以甘油为底物利用重组大肠杆菌生产聚3-羟基丙酸

【目的】解决前期研究中所构建的以甘油为底物合成聚3-羟基丙酸(P3HP)的代谢途径中存在两个主要的问题——细胞内还原力不平衡和质粒丢失,以提高P3HP的产量。【方法】克隆来源于肺炎克雷伯氏菌的1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PDO)氧化还原酶基因,构建P3HP和1,3-PDO联产的菌株,解决细胞内还原力不平衡的问题。利用自杀性载体系统介导的同源重组技术,将甘油脱水酶及其激活因子的基因整合到大肠杆菌基因组中,提高质粒的稳定性。同时,对发酵条件进行优化。【结果】菌种改造和发酵条件优化显著提高了P3HP产量,在摇瓶条件下到达2.7 g/L,比以前的报道提高2倍,并可同时得到2.4 g/L 1,3-PDO。【结论】该重组大肠杆菌合成P3HP的产量得到提高,具有较好的工业化生产前景。     

High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - l-Serine is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and the direct fermentation to produce l-serine from cheap carbon...     

代谢工程大肠杆菌利用甘油高效合成L-乳酸

以甘油为碳源高效合成L-乳酸有助于推进油脂水解产业和生物可降解材料制造业的共同发展。为此,首先分别从凝结芽胞杆菌Bacillus coagulans CICIM B1821和大肠杆菌Escherichia coli CICIM B0013中克隆了L-乳酸脱氢酶基因BcoaLDH和D-乳酸脱氢酶 (LdhA) 的启动子片段PldhA。将两条DNA片段连接组成了表达盒PldhA-BcoaLDH。然后将上述表达盒通过同源重组删除FMN为辅酶的L-乳酸脱氢酶编码基因lldD的同时克隆入ldhA基因缺失菌株E. coli CICIM B0013-080C (ack-pta pps pflB dld poxB adhE frdA ldhA)的染色体上,获得了L-乳酸高产菌株E. coli CICIM B0013-090B (B0013-080C,lldD::PldhA-BcoaLDH)。考察了菌株CICIM B0013-090B不同培养温度下代谢利用甘油和合成L-乳酸的特征后,建立并优化了一种新型L-乳酸变温发酵工艺。在7 L发酵罐上,发酵27 h,积累L-乳酸132.4 g/L,产酸强度4.90 g/(L·h),甘油到L-乳酸的得率为93.7％,L-乳酸的光学纯度达到99.95％。     

利用大肠杆菌工程菌廉价高效生产聚羟基丁酸酯

利用大肠杆菌生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯是近来国际上生物可降解塑料的研究热点,本研究通过对适宜于聚羟基脂肪酸酯生产的大肠杆菌菌株的选择和碳源利用试验,初步确立了大肠杆菌代谢工程改造生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯的基础。并在此基础上,通过对大肠杆菌磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸葡萄糖转移酶系统的改造和工程菌环境诱导系统的应用,解决了大肠杆菌工程菌无法同时利用多种碳源合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的难题。发酵试验证明,工程化改造的大肠杆菌利用廉价底物在5L发酵罐中分批培养32h后,菌体终浓度能够达到8.24g/L,聚羟基脂肪酸酯占细胞干重的84.6%。     

Sustainable production of genistin from glycerol by constructing and optimizing Escherichia coli

Genistin is one of the bioactive isoflavone glucosides found in legumes, which have great nutraceutical and pharmaceutical significance. The market available isoflavones are currently produced by direct plant extraction. However, its low abundance in plant and structural complexity hinders access to this phytopharmaceutical via plant extraction or chemical synthesis. Here, the E. coli cell factory for sustainable production of genistin from glycerol was constructed. First, we rebuilt the precursor genistein biosynthesis pathway in E. coli, and its titer was then increased by 668% by identifying rate-limiting steps and applying an artificial protein scaffold system. Then de novo production of genistin from glycerol was achieved by functional screening and introduction of glycosyl-transferases, UDP-glucose pathway and specific genistin efflux pumps, and 48.1 mg/L of genistin was obtained. A further engineered E. coli strain equipped with an improved malonyl-CoA pathway, alternative glycerol-utilization pathways, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) mediated regulation produced up to 137.8 mg/L of genistin in shake flask cultures. Finally, 202.7 mg/L genistin was achieved through fed-batch fermentation in a 3-L bioreactor. This study represents the de novo genistin production from glycerol for the first time and will lay the foundation for low-cost microbial production of glucoside isoflavones. In addition, the multiphase workflow may provide a reference for engineering the biosynthetic pathways in other microbial hosts as well, for green manufacturing of complex natural products.     

