聚乙二醇单修饰重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的研究

制备单修饰的PEG蛋白偶联物,对获得重复性好的修饰产品,减少后续分离步骤具有重要的意义。用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化法对单甲氧基聚乙二醇 (mPEG,分子量20000) 进行活化,红外光谱分析, 并考察了其水解动力学性质。对重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)进行化学修饰,通过正交试验结合SDS-PAGE电泳检测建立了单条PEG链修饰rhG-CSF的条件,单修饰PEG-rhG-CSF的收率为90%。离子交换层析对修饰产物进行分离纯化,高效凝胶过滤色谱(SEC-HPLC)检测纯度达到97%。     

聚乙二醇修饰重组溶葡球菌酶的初步研究

目的:探讨聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰重组溶葡球菌酶(lysostaphin)的反应条件以及修饰后产物的纯化方法.方法:采用超声波细胞粉碎机进行菌体破碎,阳离子交换层析、疏水层析进行蛋白纯化;在不同条件下,将活化的单甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺丙酸酯(mPEG-SPA)与纯化后的lysostaphin反应,以单个PEG-Lysostaphin的比例为指标,用SDS-PAGE、MALDI-TOF-MS方法确定其在修饰产物中的所占比例;采用Sephacryl S-200分子筛凝胶层析法对修饰产物进行分离纯化.结果:mPEG-SPA修饰lysostaphin的反应条件为pH 8.0,温度4℃,lysostaphin与mPEG-SPA的质量比为1∶5,反应时间2.0h;反应产物经一步Sephacryl S-200分子筛凝胶层析纯化后,初步实现分离.结论:初步确定了聚乙二醇修饰lysostaphin的反应条件及修饰产物的纯化方法.     

集成干扰素突变体IIFN72C的构建及其聚乙二醇定点修饰

目的：设计构建集成干扰素突变体IIFN72C并进行聚乙二醇定点修饰,以获得高活性的长效干扰素分子。方法：利用蛋白质分子同源模建,选择在集成干扰素分子IIFN的第72位引入半胱氨酸残基构成集成干扰素突变体IIFN72C。诱导表达后经包涵体变复性和层析纯化,与单甲氧基聚乙二醇（mPEGMAL）定点偶联。修饰产物经纯化后,以SDSPAGE考察其纯度,用WISHVSV系统进行生物活性测定。结果：IIFN72C以包涵体形式表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,比活性与突变前相当;修饰产物大多数为单修饰体,纯化后纯度大于98%,比活性保留约为修饰前的8%。结论：成功设计并表达IIFN72C用于PEG定点修饰,修饰产物活性保留得以提高。     

微生物谷氨酰胺转氨酶催化细胞色素c赖氨酸残基的定点修饰

研究微生物谷氨酰胺转氨酶(mTG)催化细胞色素c(Cytc)的PEG定点修饰的可行性,并优化修饰条件,研究PEG修饰对Cytc性质的影响。将单甲氧基聚乙二醇氨(mPEG-NH_2)与N-苄氧羰基-谷氨酰胺-甘氨酸(CBZ-QG)共价结合制备含谷氨酰胺残基的甲氧基聚乙二醇衍生物(N-苄氧羰基-谷氨酰胺-甘氨酰-单甲氧基聚乙二醇,CBZ-QG-mPEG);mTG分别催化mPEG-NH_2、CBZQG-mPEG(mTG)修饰Cytc,研究酶法定点修饰Cytc残基的可行性;改变酶的用量、温度、反应时间和p H等反应条件优化谷胺酰胺转氨酶催化修饰Cytc的条件。研究结果表明:(1)mPEG-NH_2不能作为mTG的底物修饰Cytc,甲氧基聚乙二醇氨(mPEG-NH_2)分子上引入谷氨酰胺残基后,在mTG的催化作用下了实现Cytc的PEG修饰,而且基于mTG的底物特异性实现了PEG定点修饰Cytc的赖氨酸(Lys)残基;(2)37℃温度下,p H 8.0的溶液中,1mg/ml的mTG催化修饰反应2h是最佳修饰反应条件;(3)化学法PEG修饰Cytc产物复杂,是多种多点修饰产物的混合物,酶法催化PEG修饰Cytc只产生单一产物;(4)与天然Cytc相比,修饰后Cytc的活力、稳定性都有所提高。提出的谷胺酰胺转胺酶催化修饰法解决了蛋白质Lys残基难以定点修饰的难题,拓展了mTG在蛋白质修饰方面的应用。     

