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运用液相芯片技术原理,以分枝杆菌菌种(群)特异基因序列IS6110、IS1081、IS1245和F57为目标基因,设计筛选4套扩增引物和杂交探针,建立同时检测鉴别结核分枝杆菌复合群、鸟分枝杆菌和副结核分枝杆菌的四重液相基因芯片检测方法。对13种共54株分枝杆菌菌株以及23种常见微生物样品的检测结果显示,四重液相芯片方法可特异检测鉴别目标菌种(群),与其它分枝杆菌菌种或微生物无非特异交叉反应;检测敏感性达2.1×101-2.5×102基因拷贝或0.06-0.74 fg DNA;组内检测变异系数和组间检测变异系数均<10%。采用四重液相芯片方法从临床结核疑似人痰样和牛组织样品中检出结核致病菌,检出率分别达75.6%(99/131)和94.9%(37/39),显著高于培养法(38.9%和53.8%)。对副结核疑似临床样品的检测试验结果显示,四重液相芯片方法与荧光PCR方法的阳性符合率为83%(24/29)。对四重混合模板的检测试验结果显示该液相芯片方法可鉴别不同菌种混合感染。四重液相芯片方法的检测周期<1 d,其中对纯化DNA模板的检测时间可在2-3 h内完成。 相似文献
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蛋白质组学是在基因组学基础上发展起来的新兴学科, 其基本技术包括样品制备、蛋白质分离和蛋白质鉴定分析, 其中的核心技术是双向凝胶电泳技术(2-Dimensional Electrophoresis, 2-DE)和质谱技术(Mass Spectrometry, MS)。近年来, 蛋白质组学技术已应用于结核分枝杆菌的研究领域。应用蛋白质组学技术分离、鉴定、检测结核分枝杆菌致病株的全菌蛋白及分泌蛋白, 分析其蛋白组成, 可深入解析结核分枝杆菌的致病机理和耐药机制。通过对结核分枝杆菌致病株抗原的分析, 为研制预防结核病的新型疫苗拓展了空间。通过对结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的蛋白组成分析还发现了一些有意义的结核病早期诊断标志物。蛋白质组学技术还应用于寻找新的药物靶标, 在研制和筛选新的抗结核药物等方面展示了一些有价值的研究成果, 为更好地开展结核病的预防、早期诊断及治疗打下了基础。 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌体外培养生长缓慢的特性和耐多药性给传统的实验室检测和药物敏感试验带来很多麻烦,从而给结核病的诊断和治疗增加困难,随着现代实验技术的发展,分子生物学技术,色谱技术以及计算机等技术在该菌中的研究和应用已显示出极大的优势,不仅能够快速鉴定到其种和株的水平,还能够提供快速的药敏试验的结果和考核抗结核治疗的效果,并可进行耐药基因的分析及分子流行病学调查,为人类最终控制并战胜结核病提供了有效的手段。 相似文献
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近年来,随着技术的进步、测序成本的降低,全基因组测序(whole-genome sequencing,WGS)技术开始应用于结核分枝杆菌传播的研究。本研究采用基于单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)的分型方法评价多位点数目可变串联重复序列(variable-number tandem-repeat,VNTR)分型判断泛耐药结核分枝杆菌(extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis,XDR-TB)传播及成簇特征的准确性。对2003-2009年重庆市肺科医院诊断的55例XDR-TB菌株分别进行9+3个位点的VNTR分型和WGS分析,分别构建系统进化树,并比较两种方法判断成簇的一致性与差异。VNTR分型方法鉴定出45个基因型,其中39株为单一基因型,16株(29.1%)分别归入6个基因簇。规定菌株间差异不超过12个SNP即为成簇,WGS将20株(36.4%)分为5个簇。两种方法判断成簇的一致性为 63.6%。与WGS相比,VNTR分型的灵敏度为 40.0%,特异度为 77.1%。相比于WGS,VNTR分型特异度较高,但仅凭其结果可能会错误估计XDR-TB的传播性。因此,规定菌株间相差不超过12个SNP即有近期传播关系是否适用于XDR-TB,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌可以在人体内缓慢增殖,释放代谢产物,造成细胞损伤,引起结核病。其致病机制可能与其复杂的细胞壁成分密切相关。结核分枝杆菌细胞壁中的脂质、糖类及蛋白类物质在构成屏障结构,保护并辅助结核分枝杆菌在细胞内的生长及迁移,调节宿主免疫应答,造成宿主组织细胞损伤等方面发挥重要生物学作用。其表达受众多基因的精细调控。本文将对结核分枝杆菌细胞壁中的脂质阿拉伯甘露聚糖和分枝菌酸在其毒力中的作用,以及sig基因对毒力的调节作用作一综述。 相似文献
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细胞因子是由免疫细胞和某些非免疫细胞经刺激而合成、分泌的一类具有广泛生物学活性的小分子蛋白质,其作为细胞间信号传递分子,主要参与调节免疫应答、免疫细胞分化发育、组织修复、介导炎症反应、刺激造血功能等。micro RNA(mi RNA)是存在于真核细胞内的一种非编码小RNA,可以调控基因转录后的表达,同时还可作为不同生理和病理状态的分子标记。许多研究表明,细胞因子相关基因的多态性与结核感染、肺结核发病易感性密切相关,而mi RNA在肺部疾病的正负调节功能与肺部疾病感染的发生、发展、转化与治疗有关。我们简要叙述了细胞因子、mi RNA与结核分枝杆菌感染三者之间的关联,以期有利于及时筛查潜伏结核感染和肺结核患者,降低结核感染率和发病率。 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是一种典型的胞内致病菌,巨噬细胞是MTB在体内的主要宿主细胞。巨噬细胞具有强大的吞噬功能,在机体固有免疫和适应性免疫中均发挥着重要作用,可有效保护宿主免受结核分枝杆菌的感染。MTB在与宿主巨噬细胞的长期相互作用过程中,逐渐形成多种逃避杀灭的有效策略,得以在宿主体内存活并增殖。该文从巨噬细胞抗MTB感染及MTB逃避巨噬细胞杀灭两个方面综述国内外的研究进展。 相似文献
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比较硝基苯甲酸/噻吩−2−羧酸肼(PNB/TCH)生长试验、胶体金法、荧光PCR法和基因芯片法用于结核分枝杆菌(MTB)和非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)鉴定的效能,从而为临床选择鉴别MTB和NTM的实验室方法提供参考依据。
收集2021—2022年疑似肺结核患者痰液和肺泡灌洗液样本,选择经BACTEC MGIT 960全自动快速分枝杆菌培养鉴定药敏仪液体培养阳性的440份标本,分别采用PNB/TCH生长试验、胶体金法、荧光PCR法和基因芯片法鉴定MTB和NTM。以16S rRNA基因测序法为金标准,比较4种方法的效能。
440份分枝杆菌阳性标本,16S rRNA基因测序法鉴定出MTB和NTM分别为316株和124株。PNB/TCH生长试验、胶体金法、荧光PCR法和基因芯片法鉴定MTB的敏感度分别为96.5%、97.8%、100.0%和99.7%,差异具有统计学意义(
PNB/TCH生长试验、胶体金法、荧光PCR法和基因芯片法均可用于MTB和NTM鉴定。胶体金法和荧光PCR法鉴定MTB时效性较好,但胶体金法经济、便捷,更适合于基层临床实验室MTB快速鉴定;基因芯片法对软、硬件均有一定要求、检测成本较高,在一定程度上限制了临床的普及应用。
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结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection, LTBI)是机体对结核分枝杆菌抗原持续性免疫反应的状态,既无活动性结核病临床症状,也无结核病影像学表现。LTBI激活是新发结核病的主要来源之一。LTBI动物模型的建立是研究结核的潜伏感染和复发机制,开发诊断试剂,评估抗结核新药、新疫苗的有效性、安全性的基础。建立稳定、成本低、易推广、潜伏期时长适中、复发起点和复发水平变异小的LTBI动物模型,是其未来研究发展的方向。本文就LTBI动物模型的研究进展进行综述,期望为结核病防治工作者提供参考资料。 相似文献