Design of a recombinant Escherichia coli for producing l-phenylalanine from glycerol

A recombinant Escherichia coli was engineered to produce the commercially important amino acid L: -phenylalanine (L: -Phe) using glycerol as the carbon source. Compared to the conventionally used glucose and sucrose, glycerol is a less expensive carbon source. As phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) activity is involved in the last step of L: -Phe synthesis in E. coli, a phenylalanine dehydrogenase gene (phedh) from the thermotolerant Bacillus lentus was cloned into pRSFDuet-1 (pPheDH) and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The resulting clone had a limited ability to produce L: -Phe from glycerol, possibly because of a poor glycerol uptake by the cell, or an inability to excrete L: -Phe, or both. Therefore, yddG gene encoding an aromatic amino acid exporter and glpF gene encoding a glycerol transport facilitator were coexpressed with the phedh in a reengineered E. coli. In a glycerol medium, the maximum L: -Phe production rates of the clones pPY (phedh and yddG genes) and pPYF (phedh, yddG and glpF genes) were 1.4- and 1.8-fold higher than the maximum production rate of the pPheDH clone. The better producing pPYF clone was further evaluated in a 5?l stirred-tank fermenter (37?°C, an aeration rate of 1 vvm, an agitation speed of 400?rpm). In the fermenter, the maximum concentration of L: -Phe (366?mg/l) was achieved in a much shorter period compared to in the shake flasks. In the latter, the highest titer of L: -Phe was only 76?% of the maximum value attained in the fermenter.     

Correction to: High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - Unfortunately, the order of the figures 1-4 has been positioned wrongly in the print published article     

High-level extracellular production of d-Psicose-3-epimerase with recombinant Escherichia coli by a two-stage glycerol feeding approach

The aim of this study is to achieve high-level extracellular production of d-Psicose-3-epimerase (DPE) with recombinant Escherichia coli. High-level production of DPE is one of the key factors in d-Psicose production. In the present study, the gene AAL45544.1 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 was modified by artificial synthesis for overexpression in E. coli. The total DPE activity reached 3.96 U mL^?1 after optimization of the media composition, induction temperature, and concentration of inducer. Furthermore, it was found that addition of glycine had a positive effect on the extracellular production of DPE, which reached 3.5 U mL^?1. Finally, a two-stage glycerol feeding strategy based on both the specific growth rate before induction and the amount of glycerol residues after induction was applied in a 3-L fermenter. After a series of optimal strategies in the 3-L fermenter, the total and extracellular DPE activity were 5.08- and 3.11-fold higher than that noted in the shake flask. The extracellular and intracellular DPE activity reached 10.9 and 13.2 U mL^?1, achieving 25.5 and 31.1 % conversion of d-fructose to d-psicose, respectively. The systemic strategies presented in this study provide valuable novel information for the industrial application of DPE.     

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production in recombinant Escherichia coli

Abstract The bacterial species Escherichia coli has proven to be a powerful tool in the molecular analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. In addition, E. coli holds promise as a source for economical PHA production. Using this microorganism, clones have been developed in our laboratory which direct the synthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) to levels as high as 95% of the cell dry weight. These clones have been further enhanced by the addition of a genetically mediated lysis system that allows the PHB granules to be released gently and efficiently. This paper describes these developments, as well as the use of an E. coli strain to produce the copolymer poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB- co -3-).     

重组共表达大肠杆菌细胞从D-葡萄糖一锅法生产D-甘露糖

【背景】D-甘露糖的酶促转化方法已受到相当大的关注。【目的】研究D-葡萄糖异构酶(D-glucoseisomerase,D-GIase)和D-来苏糖异构酶(D-lyxoseisomerase,D-LIase)共表达于大肠杆菌细胞生产D-甘露糖的工艺条件。【方法】将D-GIase和D-LIase基因片段合成后酶切连接到载体p CDFDuet-1上,构建p CDFDuet-Acce-DGI/Peba-DLI重组质粒并导入到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中共表达,通过摇瓶培养得到产D-GIase和D-LIase的菌体,测定该共表达细胞体系的反应条件。【结果】添加1 mmol/L Co~(2+),共表达体系酶的最适温度和p H分别为70°C和6.0。以浓度分别为100、300、500 g/L的D-葡萄糖为底物生产D-甘露糖,平衡后D-甘露糖质量浓度分别为13.8、38.1、62.6 g/L,相应的转化率分别为13.8%、12.7%、12.5%,D-葡萄糖、D-果糖和D-甘露糖的平衡比约为50:37.5:12.5。【结论】D-GIase和D-LIase在大肠杆菌细胞中组成的共表达体系通过一锅法可利用D-葡萄糖为底物生产D-甘露糖。     