双链聚乙二醇与超氧化物歧化酶共价结合物的理化和免疫学性质

用三聚氯氰活化单甲氧基聚乙二醇,得到了双链聚乙二醇(PEGm₂).以PEGm₂修饰牛血Cu,Zn-SOD,得到了氨基修饰率为30％,残余活力为80％的纯PEGm₂-SOD.修饰酶的荧光光谱及圆二色谱均有改变;盐酸胍变性及胃蛋白酶水解实验结果表明,修饰酶的稳定性高于天然酶;免疫学实验表明,与天然酶比较,修饰酶的免疫原性及抗原抗体反应性大为降低.     

聚乙二醇修饰重组人干扰素α-2b的碘染色法

目的：建立检测聚乙二醇位点特异性修饰重组人干扰素α-2b反应的方法。方法：采用分子量20000的甲氧基聚乙二醇马来酰亚胺修饰重组人干扰素α-2b,反应混合物样品经十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）后,碘染色法判断反应产物组成。结果：该修饰反应产物除含有单PEG化的干扰素α-2b外,还有不同修饰程度的多PEG化干扰素。结论：本方法方便快捷、分辨率高、特异性强,同时可用于其它聚乙二醇修饰蛋白质的分析研究。     

重组溶葡萄球菌酶的PEG定点修饰

为获得高抗菌活性聚乙二醇(PEG)定点修饰的溶葡萄球菌酶(Lysn),根据该酶的高级结构,在它的催化域和结合域上优选8个位点(Q9、N13、N40、T172、N174、G197、V240和T244),将其分别突变成半胱氨酸,纯化后的溶葡萄球菌酶突变体经DTT处理后与20 kDa的单甲氧基聚乙二醇马来酰亚胺(m PEG-MAL)进行定点修饰反应,RP-HPLC分析显示PEG修饰率大于70%,修饰产物经MacroCap SP阳离子交换层析纯化后,PEG化溶葡萄球菌酶的纯度大于95%。比浊法和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)实验表明20K-PEG-Lysn V240C和20K-PEG-Lysn T244C的抗菌活性维持在原来的50%左右。研究结果为溶葡萄球菌酶全身给药治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染奠定基础。     

溶葡球菌酶的定点突变与PEG巯基定点修饰

为了建立聚乙二醇 (PEG) 巯基定点修饰溶葡球菌酶的方法,并检验假定连接区的突变与修饰对酶活的影响,对溶葡球菌酶的假定连接区进行了巯基聚乙二醇定点修饰研究。通过分析溶葡球菌酶的结构特征,选择两个结构域之间的氨基酸 (133-154aa) 进行定点突变引入半胱氨酸残基。使用单甲氧基聚乙二醇马来酰亚胺 (mPEG-MAL) 进行定点修饰,对修饰后的酶进行纯化并测定酶活性。结果表明定点突变的半胱氨酸残基PEG修饰效率高、产物单一,运用简便的Ni2+-NTA柱亲和层析法实现了一步分离,获得了高纯度的目标蛋白,但在连接区进行定点突变及PEG定点修饰后的酶活有不同程度的降低,表明假定连接区部分位点的PEG修饰会对溶葡球菌酶的催化活性产生一定影响。     

化学修饰解除天冬酰胺酶抗原性研究

本文报道了用活化的单甲氧基聚乙二醇PEG_2在底物保护的条件下修饰天冬酰胺酶。结果,修饰酶在抗原抗体结合能力完全消失的同时,酶活力保持30％以上,且修饰酶的抗胰蛋白酶水解能力明显增强,体外半衰期延长17倍,免疫原性显著下降。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的表达、纯化以及PEG修饰

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)经大肠杆菌温度诱导表达后,其表达产物以包涵体形式存在,包涵体经过变性、复性和分离纯化等步骤处理后得到纯化的rhG-CSF.在一定的实验条件下用单甲氧基聚乙二醇活性酯(mPEG20k-NHS)对rhG-CSF进行化学修饰,所得修饰产物经分离纯化后获得PEG20K-rhG-CSF偶联物.与修饰前的rhG-CSF相比较,尽管修饰后的rhG-CSF体外生物学活性下降至修饰前的20%左右,但其在体内的作用时间能够得到显著的延长,药效有了明显提高.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.