产辅酶Q1O酵母的发酵条件研究

研究了豆油、豆粉、胡萝卜汁、西红柿汁、烟叶、β -胡萝卜素、桔子皮汁等自然物的添加对酵母发酵生产CoQ₁₀ 的影响 ,结果表明它们均能大幅度提高酵母菌中CoQ10 的含量。其中豆油、豆粉、西红柿汁、桔子皮汁是富含CoQ₁₀ 和胡萝卜素合成途经中的前体物质因而提高了CoQ₁₀ 的产量 ;烟叶和 β -胡萝卜素阻断了合成 β -胡萝卜素的途经从而起到提高CoQ₁₀ 合成的作用 ;胡萝卜汁的作用可能两     

紫罗酮和麦角固醇对酵母生长及产辅酶Q10的影响

研究了β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇对酵母生长及产辅酶Q10的影响。研究发现,β-紫罗酮能促进菌体积累辅酶Q10,当培养基中β-紫罗酮的添加量为0·208×10-3mol/L时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了28·3%;少量麦角固醇能促进菌体产辅酶Q10,当麦角固醇的添加量为0·15×10-4mol/L时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了31·8%,而增加麦角固醇的添加量为0·60×10-4mol/L时则会抑制菌体产辅酶Q10;同时添加β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了36·1%。研究结果表明,β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇能有效地促进菌体产辅酶Q10,这为发酵法生产辅酶Q10提供了一条新的研究思路。     

三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的研究

利用三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产天然β－胡萝卜素。在30L发酵罐中,平均生物量31．3g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1213．1mp／L;在3M³发酵罐中,平均生物量38.0g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1146．5mg／L。将中试样品经HPLC分析,在总色素中β-胡萝卜素占92～96％,其他类胡萝卜素占8～4％;在β-胡萝卜素中,反式异构体占90～95％,9－、13－、15－顺式异构体占10～5％。结晶β－胡萝卜素呈多种形状,但大多数为两端锥形的棱柱体。在胡萝卜素提取中,工艺和技     

β-胡萝卜素合成的代谢工程研究进展

β-胡萝卜素是自然界中最重要的商业化生产的植物色素之一,具有多种生理功能和生物活性。自上世纪60年代开始,随着系统生物学概念的提出以及对类胡萝卜素合成途径研究的不断深入,系统代谢工程在提高类胡萝卜素产量方面发挥了重要作用。文中在介绍β-胡萝卜素传统生产方法的基础上,重点介绍了如何运用系统代谢工程手段构建β-胡萝卜素高产菌株,并分析了进一步提高工程菌β-胡萝卜素产量所面临的主要问题及可能的解决方案,为β-胡萝卜素的高效生产提供了思路。     

代谢工程改造酿酒酵母生产β-胡萝卜素

β-胡萝卜素在食品、药品和化妆品领域有广泛用途。为获得生产β-胡萝卜素的微生物细胞工厂,本研究首先在酿酒酵母BY4742中过表达甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径的限速酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)基因及二萜化合物合成的关键酶牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(GGPS)基因,来提高牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸(GGPP)的供给。在酿酒酵母底盘菌BY4742-T2的基础上整合来源于成团泛菌和红法夫酵母的β-胡萝卜素合成基因,比较酿酒酵母工程菌生产β-胡萝卜素的差别。结果表明提高酿酒酵母中HMGR和GGPS酶基因的表达能将工程菌中β-胡萝卜素的产量提高26.0倍。另外,来源于真核生物红法夫酵母的合成基因相比成团泛菌,更有利于酿酒酵母生产β-胡萝卜素。最终获得的酿酒酵母工程菌BW02能生产1.56 mg/g细胞干重的β-胡萝卜素,为进一步获得高产β-胡萝卜素细胞工厂提供基础。     