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潜伏结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)复发是新发结核病的主要来源,其中耐药结核病所占比例较大,使耐药LTBI复发的防控成为结核病研究的重点。耐药结核分枝杆菌潜伏-复发感染动物模型是开展耐药结核病防控相关机制研究、抗耐药结核分枝杆菌药物和疫苗研究的基础。目前耐药结核分枝杆菌感染动物模型缺乏,而已有的结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv潜伏-复发感染模型存在缺陷,如小鼠模型的潜伏期荷菌量偏高、复发期变异大,而猴模型的潜伏期和复发期不可预测。模型的可控性差使其应用困难,且缺乏可用的免疫学评价指标,导致远期复发无法预测。因此,基于现有H37Rv潜伏-复发感染动物模型的制备方法,展望耐药结核分枝杆菌潜伏-复发感染动物模型可能存在的缺陷,通过选用新的抑菌剂和诱导剂,制备有稳定潜伏期、潜伏时长适中、复发起点和复发水平变异小的动物模型,是未来耐药结核分枝杆菌潜伏-复发感染动物模型研究的方向。 相似文献
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection has become a public health issue worldwide. Up to now, there have been many unresolved issues either in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of M.tb/HIV coinfection or in the basic understanding of the mechanisms for the impairments to the immune system by interactions of these two pathogens. One important reason for these unsolved issues is the lack of appropriate animal models for the study of M.tb/HIV coinfection. This paper reviews the recent development of research on the animal models of M.tb/HIV co-infection, with a focus on the non-human primate models. 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌感染实验模型 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
结核分枝杆菌是引起人结核病的主要病原,全世界约有1/3人口感染结核分枝杆菌。尽管该病原可感染并引起许多动物疾病,但人类是其中心宿主。为研究结核分枝杆菌的致病机理及宿主对本病原的保护性和免疫病理学反应,选择合适的动物模型非常必要。本文阐述了结核病研究中常用的实验模型及各种模型的优缺点。实验模型的合理应用将促进我们对结核病的认识,从中获取的资料将有助于我们发现更好的预防和治疗方案。 相似文献
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Montgomery DL 《Briefings in bioinformatics》2000,1(3):289-296
Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem, with more adults dying from Mycobacterium tuberculosis than any other pathogen world-wide.With the onset of the HIV epidemic and an increase in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the need for an improved vaccine has become an international priority.The recent completion of the genome sequences for two M. tuberculosis strains provides a wealth of information that can be used to design new strategies for vaccine development. The challenge comes in making rational choices from among the 4,000 genes of the most probable candidate immunogens or virulence genes.Thus, a well-designed screen is needed to reduce the number of candidates that must be tested. Presently, the most valuable role that bioinformatics can play is to provide such a screen. 相似文献
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Marcio Roberto Silva Adalgiza da Silva Rocha Ronaldo Rodrigues da Costa Andrea Padilha de Alencar Vania Maria de Oliveira Ant?nio Augusto Fonseca Júnior Mariana Lázaro Sales Marina de Azevedo Issa Paulo Martins Soares Filho Omara Tereza Vianello Pereira Eduardo Calazans dos Santos Rejane Silva Mendes ?ngela Maria de Jesus Ferreira Pedro Moacyr Pinto Coelho Mota Philip Noel Suffys Mark Drew Crosland Guimar?es 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(3):321-327
In this cross-sectional study, mycobacteria specimens from 189 tuberculosis (TB) patients living in an urban area in Brazil were characterised from 2008-2010 using phenotypic and molecular speciation methods (pncA gene and oxyR pseudogene analysis). Of these samples, 174 isolates simultaneously grew on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Stonebrink (SB)-containing media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas 12 had molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis based on the DNA analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissue samples (paraffin blocks). One patient produced two sputum isolates, the first of which simultaneously grew on LJ and SB media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis, and the second of which only grew on SB media and presented phenotypic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis. One patient provided a bronchial lavage isolate, which simultaneously grew on LJ and SB media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis, but had molecular profiles of M. bovis from paraffin block DNA analysis, and one sample had molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis identified from two distinct paraffin blocks. Moreover, we found a low prevalence (1.6%) of M. bovis among these isolates, which suggests that local health service procedures likely underestimate its real frequency and that it deserves more attention from public health officials. 相似文献
