced by unwanted exonuclease
activity of single strand-specific nucleases. A new alternative protocol involving a simplified gel system, unlabeled primers,
DNA staining after single strand-specific nuclease digestion, and standard gel data analysis was optimized to address these
constraints. Using this alternative protocol, we successfully identified four new SNPs verified by sequencing in a collection
of 57 diverse rice accessions along with 2 previously reported SNPs in a 922-bp DNA region from thealk gene. An SNP cluster containing a deletion within a 472-bp fragment of thewaxy gene was also characterized. In addition, 4 previously reported SNPs in thealk andwaxy genes were faithfully genotyped among the 57 accessions based on comparisons with sequencing results. Associations between
the genotyped SNPs and amylose class and starch gelatinization temperature were as anticipated. These results, along with
detailed time and cost comparisons between the 2 methods, suggest that alternative Ecotilling is a simple and reproducible
method for SNP discovery and genotyping in rice that leads to substantial savings in equipment, reagents, software, and time
compared with the standard Ecotilling procedure.
Approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as paper No. 06-14-0237. 相似文献
10.
QTLs for nitrate induced elongation and initiation of lateral roots in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
To investigate the genetic background of nitrate-induced elongation and initiation of lateral roots in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between IR64 and Azucena, which showed different responses to local supplied NO3
– in lateral root elongation and initiation, was used in an agar culture experiment with three separated layers. The second agar layer was supplied with 3 mM NO3
– or without NO3
– as two treatments. Average lateral root length, lateral root number and surface area of lateral roots in the second agar layers with and without nitrate, respectively, were measured. The ratio of the parameters from the two treatments were calculated as derived parameters. Seven putative Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the 6 lateral root traits in nitrate-deficient and nitrate-supplied layers were detected. These QTLs individually explained about 9% to 15% of the total phenotypic variations in the traits. Identical QTLs for root traits from other reports with QTLs detected in this case were found, which suggests that the genetic factors responsive to local supplied NO3
– is involved in root growth and development 相似文献
11.
H. -X. Lin H. -R. Qian J. -Y. Zhuang J. Lu S. -K. Min Z. -M. Xiong N. Huang K. -L. Zheng 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(8):920-927
Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica F2 populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143–RG214, about 4cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed. 相似文献
12.
Summary To increase plantlet regeneration frequency, rice callus was dehydrated in a Petri dish with a single layer of filter paper prior to transfer to the regeneration medium. With a 24 h dehydration treatment, the regeneration frequency was increased to 47 %, while the regeneration frequency of the untreated control was less than 5 %. This relatively simple method provides an alternative method for improving the regeneration frequency of rice callus. 相似文献
13.
M. Kawata A. Ohmiya Y. Shimamoto K. Oono F. Takaiwa 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(3-4):364-371
To investigate the rearrangement of the plastid genome during tissue culture, DNA from rice callus lines, which had been derived individually from single protoplasts isolated from seed or pollen callus (protoclones), was analyzed by Southern hybridization with rice chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) clones as probes. Among 44 long-term cultured protoclones, maintained for 4, 8 or 11 years, 28 contained plastid DNA (ptDNA) from which portions had been deleted. The ptDNA of all protoclones that had been maintained for 11 years had a deletion that covered a large region of the plastid genome. The deletions could be classified into 15 types from their respective sizes and positions. By contrast, no deletions were found in the ptDNA of 38 protoclones that had been maintained for only 1 month. These results indicate that long-term culture causes deletions in the plastid genome. Detailed hybridization experiments revealed that plastid genomes with deletions in several protoclones were organized as head-to-head or tail-to-tail structures. Furthermore, ptDNAs retained during long-term culture all had a common terminus at one end, where extensive rearrangement is known to have occurred during the speciation of rice and tobacco. Morphological analysis revealed the accumulation of starch granules in plastids and amyloplasts in protoclones in which the plastid genome had undergone deletion. Our observations indicated that novel structural changes in the plastid genome and morphological changes in the plastid had occurred in rice cells during long-term tissue culture. Moreover, the morphological changes in plastids were associated with deletions in the plastid genome. 相似文献
14.
K. K. Jena G. Kochert G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,84(5-6):608-616
Summary Fifty-two introgression lines (BC2F8) from crosses between two Oryza sativa parents and five accessions of O. officinalis were analyzed for the introgression of O. officinalis chromosome segments. DNA from the parents and introgression lines was analyzed with 177 RFLP markers located at approximately 10-cM intervals over the rice chromosomes. Most probe/enzyme combinations detected RFLPs between the parents. Of the 174 informative markers, 28 identified putative O. officinalis introgressed chromosome segments in 1 or more of the introgression lines. Introgressed segments were found on 11 of the 12 rice chromosomes. In most cases of introgression, O. sativa RFLP alleles were replaced by O. officinalis alleles. Introgressed segments were very small in size and similar in plants derived from early and later generations. Some nonconventional recombination mechanism may be involved in the transfer of such small chromosomal segments from O. officinalis chromosomes to those of O. sativa. Some of the introgressed segments show association with genes for brown planthopper (BPH) resistance in some introgressed lines, but not in others. Thus, none of the RFLP markers could be unambiguously associated with BPH resistance. 相似文献
15.
Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing isoform of the iron-superoxide dismutase gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes in aerobic organisms that play a crucial role in protecting organisms against ROS. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel alternatively spliced variant of the iron-superoxide dismutase gene, OsFe-SODb, from a rice panicle cDNA library. The alternative splicing event occurred in the fourth exon of the OsFe-SOD gene, and led to the translation of two isoforms of different sizes. The 5′ flanking region of the OsFe-SOD was cloned and many cis-acting regulatory elements were found that are involved in light responsiveness, including a G-box and an I-box. RT-PCR analysis showed that the two alternative forms of OsFe-SOD were expressed in both the vegetative and reproductive tissues of Cpslo17. Moreover, accumulation of both isoforms was upregulated by light induction. In addition, the alternative splicing of OsFe-SOD mRNA was sensitive to low temperature. High yield production of the two recombinant OsFe-SOD isoforms was achieved in Escherichia coli. SOD assays showed that C-terminal truncation in OsFe-SODb did not result in a loss of SOD enzyme activity. 相似文献
16.
17.
S. Rueb M. Leneman R. A. Schilperoort L. A. M. Hensgens 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(2):259-264
To obtain a reproducible efficient procedure for regeneration of rice plants through somatic embryogenesis from callus four published methods of callus induction and regeneration were compared. Callus was initiated from mature embryos of the Japonica cultivar Taipei 309 of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The number, mass and morphology of the callus formed on the scutellum were dependent on the medium used. A limited humidity and an optimal aeration of the culture vessels enhanced the frequency of embryogenesis and plant regeneration. A method described by Poonsapaya et al. (1989) was found to be the most efficient and was slightly modified. As a result 98% of the T309 embryos formed callus, of which 63% regenerated into plants. Each callus yielded an average of 6 plants. Plant morphology, fertility and seed set of the regenerants were found to be normal.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
3-indole-acetic acid
- BA
6-benzyladeninepurine
- S.E.M.
standard error of mean 相似文献
18.
RNA recognition motifs as important regulators of gene expression are highly conserved in animals and plants. The FCA floral promotion gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein, containing two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and a WW protein interaction domain. Here we isolated FCA cDNA from rice. FCA in rice (rFCA) was homologous to FCA-gamma of Arabidopsis and contained conserved domains. To investigate the function of RRM domain, fragment RRM1 and RRM2 of rFCA were introduced into rice subspecies Oryza sativa L. subsp. Indica var. 9311 and another rice subspecies Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica var. zhonghua11 transformation. Two transgenic lines exhibited similar phenotypes, flowering time delay, seed size and cell
volume of transgenic plants was increased. These results showed that constitutive expression of RRMs could regulate cellular
size. The patterns of overexpression of two RRM domains and their similar morphologies indicate they may play a same role. 相似文献
19.
Genotypic variability for callus formation and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
T. Abe Y. Futsuhara 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(1):3-10
Summary Sixty rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.), belonging to three subspecies, japonica, indica and javanica (some japonicaXindica hybrids were included), were compared for their capacity for callus growth and plant regeneration. Tissue cultures initiated from mature seeds on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were transferred to a medium containing 0.02 mg/l 2,4-D and 10 mg/l kinetin, from which plantlets were regenerated. Large variabilities in callus growth and plant regeneration potentials were revealed among the varieties tested. Most japonica varieties formed a callus that weighed more than 100 mg per seed 30 days after inoculation, and showed a relatively high regenerative potential, whereas indica varieties, japonica-indica hybrids and javanica varieties showed poor callus growth and plant regeneration, although considerable varietal variation was observed in each subspecies. The callus growth potential was not correlated with the plant regeneration potential. Histological observations revealed that the epithelium cells of the scutellum mainly proliferated to form a callus, from which shoot and root primordia were differentiated independently from each other. The shoot primordia developed into plantlets when roots were formed adventitiously. In a few cases, shoots and roots were bilaterally initiated from a single primordium. 相似文献
20.
The results of anther culture of F2 pollen issued from 23 single crosses are presented. A relation between the morphology of the panicle and the microspore stage was established. After cold-pretreatment (8 days at 4°C), the anthers were cultured on the callus-induction medium N6 supplemented with 1 mg l–1 naphthaleneacetic acid. The calli were transferred to MS plant regeneration medium supplemented with 3 mg l–1 kinetin + 0.5 mg l–1 naphthaleneacetic acid. The induction frequency varied from 0.22% to 29% and the regeneration frequency from 0% to 144.4%, dependent upon the crosses used. On average, 27% of the plants obtained were albinos and 59% of the green plants underwent spontaneous chromosome doubling. Thirtynine doubled haploid lines were evaluated and multiplied in the field. Lines with an excellent behaviour in upland culture conditions were selected from two crosses. 相似文献