通过番茄红素环化酶的优化构建β-胡萝卜素高产菌株

目标产物的合成途径往往需要对关键酶的来源、表达水平等因素进行系统性优化才能实现代谢通量的最大化。β-胡萝卜素是一类具有重要应用价值的萜类化合物,其中番茄红素环化酶(Lycopene cyclase,CrtY)是β-胡萝卜素合成途径中的关键酶,能够催化FAD依赖的环化反应将番茄红素转化合成β-胡萝卜素。本研究通过对CrtY的系统优化提高β-胡萝卜素的合成水平,并确定CrtY的表达对代谢通路的影响。在大肠杆菌中以番茄红素合成模块为基础,通过引入番茄红素环化酶基因crt Y构建了β-胡萝卜素合成模块。并进一步利用寡聚接头介导的DNA组装方法 (Oligo-linker mediated assembly method,OLMA)引入一系列不同强度的人工设计的核糖体结合位点(Ribosome-binding site,RBS),对CrtY的表达强度、基因来源等因素进行高通量的优化。通过OLMA文库构建和平板筛选,获得了5株高产β-胡萝卜素的工程菌株。在摇瓶中,5株工程菌株的β-胡萝卜素产量可达15.79-18.90 mg/g DCW(Dry cell weight),比优化前提高了65%。进一步选取了其中的CP12菌株,在5 L发酵罐上,利用高密度培养技术验证工程菌株合成β-胡萝卜素的能力。最终β-胡萝卜素产量可达1.9 g/L。RBS强度分析及代谢中间体分析表明,适当地降低CrtY表达强度能够有利于β-胡萝卜素模块相关基因之间协同发挥作用。以上结果为β-胡萝卜素合成途径的优化规律提供了理论指导。     

RBS文库调控重组大肠杆菌β-胡萝卜素合成途径关键基因提高β-胡萝卜素合成能力

β-胡萝卜素属于类胡萝卜素家族的一员,在药品、保健品、化妆品和食品行业有广泛的应用。本研究通过用RBS文库对重组大肠杆菌CAR005中β-胡萝卜素合成途径的关键基因dxs、idi和crt操纵子进行调控来提高β-胡萝卜素合成能力。研究发现3个基因分别用RBS文库调控后,与起始菌株相比β-胡萝卜素产量最高分别有7%、11%和17%的提高,表明使用RBS文库调控比使用多个固定强度启动子调控能筛选到更有利于目标产品合成的基因表达强度。三基因组合调控后,β-胡萝卜素产量相对于CAR005菌株提高了35%。同时发现,单基因文库筛选到的最优强度对于组合调控来说,未必是最优强度。本研究为利用基因表达调控优化目标产物合成途径提供了一种新的方案。     

短小芽孢杆菌对盐藻SZ-05的生物量和β-胡萝卜素产量的影响

研究了短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）对盐藻空间诱变株系SZ-05（Dunaliella salina SZ-05）的生物量及β-胡萝卜素积累的影响。结果表明,短小芽孢杆菌显著提高了盐藻SZ-05的生物量和β-胡萝卜素的产量,明显降低了培养体系中的溶解氧和胞外多糖的含量。溶解氧的减少,使得藻细胞的光呼吸作用下降,光合作用速率提高,使藻细胞生物量增加。胞外多糖具有抗氧化作用,胞外多糖的减少可能进一步增加了β-胡萝卜素的合成,从而使β-胡萝卜素在胁迫条件下大幅度增加。     

细胞膜合成途径模块化调控与形态改造提高大肠杆菌β-胡萝卜素的积累与产量

β-胡萝卜素是类胡萝卜素家族中的典型代表,属于疏水性较强的化合物,前期研究表明,改变细胞膜形态以及增加3-磷酸甘油二酯的供给,均可容纳更多的β-胡萝卜素,从而提高其产量。然而在之前的研究中,没有对细胞膜的磷脂中主要组分磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成途径对β-胡萝卜素积累的影响进行系统的讨论。本研究将磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成途径分为上中下游3个模块,对它们的多种表达组合策略进行比较。首先过表达了上游模块1,菌株CAR016的β-胡萝卜素的产量与单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量均有显著提高,分别可达到44 mg/L以及13.7 mg/g DCW。与对照菌株相比,分别提高30.5%与35.6%。过表达磷脂酰乙醇胺合成的中游模块,β-胡萝卜素的产量以及单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素的产量分别为103.5 mg/L DCW与19.8 mg/g DCW。与对照菌株CAR016(pACYC184-M)相比,分别提高1.4倍与53.5%。将上游模块1与中游模块2共表达,菌株CAR016(pModule1,pModule2)单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量为22.3 mg/g DCW。与CAR016(pModule2)相比,单位细胞产量提高18%,与出发菌株CAR016(pTrc99A-M,pACYC184-M)相比,单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量提高122%。本研究找到了磷脂酰乙醇胺合成途径表达的最优组合策略,可以产生更大量的细胞膜,为储存β-胡萝卜素提供了更多的空间,从而进一步提高β-胡萝卜素的产量。细胞膜形态和合成途径的模块化改造,是今后提高类胡萝卜素产量的新方向。     