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from xylose by recombinant Escherichia coli

Several recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes were used to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, from xylose. By flask culture of TG1 (pSYL107) in a defined medium containing 20?g/l xylose, PHB concentration of 1.7?g/l was obtained. Supplementation of a small amount of cotton seed hydrolysate or soybean hydrolysate could enhance PHB production by more than two fold. The PHB concentration, PHB content, and PHB yield on xylose obtained by supplementing soybean hydrolysate were 4.4?g/l, 73.9%, and 0.226?g PHB/g xylose, respectively.     

One-step production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine by recombinant Escherichia coli strains

The gene encoding D-hydantoinase from Agrobacterium radiobacter NRRL B11291 was successfully cloned by use of polymerase chain reaction. A positive clone was scored, and its nucleotide sequence was further analyzed. The analysis by deleting various lengths of nucleotides from the amino terminus of the open reading frame revealed the putative regions for promoter and RBS site. By highly expressing both D-hydantoinase and carbamoylase, recombinant Escherichia coli strains were able to convert DL-hydroxyphenyl hydantoin (DL-HPH) to D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (D-HPG) with a conversion yield of 97%, accounting for productivity 5 times higher than that obtained by A. radiobacter NRRL B11291. Immobilizing the recombinant cells with kappa-carrageenan could also achieve a conversion of 93%, while A. radiobacter NRRL B11291 attained 20% within the same period of reaction time. These results illustrate the feasibility in employing recombinant E. coli to accomplish one-step conversion of DL-HPH to D-HPG. In the process of improving D-HPG production, D-hydantoinase activity was increased 2.57-fold but carbamoylase activity remained constant, which resulted in only a 30% increase in the reaction rate. It suggests that carbamoylase is the step setting the pace of the reaction. Since the reaction substrate is highly insoluble, achieving sufficient agitation appears to be an important issue in this heterogeneous system. This view is further supported by the study on repeated use of cells, which shows that to reach a conversion of more than 90% free cells can be recycled six times, whereas immobilized cells can be used only twice. In conclusion, the poor reusability of immobilized cells is due to the fouling on the gel surface.     

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of succinate from glycerol

Glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the microbial production of bio-based chemicals due to its abundance, low cost, and high degree of reduction. We have previously reported the pathways and mechanisms for the utilization of glycerol by Escherichia coli in minimal salts medium under microaerobic conditions. Here we capitalize on such results to engineer E. coli for the production of value-added succinate from glycerol. Through metabolic engineering of E. coli metabolism, succinate production was greatly elevated by (1) blocking pathways for the synthesis of competing by-products lactate, ethanol, and acetate and (2) expressing Lactococcus lactis pyruvate carboxylase to drive the generation of succinate from the pyruvate node (as opposed to that of phosphoenolpyruvate). As such, these metabolic engineering strategies coupled cell growth to succinate production because the synthesis of succinate remained as the primary route of NAD+ regeneration. This feature enabled the operation of the succinate pathway in the absence of selective pressure (e.g. antibiotics). Our biocatalysts demonstrated a maximum specific productivity of ～400 mg succinate/gcell/h and a yield of 0.69 g succinate/g glycerol, on par with the use of glucose as a feedstock.     

Efficient production of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose from d-glucose by metabolically engineered recombinant Escherichia coli

2-Deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) is a six-membered carbocycle formed from d-glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase (DOIS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminocyclitol antibiotics. DOI is valuable as a starting material for the benzene-free synthesis of catechol and other benzenoids. We constructed a series of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains by introducing a DOIS gene (btrC) from Bacillus circulans and disrupting genes for phosphoglucose isomerase, d-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase (pgi, zwf and pgm, respectively). It was found that deletion of the pgi gene, pgi and zwf genes, pgi and pgm genes, or all pgi, zwf and pgm genes significantly improved DOI production by recombinant E. coli in 2YTG medium (3% glucose) up to 7.4, 6.1, 11.6, and 8.4 g l(-1), respectively, compared with that achieved by wild-type recombinant E. coli (1.5 g l(-1)). Moreover, E. coli mutants with disrupted pgi, zwf and pgm genes showed strongly enhanced DOI productivity of up to 29.5 g l(-1) (99% yield) in the presence of mannitol as a supplemental carbon source. These results demonstrated that DOI production by metabolically engineered recombinant E. coli may provide a novel, efficient approach to the production of benzenoids from renewable d-glucose.