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Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis caused by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid among the first-line antitubercular drugs (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; MDR-TB) in addition to resistance to any fluroquinolones and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs, namely amikacin, kanamycin and/or capreomycin. Recent studies have described XDR-TB strains from all continents. Worldwide prevalence of XDR-TB is estimated to be c. 6.6% in all the studied countries among multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. The emergence of XDR-TB strains is a reflection of poor tuberculosis management, and controlling its emergence constitutes an urgent global health reality and a challenge to tuberculosis control activities in all parts of the world, especially in developing countries and those lacking resources and as well as in countries with increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS. 相似文献
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Advances in antibody-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for a novel vaccine strategy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Glatman-Freedman A 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2003,39(1):9-16
Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be the major component of the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas antibody-mediated immunity historically has been considered inconsequential. In recent years, studies from several groups have challenged the traditional dogma and demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can modify various aspects of mycobacterial infections. This review describes the experimental evidence supporting a role for antibodies in defense against mycobacterial infections and outlines future challenges to the field of antibody-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis, with particular emphasis on the implications of these findings for a novel vaccine strategy. 相似文献
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Anu V. Chandran J. Rajan Prabu G. P. Manjunath K. Neelakanteshwar Patil K. Muniyappa M. Vijayan 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2010,66(9):1093-1095
The C‐terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LexA has been crystallized in two different forms. The form 1 and form 2 crystals belonged to space groups P3121 and P31, respectively. Form 1 contains one domain in the asymmetric unit, while form 2 contains six crystallographically independent domains. The structures have been solved by molecular replacement. 相似文献
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Liang Zhang Ruyi Chen Zhe Dong Xin Li 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2013,69(1):57-60
Organophosphates (OPs) are extremely toxic compounds that are used as insecticides or even as chemical warfare agents. Phosphotriesterases (PHPs) are responsible for the detoxification of OPs by catalysing their degradation. Almost 100 PHP structures have been solved to date, yet the crystal structure of the phosphotriesterase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mPHP) remains unavailable. This study reports the first crystallization of mPHP. The crystal belonged to space group C2221, with unit‐cell parameters a = 68.03, b = 149.60, c = 74.23 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. An analytical ultracentrifugation experiment suggested that mPHP exists as a dimer in solution, even though one molecule is calculated to be present in the asymmetric unit according to the structural data. 相似文献