β-胡萝卜素发酵过程中关键的代谢产物——三孢酸*

利用三孢布拉氏霉菌(Blakelea trispora)发酵生产β-胡萝卜素发现:使用(+)、(-)菌混合的培养物与分别使用“+”、“-”菌的培养物相比,β-胡萝卜素产率可提高3-15倍;既使用膜将(+)、(-)菌株隔开培养,这种作用仍然很明显。究其原因,主要是混合培养物中生成的β因子或称三孢酸在起作用。主要介绍了三孢酸的性质、作用机理和功能、合成路线及其分离纯化,以期为类胡萝卜素实现工业化生产提供依据。     

辅酶Q10生物合成与生产研究进展

微生物发酵法是生产辅酶Q10的最佳工艺.辅酶Q10的生物合成途径包括异戊二烯焦磷酸合成、聚十异戊二烯焦磷酸合成、苯环修饰等过程.1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶、聚十异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶、对羟基笨甲酸聚十异戊二烯焦磷酸转移酶等是Q10合成的关键酶.生产辅酶Q10的菌种可通过诱变、基因重组和支路敲除等方法获得.氧化还原电位控制、pH控制补料分批发酵、发酵萃取耦合技术等新工艺逐浙应用于辅酶Q10生产.     

Cardiac performance and coenzyme Q10 in thyroid disorders

To investigate the relationship between serum levels of Coenzyme Q10 and cardiac performance in thyroid disorders, we studied the cardiac performance and assessed serum levels of thyroid hormones and Coenzyme Q10 in 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, 5 patients with hypothyroidism and 10 normal subjects. A significant inverse correlation between thyroid hormones and Coenzyme Q10 levels was found by performing partial correlation analysis. Because low serum levels of Coenzyme Q10 were found in thyrotoxic patients and congestive heart failure may occur as a result of severe hyperthyroidism, 120 mg of Coenzyme Q10 was administered daily for one week to 12 hyperthyroid patients and the change in cardiac performance was assessed. Further augmentation of cardiac performance was found in hyperthyroid hearts, which were already augmented, after the administration of Coenzyme Q10. It appears, therefore, that the Coenzyme Q10 dose actually has a therapeutic value for congestive heart failure induced by severe thyrotoxicosis.     

酵母发酵生产辅酶Q10提取方法研究进展

辅酶Q10是存在于哺乳动物中,能与酶蛋白形成复合物以发挥酶学活性的有机小分子化合物,目前广泛应用于医药、日化、保健、食品等不同领域。辅酶Q10来源丰富,其中酵母是其工业生产的主要来源之一。广受关注的酵母发酵生产辅酶Q10的提取分离手段不断革新,产量不断增加,处理方式更加环保,应用日渐拓宽。本文就近年来国内外酵母发酵生产辅酶Q10的提取分离方法进行了综述,包括酵母菌种的类型与优化、辅酶Q10提取检测方法、工业生产放大工艺以及与产品质量相关的各个影响因素,并对酵母发酵生产辅酶Q10的前景进行了展望。     

烟草中茄尼醇分离纯化研究进展

茄尼醇是一种重要的药物中间体,广泛用于合成辅酶Q10,因其在药物、保健品、化妆品等方面巨大的应用前景和市场需求而备受关注。本文综述了烟叶中茄尼醇提取、分离纯化与快速检测的研究进展,为高纯度茄尼醇的生产提供参考。     

Evidence for coenzyme Q function in transplasma membrane electron transport

Transplasma membrane electron transport activity has been associated with stimulation of cell growth. Coenzyme Q is present in plasma membranes and because of its lipid solubility would be a logical carrier to transport electrons across the plasma membrane. Extraction of coenzyme Q from isolated rat liver plasma membranes decreases the NADH ferricyanide reductase and added coenzyme Q10 restores the activity. Piericidin and other analogs of coenzyme Q inhibit transplasma membrane electron transport as measured by ferricyanide reduction by intact cells and NADH ferricyanide reduction by isolated plasma membranes. The inhibition by the analogs is reversed by added coenzyme Q10. Thus, coenzyme Q in plasma membrane may act as a transmembrane electron carrier for the redox system which has been shown to control cell growth.     

