Post-Sandinista Ethnic Identities in Western Nicaragua

The meanings of the ethnic labels Indian and mestizo in Latin America are often treated as stable, bounded, and clearly marked by anthropologists, nationalists, and indigenous intellectuals alike. In Nicaragua, the post-Sandinista emergence of a discourse of indigenous identity in the western region, where successive state elites have considered that identity erased, underscores the dynamic mutability of both indigenous and mestizo ethnicities. This reconsideration derives from dialogue between anthropological analysis and an indigenous intellectual involved in organizing in the western region.     

Animal Suffering: An Invertebrate Perspective

Consideration of the welfare of other animals often is anthropocentric, focusing usually on mammals similar to humans. This article argues the necessity of evaluating the extension of such consideration more widely to invertebrates. Although unlike humans, some groups such as cephalopod molluscs probably have the potential for pain and suffering. In addition, a morality of care, rather than one of rights, and the damage humans do to themselves by cruel treatment of animals both argue for the extension of consideration to all animal species. This consideration predicts extension of basic care of cephalopods from simple housing and feeding into areas such as behavioral enrichment.     

Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism

Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism . David M. Rosen. East Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005. 199 pp.     

Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology

Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology . Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois, eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2004. 496 pp.     

Theorizing Pedagogic Practices in the Contexts of Marketization and of September 11, 2001, and Its Aftermath

Reflecting on a social theory course taught during autumn 2001,1 argue that progressive educators should theorize pedagogic practices in the contexts of the marketizing of higher education and the events of September 11. Such theorizing can demonstrate the limits of marketizing forces and can provide space where critical thought can help create alternatives to both marketizing forces and to the post–September 11 intensification of Third World rage and First World aggression and repression.     

Play and Its Role in the Mental Development of the Child

The problem of communication and its significance for cognition is a perpetual one in psychology. In making the problem of communication an object of study in psychology, investigators have always, to some extent, been aware of the role of dialogue as a cardinal factor in communication. Appreciation of the organizing and system-forming functions of dialogue (external or internal) in any process of communication and cognition has now grown steadily for a number of decades. In recent years, however, the role of dialogue in interconnected processes of communication and cognition has assumed a fundamentally new quality. A number of factors are responsible for this.     

Agrarian Reform and Class Consciousness in Nicaragua

Agrarian Reform and Class Consciousness in Nicaragua. Laura J. Enriquez. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997.206 pp.     

Suffering in silence: the tolerance of DNA damage

When cells that are actively replicating DNA encounter sites of base damage or strand breaks, replication might stall or arrest. In this situation, cells rely on DNA-damage-tolerance mechanisms to bypass the damage effectively. One of these mechanisms, known as translesion DNA synthesis, is supported by specialized DNA polymerases that are able to catalyse nucleotide incorporation opposite lesions that cannot be negotiated by high-fidelity replicative polymerases. A second category of tolerance mechanism involves alternative replication strategies that obviate the need to replicate directly across sites of template-strand damage.