辅酶Q10的生理作用及临床应用

辅酶Q10是线粒体电子传递链中的一种重要辅酶,参与细胞氧化磷酸化及ATP生成过程。辅酶Q10是细胞代谢呼吸激活剂和免疫增强剂,具有抗氧化和自由基清除功能。辅酶Q10药物的临床应用主要在心血管疾病、高血压、神经系统疾病和免疫系统疾病方面。     

Changes in coenzyme Q level in mitochondria of cirrhotic rat liver

In the cirrhotic rat liver induced by carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone, the concentrations of mitochondrial Coenzyme Q were measured in comparison with other respiratory components. The concentration of cytochrome a(+a3) and Coenzyme Q significantly increased in the cirrhotic liver, without any changes in the ratio of Coenzyme Q to cytochrome a(+a3). It is suggested that such increase of Coenzyme Q plays an important role as one of the adaptive responses to compensate for the prolonged metabolic overload on the mitochondrial respiratory assembly. Also, from the findings that the concentrations of cytochrome a(+a3) in the mitochondria of cirrhotic liver increase concomitant with the severity of cirrhosis, it is suggested that the rise of Coenzyme Q levels may be one of the indicators for the decreased functional reserve capacity in liver cirrhosis.     

Cellular redox poise modulation; the role of coenzyme Q10, gene and metabolic regulation

In this communication, the concept is developed that coenzyme Q10 has a toti-potent role in the regulation of cellular metabolism. The redox function of coenzyme Q10 leads to a number of outcomes with major impacts on sub-cellular metabolism and gene regulation. Coenzyme Q10's regulatory activities are achieved in part, through the agency of its localization in the various sub-cellular membrane compartments. Its fluctuating redox poise within these membranes reflects the cell's metabolic micro-environments. As an integral part of this process, H2O2 is generated as a product of the normal electron transport systems to function as a mitogenic second messenger informing the nuclear and mitochondrial (chloroplast) genomes on a real-time basis of the status of the sub-cellular metabolic micro-environments and the needs of that cell. Coenzyme Q10 plays a major role both in energy conservation, and energy dissipation as a component of the uncoupler protein family. Coenzyme Q10 is both an anti-oxidant and a pro-oxidant and of the two the latter is proposed as its more important cellular function. Coenzyme Q10 has been reported, to be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a wide range of age related degenerative systemic diseases and mitochondrial disease. Our over-arching hypotheses on the central role played by coenzyme Q10 in redox poise changes, the generation of H2O2, consequent gene regulation and metabolic flux control may account for the wide ranging therapeutic benefits attributed to coenzyme Q10.     

Efficient synthesis and antioxidant activities of N-heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues

A new strategy for the efficient synthesis of C-5 heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues was developed by N-alkylation of bromomethylated quinone 11 with a series of amines 12 under metal-free conditions. In vitro antioxidant activities of these Coenzyme Q analogues were evaluated and compared with commercial antioxidant Coenzyme Q₁₀ by employing DPPH assay. All these N-heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues are found to be exhibiting good antioxidant properties and may be used as potent antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.     

Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the heart ultrastructure and nitric oxide synthase during hyperthyroidism

Coenzyme Q10 is an important component of mitochondrial electron transport chain and antioxidant. Hyperthyroidism manifests hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output, increased heart rate and decreased peripheral resistance. The heart is also under the oxidative stress in the hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to examine both how the coenzyme Q10 can affect heart ultrastructure in the hyperthyroidism and how the relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and heart damage and coenzyme Q10. Swiss Black C57 mice received 5 mg/kg L-thyroxine. Coenzyme Q10 (1.5 mg/kg) and L-thyroxine together was given to second group mice. Coenzyme Q10 and serum physiologic were applied to another two groups, respectively. All treatments were performed daily for 15 days by gavage. Free triiodothyronine and thyroxine were increased in two groups given L-thyroxine; thyroid-stimulating hormone level did not change. Hyperthyroid heart showed an increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) immunoreactivity in the tissue. Coenzyme Q10 administration decreased these NOS immunoreactivities in the hyperthyroid animals. Cardiomyocytes of the hyperthyroid animals was characterized by abnormal shape and invaginated nuclei, and degenerative giant mitochondria. Desmosome plaques reduced in density. In hyperthyroid mice given coenzyme Q10, the structural disorganization and mitochondrial damage regressed. However, hearts of healthy mice given coenzyme Q10 displayed normal ultrastructure, except for increased mitochondria and some of them were partially damaged. Coenzyme Q10 increased the glycogen in the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, coenzyme Q10 administration can prevent the ultrastructural disorganization and decrease the iNOS and eNOS increment in the hyperthyroid heart.